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Author = Cavatorta, Francesco;
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 41 on page 1 of 2
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'Divided they stand, divided they fail': opposition politics in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco
'Divided they stand, divided they fail': opposition politics in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
The literature on democratization emphasises how authoritarian constraints usually lead genuine opposition parties and movements to form alliances in order to make demands for reform to the authoritarian regime. There is significant empirical evidence to support this theoretical point. While this trend is partly visible in the Middle East and North Africa, such coalitions are usually short-lived and limited to a single issue, never reaching the stage of formal and organic alliances. This article, using the case of Morocco, seeks to explain this puzzle by focusing on ideological and strategic differences that exist between the Islamist and the secular/liberal sectors of civil society, where significant opposition politics occurs. In addition, this article also aims to explain how pro-democracy strategies of the European Union further widen this divide, functioning as a key obstacle to democratic reforms.
http://doras.dcu.ie/4504/
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'Yes, he can': a reappraisal of Syrian foreign policy under Bashar al-Asad
(2010)
Mohns, Erik; Cavatorta, Francesco
'Yes, he can': a reappraisal of Syrian foreign policy under Bashar al-Asad
(2010)
Mohns, Erik; Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/15757/
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‘The Importance of being Civil Society’: Student Politics and the Reformist Movement in Khatami's Iran
(2013)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
‘The Importance of being Civil Society’: Student Politics and the Reformist Movement in Khatami's Iran
(2013)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
Through a non-conventional understanding of civil society activism, the article provides an explanation of the relationship between the student movement and Khatami’s governments in Iran. This study approaches ‘civil society’ as a space where we may observe the dynamics and the exercise of power. The case study of the interactions between the Daftar-e Tahkim-e Vahdat and Khatami’s governments illustrates how civil society is not a fixed concept, but a contested one. By analysing the conflicts and interactions between these two actors, the article examines the continuous negotiations that reinvent the meaning of civil society and produce political inclusion or exclusion.
http://doras.dcu.ie/23167/
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Algeria: oil and public opinion
(2017)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
Algeria: oil and public opinion
(2017)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
Hydrocarbon revenues have long played a central role in Algeria, where the non-transparent circumstances of their redistribution have enabled the government to survive the Arab Spring and remain in power despite the socio-economic problems affecting the country. This chapter observes that public debate and repression of public dissent co-exist, while oil and gas revenues are used to co-opt and repress demands for reform voiced by civil society. Open discussion, especially concerning the need for economic diversification, is permitted because it is not seen as particularly dangerous to the regime and because civil society activism has limited impact on decision-making. Although civil society is not able to generate major institutional change at the national level, research institutes, opposition parties, media outlets, some institutional actors and ordinary citizens are increasingly contributing to and shaping the public debate over how oil and gas rents are to be used.
http://doras.dcu.ie/23176/
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Bullets over ballots: Islamist groups, the state and electoral violence in Egypt and Morocco
(2010)
Kraetzschmar, Hendrik; Cavatorta, Francesco
Bullets over ballots: Islamist groups, the state and electoral violence in Egypt and Morocco
(2010)
Kraetzschmar, Hendrik; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
This article is concerned with state-sponsored electoral violence in liberalized autocracies. The first section of the paper identifies a number of variables that can help explain the decision calculus of authoritarian incumbents to deploy force against strong electoral challengers. The second section then examines these propositions with reference to Egypt and Morocco. Drawing on recent parliamentary elections in both countries the article questions why, despite facing the challenge of political Islam, the two regimes differed so markedly in their willingness to manipulate the polls by recourse to violence. Whilst the Egyptian authorities decided to abrogate all pretence of peaceful elections in favour of violent repression against the Muslim Brotherhood candidates and sympathizers, no such tactics were deployed by the ruling elite in Morocco. We suggest that three principal factors influenced the regimes' response to this electoral challenge: (1) the centrality of the elected...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15742/
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Civil society, democracy promotion and Islamism on the southern shores of the Mediterranean
(2008)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Civil society, democracy promotion and Islamism on the southern shores of the Mediterranean
(2008)
Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/480/
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Civil society, Islamism and democratisation: the case of Morocco
(2006)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Civil society, Islamism and democratisation: the case of Morocco
(2006)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
The positive role that an active civil society plays in processes of democratisation is often highlighted in the literature. However, when it comes to the Middle East and North Africa, such activism is considered to be detrimental to democratisation because the predominant role is played by Islamist groups. The explanation for this rests with the perceived ‘uncivil’ and undemocratic Islamist ethos of such groups. This paper challenges this assumption and argues that Islamist associations can be a potential force for democratisation for three reasons. First, they are capable of political learning; secondly, they generate secular civil society activism as a response to their activities, increasing the number of actors in the political and social system; and finally, they can cooperate with other civil society groups on a number of issues, given that they are all subject to the same authoritarian constraints. The paper focuses in particular on the case of Morocco and the Islamist group...
