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Author = Kelly, Daniel;
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Displaying Results 26 - 50 of 124 on page 2 of 5
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Biomaterial-based endochondral bone regeneration: A shift from traditional tissue engineering paradigms to developmentally inspired strategies
(2019)
Kelly, Daniel; Sheehy, Eamon J.; O'Brien, Fergal J.
Biomaterial-based endochondral bone regeneration: A shift from traditional tissue engineering paradigms to developmentally inspired strategies
(2019)
Kelly, Daniel; Sheehy, Eamon J.; O'Brien, Fergal J.
Abstract:
There is an urgent, clinical need for an alternative to the use of autologous grafts for the ever increasing number of bone grafting procedures performed annually. Herein, we describe a developmentally inspired approach to bone tissue engineering, which focuses on leveraging biomaterials as platforms for recapitulating the process of endochondral ossification. To begin, we describe the traditional biomaterial-based approaches to tissue engineering that have been investigated as methods to promote in vivo bone regeneration, including the use of three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds, the delivery of growth factors and recombinant proteins, and the in vitro engineering of mineralized bone-like tissue. Thereafter, we suggest that some of the hurdles encountered by these traditional tissue engineering approaches may be circumvented by modulating the endochondral route to bone repair and, to that end, we assess various biomaterials that can be used in combination with cells and signaling...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91273
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Biomechanics of ossiculoplasty
(2003)
KELLY, DANIEL; PRENDERGAST, PATRICK JOHN
Biomechanics of ossiculoplasty
(2003)
KELLY, DANIEL; PRENDERGAST, PATRICK JOHN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Many different designs of prostheses are available for middle ear surgery. Clinical comparisons of such prostheses are often difficult because of the large number of variables involved in the clinical outcome; including the skill of the surgeon or patient variability. In an attempt to compare the performance of four different middle ear implants (Kurz Bell-Tubingen, Kurz Aerial-Tubingen, Xomed no.0362, Xomed no. 0321), a finite element model of the middle ear before and after ossiculoplasty was developed, based on a micro CT scan of the ossicles. The response of each prosthesis was different and could be related in part to the design of the prosthesis or its location within the middle ear. This study shows how finite element modelling might be used in optimizing the design of new middle ear prostheses.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/29086
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Cell-matrix interactions regulate mesenchymal stem cell response to hydrostatic pressure
(2012)
STEWARD, ANDREW; KELLY, DANIEL; THORPE, STEPHEN; BUCKLEY, CONOR
Cell-matrix interactions regulate mesenchymal stem cell response to hydrostatic pressure
(2012)
STEWARD, ANDREW; KELLY, DANIEL; THORPE, STEPHEN; BUCKLEY, CONOR
Abstract:
Both hydrostatic pressure (HP) and cell-matrix interactions have independently been shown to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the response of MSCs to hydrostatic pressure will depend on the biomaterial within which the cells are encapsulated. Bone marrow derived MSCs were seeded into either agarose or fibrin hydrogels and exposed to 10 MPa of cyclic HP (1 Hz, 4 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks) in the presence of either 1 or 10 ng/ml TGF-?3. Agarose hydrogels were found to support a spherical cellular morphology, while MSCs seeded into fibrin hydrogels attached and spread, with clear stress fiber formation. Hydrogel contraction was also observed in MSC-fibrin constructs. While agarose hydrogels better supported chondrogenesis of MSCs, HP only enhanced sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) accumulation in fibrin hydrogels, which correlated with a reduction in fibrin contraction. HP also...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/63820
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Chondrocyte based Intraoperative Processing Strategies for the Biological Augmentation of a Polyurethane Meniscal Replacement
(2017)
Buckley, Conor; Kelly, Daniel
Chondrocyte based Intraoperative Processing Strategies for the Biological Augmentation of a Polyurethane Meniscal Replacement
(2017)
Buckley, Conor; Kelly, Daniel
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82262
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Chondrogenesis and integration of mesenchymal stem cells within an in vitro cartilage defect repair model
(2009)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL; VINARDELL, TATIANA
Chondrogenesis and integration of mesenchymal stem cells within an in vitro cartilage defect repair model
(2009)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL; VINARDELL, TATIANA
Abstract:
Integration of repair tissue is a key indicator of the long-term success of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and integration of agarose hydrogels seeded with either chondrocytes or bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in defects created in cartilage explants. Chondrocytes and MSCs were isolated from porcine donors, suspended in 2% agarose and then injected into cylindrical defects within the explants. These constructs were maintained in a chemically defined medium supplemented with 10 ng/ml of TGF-?3. Cartilage integration was assessed by histology and mechanical push-out tests. After 6 weeks in culture, chondrocyte seeded constructs demonstrated a higher integration strength (64.4 ? 8.3 kPa) compared to MSC seeded constructs (22.7 ? 5.9 kPa). GAG (1.27 ? 0.3 kPa vs 0.19 ? 0.03 kPa) and collagen (0.31 ? 0.08 kPa vs 0.09 ? 0.01 kPa) accumulation in chondrocyte seeded constructs...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/39342
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Combining BMP-6, TGF-β3 and hydrostatic pressure stimulation enhances the functional development of cartilage tissues engineered using human infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells
(2013)
Kelly, Daniel; Buckley, Conor
Combining BMP-6, TGF-β3 and hydrostatic pressure stimulation enhances the functional development of cartilage tissues engineered using human infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells
(2013)
Kelly, Daniel; Buckley, Conor