http://doras.dcu.ie/475/
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Constructing an open model of transition: the case of North Africa
(2004)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Constructing an open model of transition: the case of North Africa
(2004)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
This article puts forth an open model of transition to democracy challenging the conventional wisdom of the literature on processes of democratisation, which focuses almost exclusively on domestic factors. International variables are thus at the centre of explanations for regime change. The article argues that transitions do not occur in a vacuum and presents a theoretical model that can be useful to analyse external-internal linkages. The model is then applied to three North African countries, whose efforts to democratise have failed: Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. The article concludes that it is no longer methodologically sound to exclude international factors from the analysis of transitions and that there is considerable evidence pointing in the direction of the central role they have.
http://doras.dcu.ie/473/
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Continuity and change in party positions towards Europe in Italian parties: an examination of parties' manifestos
(2004)
Kritzinger, Sylvia; Cavatorta, Francesco; Chari, Raj S.
Continuity and change in party positions towards Europe in Italian parties: an examination of parties' manifestos
(2004)
Kritzinger, Sylvia; Cavatorta, Francesco; Chari, Raj S.
Abstract:
This paper analyses Italian parties' manifestos for national and European elections from 1979 to 1999 with the 'Wordscore' programme in order to gauge whether party positions with regard to the European Union have changed and whether the salience of the European Union has increased. Results indicate that, although there is no sign of increased salience, the leading Italian political parties have repositioned themselves in their attitudes towards the European Union, indicating that the European political space matters for national parties.
http://doras.dcu.ie/485/
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Economic actors' political activity in 'overlap issues': privatisation and EU state aid control
(2002)
Chari, Raj S.; Cavatorta, Francesco
Economic actors' political activity in 'overlap issues': privatisation and EU state aid control
(2002)
Chari, Raj S.; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
This paper considers the political activity of economic actors in what we refer to as ‘overlap issues.’ Such issues consist of two separate, but related, domestic and supranational decisions that are taken at both levels of European governance. Examined here are the domestic level privatisation policy-making processes in Spain, France and Ireland, and the subsequent European Commission decisions on the state aids given during the sales. The research argues that although the influence of economic actors is crucial in understanding the domestic-level privatisation aid negotiations, such actors’ participation is absent in the supranational decision-making process that witnessed all the aids being approved. In order to explain this limited political activity of firms at the EU-level, attention is focused on both the role of the member state and the paradoxes in EU policies that simultaneously guide and constrain the Commission from making a decision against capital. The conclusions situ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/470/
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EU external policy-making and the case of Morocco: 'Realistically' dealing with authoritarianism?
(2008)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Chari, Raj S.; Kritzinger, Sylvia; Gomez Arana, Arantza
EU external policy-making and the case of Morocco: 'Realistically' dealing with authoritarianism?
(2008)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Chari, Raj S.; Kritzinger, Sylvia; Gomez Arana, Arantza
Abstract:
The literature on the external relations of the EU often emphasises the normative nature of the Union’s policies. It follows that specific policy initiatives such as the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) are then assessed according to normative parameters. This paper challenges this assumption and argues that a realist interpretation of the Union–s external policies contributes to a better understanding of what the EU does abroad. In order to substantiate such theoretical claims, the paper analyses in detail the EU’s relations with the authoritarian state of Morocco and highlights how realist concerns dominate the Union’s preoccupations to the detriment of the normative values it espouses on paper. The paper concludes by arguing that if a different theoretical framework from the mainstream normative one is used to assess the Union’s policies, the outcome of this assessment changes quite radically. In the case of EMP, for instance, we claim that the Union has been rather successfu...
http://doras.dcu.ie/482/
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EU–MENA relations from the Barcelona process to the Arab uprisings
(2014)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Rivetti, Paola
EU–MENA relations from the Barcelona process to the Arab uprisings
(2014)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Rivetti, Paola
Abstract:
Irrespective of their final outcome, the Arab uprisings have changed the region profoundly with important consequences for external actors as well. Since 1995, the European Union has been extremely active in the Middle East and North Africa with a number of policies put in place to achieve often contrasting objectives. The uprisings have exposed the problems affecting these polices and have led the EU to rethink regional relations. The scholarship on EU-MENA relations has provided over time numerous and powerful insights into the workings, shortcomings and success of the EU in the region, but the uprisings demand a radical change in the way in which the MENA is approached. This review article looks at the contribution that the scholarship has made in this field and suggests a new research agenda, which could lead to better informed and more effective policy-making.
http://doras.dcu.ie/23160/
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Finding a party and losing some friends: overcoming the weaknesses of the prime ministerial figure in Italy
(2004)
O'Malley, Eoin; Cavatorta, Francesco
Finding a party and losing some friends: overcoming the weaknesses of the prime ministerial figure in Italy
(2004)
O'Malley, Eoin; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
Silvio Berlusconi poses a problem for the existing literature on prime ministers and their power. Though Italian prime ministers are traditionally seen as weak, Berlusconi has been able to achieve some remarkable policy gains during his current term as prime minister. This article uses veto player theory and combines it with existing institutional and political explanations for variation in prime ministerial power to look at this challenging case. By looking at the number of veto players in the Italian system, and their ability to credibly use their veto against Berlusconi, an explanation is posited which can accommodate the exceptionalism of his second term in office. Despite the emphasis on his control of the media, we conclude that Berlusconi's power stems from more traditional political factors. The authors argue that Berlusconi's coalition and party allies have no choice but to accept his will and his decisions, as any alternatives are less appealing.
http://doras.dcu.ie/486/
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Forgetting democratization? Recasting power and authority in a plural Muslim world
(2006)
Volpi, Frédéric; Cavatorta, Francesco
Forgetting democratization? Recasting power and authority in a plural Muslim world
(2006)
Volpi, Frédéric; Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/476/
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Functions of political trust in authoritarian settings
(2017)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
Functions of political trust in authoritarian settings
(2017)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/23177/
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Geopolitical challenges to the success of democracy in North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
(2001)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Geopolitical challenges to the success of democracy in North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
(2001)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
The promotion of democracy in developing countries has been at the top of the foreign policy agenda of most western countries in the last decade. This stems from the liberal sentiment that the spread of democracy is the basis for international peace. However, the continuities of power politics outnumber the novelties of the international environment. This paper argues that processes of democratisation cannot be simply understood in light of the role of new concepts such as international legal norms, liberal ideals and economic globalization. Geopolitical understanding is key to explaining both failures and successes of democratizations. The paper highlights how western promotion of democracy is in fact the pursuit of selfish interests and democracy is a criterion that powerful countries apply to serve their national interest. This can be clearly witnessed when accounting for western policies in the Maghreb where the west supports brutal authoritarian regimes for geopolitical benefi...
http://doras.dcu.ie/469/
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Introduction: Diverging or converging dynamics? EU and US policies in North Africa - an introduction
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Durac, Vincent
Introduction: Diverging or converging dynamics? EU and US policies in North Africa - an introduction
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Durac, Vincent
Abstract:
According to a number of scholars of international relations, the transatlantic relationship is going through a very significant and possibly irreversible crisis. It is claimed that the different reactions of the United States and the European Union to both September 11th and the war in Iraq were the catalyst for a rift that had been deepening for some time, leading to competition between the two actors. The literature on the foreign policy of the US and the EU in the Middle East and North Africa also points to this rift in order to explain the seemingly contradictory policies that the two actors implement in the region, with the US being more forceful in its attempts to export democracy and in supporting Israel while the EU adopts a less confrontational attitude and is perceived to be more friendly to the Palestinians. This article, which introduces a special issue on the nature of US and EU foreign policies in North Africa, argues on the contrary that the transatlantic rift does n...
http://doras.dcu.ie/483/
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Iranian student activism between authoritarianism and democratization: patterns of conflict and cooperation between the Office for the Strengthening of Unity and the regime
(2012)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
Iranian student activism between authoritarianism and democratization: patterns of conflict and cooperation between the Office for the Strengthening of Unity and the regime
(2012)
Rivetti, Paola; Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/23161/
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Is There Strength in Numbers?
(2015)
Pellicer, Miquel; Wegner, Eva; Cavatorta, Francesco
Is There Strength in Numbers?
(2015)
Pellicer, Miquel; Wegner, Eva; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
Studies of the Middle East and North Africa have very often relied on qualitative methodologies to understand and explain the politics of the region. In fact it could be argued that Middle East specialists have tended to shy away purposefully from engaging with quantitative methods because of the perceived ‘exceptionalism’ of the region in terms of the gathering and reliability of hard data. This article makes the case for increasing engagement with quantitative methodologies in order for studies on the Middle East to better 'speak' to comparative politics more broadly. Far from downplaying the significance and contribution of qualitative methods, this article encourages scholars to integrate them with quantitative methods that have been more recently developed to provide a fuller picture of politics in the region
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/12812/
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Liberal outcomes through undemocratic means: the reform of the Code de statut personnel in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Dalmasso, Emanuela
Liberal outcomes through undemocratic means: the reform of the Code de statut personnel in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Dalmasso, Emanuela
Abstract:
The 2004 reform of the family code in Morocco has been held as one of the most significant liberal reforms undertaken in the country, and has led scholars and policy makers to argue that this demonstrates the democratic progress Morocco and the King are making. At the same time, the role of the women's movement in getting the reform approved has seemingly confirmed that associational life is crucial in promoting democratisation. This paper, building on theoretical work questioning the linkage between a strong civil society and democratic outcomes, argues that civil society activism does not necessarily lead to democratisation, and may reinforce authoritarian practices. Far from demonstrating the centrality of civil society, the process through which the new family code was passed highlights the crucial institutional role of the monarch, whose individual decision-making power has driven the whole process. Authoritarianism finds itself strengthened in Morocco despite the liberal ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15759/
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More than repression: the significance of Divide et Impera in the Middle East and North Africa - the case of Morocco
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco
More than repression: the significance of Divide et Impera in the Middle East and North Africa - the case of Morocco
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/477/
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Neither participation nor revolution: the strategy of the Moroccan Jamiat al-Adl wal-Ihsan
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Neither participation nor revolution: the strategy of the Moroccan Jamiat al-Adl wal-Ihsan
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
Scholars and students of Islamist movements are divided over the issue of Islamists' commitment to democracy and a number of studies have attempted to discover the true nature of Islamist parties. This paper rejects this approach and argues that the behaviour of Islamist parties can be better understood through an analysis of the constraints and opportunities that their surrounding environment provides. Specifically, the paper aims at explaining the choice of the Moroccan Jamiat al-Adl wal-Ihsan neither to participate in institutional politics nor to undertake violent actions to transform the regime. This is done through an examination of its relations with the other political actors. The paper argues that Jamiat al-Adl wal-Ihsan's behaviour is as much the product of rational thinking as it is of ideology and provides evidence to support this claim. Such findings are important not only in the Moroccan context, but contribute to a growing literature claiming that Islamist m...
http://doras.dcu.ie/478/
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Normative foundations in EU foreign, security and defence policy: the case of the Middle East peace process — a view from the field
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Tonra, Ben
Normative foundations in EU foreign, security and defence policy: the case of the Middle East peace process — a view from the field
(2007)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Tonra, Ben
http://doras.dcu.ie/479/
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Political Islam in Morocco: negotiating the Kingdom’s liberal space
(2011)
Dalmasso, Emanuela; Cavatorta, Francesco
Political Islam in Morocco: negotiating the Kingdom’s liberal space
(2011)
Dalmasso, Emanuela; Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
The uprisings of the Arab spring have highlighted the weakness of traditional opposition actors which have been unable to predict and lead the revolutions. This paper, focusing on the case of Morocco, examines how the discourses and practices of the regime shaped the complex field of Political Islam, contributing to two distinct but interlinked phenomena. On the one hand, they have managed to lead Islamists and seculars to overcome many of their previous divisions to sustain common battles in the name of democracy and human rights. On the other they have deepened rifts and divisions among Islamists themselves on the crucial issue of political reforms.
http://doras.dcu.ie/16713/
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Political Islam in Morocco: negotiating the liberal space post 2003
(2011)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Emanuela, Dalmasso
Political Islam in Morocco: negotiating the liberal space post 2003
(2011)
Cavatorta, Francesco; Emanuela, Dalmasso
http://doras.dcu.ie/16302/
Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 41 on page 1 of 2
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