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to identify a combination of growth factors that could be used with hydrostatic pressure (HP) stimulation to enhance the functional development of cartilaginous grafts engineered using human infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells (FPSCs) isolated from osteoarthritic patients. Agarose hydrogels were first seeded with FPSCs at different seeding densities and maintained in a chondrogenic media supplemented with TGF-?3. It was found that chondrogenesis of human FPSCs in hydrogel culture is dependent on the cell seeding density (10 versus 30 million cells per ml), with greater sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen synthesis (normalised to DNA content) observed at higher seeding densities. Additional supplementation with BMP-6 was found to augment cartilage-specific matrix synthesis, also in a cell seeding density dependent manner, increasing both cell proliferation and sGAG synthesis in constructs seeded at higher densities, but having no signi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/67733
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Combining freshly isolated chondroprogenitor cells from the infrapatellar fat pad with a growth factor delivery hydrogel as a putative single stage therapy for articular cartilage repair
(2014)
AHEARNE, MARK; KELLY, DANIEL
Combining freshly isolated chondroprogenitor cells from the infrapatellar fat pad with a growth factor delivery hydrogel as a putative single stage therapy for articular cartilage repair
(2014)
AHEARNE, MARK; KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
Growth factor delivery systems incorporating chondroprogenitor cells are an attractive potential treatment option for damaged cartilage. The rapid isolation, processing, and implantation of therapeutically relevant numbers of autologous chondroprogenitor cells, all performed "in-theatre" during a single surgical procedure, would significantly accelerate the clinical translation of such tissue engineered implants by avoiding the time, financial and regulatory challenges associated with in vitro cell expansion, and differentiation. The first objective of this study was to explore if rapid adherence to a specific substrate could be used as a simple means to quickly identify a subpopulation of chondroprogenitor cells from freshly digested infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) tissue. Adhesion of cells to tissue culture plastic within 30?min was examined as a mechanism of isolating subpopulations of cells from the freshly digested IFP. CD90, a cell surface marker associated with cell adh...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/75544
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Composition-function relations of cartilaginous tissues engineered from chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and infrapatellar fat pad
(2011)
KELLY, DANIEL; BUCKLEY, CONOR; VINARDELL, TATIANA
Composition-function relations of cartilaginous tissues engineered from chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and infrapatellar fat pad
(2011)
KELLY, DANIEL; BUCKLEY, CONOR; VINARDELL, TATIANA
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to determine the functional properties of cartilaginous tissues generated by porcine MSCs isolated from different tissue sources, and to compare these properties to those derived from chondrocytes (CC). MSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM) and infrapatellar fat pad (FP), while CC were harvested from the articular surface of the femoro-patellar joint. Culture-expanded CC and MSCs were encapsulated in agarose hydrogels and cultured in the presence of TGF-?3. Samples were analysed biomechanically, biochemically and histologically at day 0, day 21 and day 42. After 42 days in free swelling culture, mean GAG content was 1.50 % w/w in CC seeded constructs, compared to 0.95 % w/w in FP and 0.43 % w/w in BM seeded constructs. Total collagen accumulation was highest in FP constructs. DNA content increased with time for all the groups. The mechanical functionality of cartilaginous tissues engineered using CCs was superior to that generated from either sourc...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/60816
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Computational Models for the Automatic Learning and Recognition of Irish Sign Language
(2010)
Kelly, Daniel
Computational Models for the Automatic Learning and Recognition of Irish Sign Language
(2010)
Kelly, Daniel
Abstract:
This thesis presents a framework for the automatic recognition of Sign Language sentences. In previous sign language recognition works, the issues of; user independent recognition, movement epenthesis modeling and automatic or weakly supervised training have not been fully addressed in a single recognition framework. This work presents three main contributions in order to address these issues. The first contribution is a technique for user independent hand posture recognition. We present a novel eigenspace Size Function feature which is implemented to perform user independent recognition of sign language hand postures. The second contribution is a framework for the classification and spotting of spatiotemporal gestures which appear in sign language. We propose a Gesture Threshold Hidden Markov Model (GT-HMM) to classify gestures and to identify movement epenthesis without the need for explicit epenthesis training. The third contribution is a framework to train the hand posture and s...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/2437/
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Computational simulation methodologies for mechanobiological modelling: a cell-centred approach to neointima development in stents.
(2010)
PRENDERGAST, PATRICK; LENNON, ALEXANDER; KELLY, DANIEL; BOYLE, COLIN; EARLY, MICHAEL; L...
Computational simulation methodologies for mechanobiological modelling: a cell-centred approach to neointima development in stents.
(2010)
PRENDERGAST, PATRICK; LENNON, ALEXANDER; KELLY, DANIEL; BOYLE, COLIN; EARLY, MICHAEL; LALLY, CAITRIONA
Abstract:
The design of medical devices could be very much improved if robust tools were available for computational simulation of tissue response to the presence of the implant. Such tools require algorithms to simulate the response of tissues to mechanical and chemical stimuli. Available methodologies include those based on the principle of mechanical homeostasis, those which use continuum models to simulate biological constituents, and the cell-centred approach, which models cells as autonomous agents. In the latter approach, cell behaviour is governed by rules based on the state of the local environment around the cell; and informed by experiment. Tissue growth and differentiation requires simulating many of these cells together. In this paper, the methodology and applications of cell-centred techniques?with particular application to mechanobiology?are reviewed, and a cell-centred model of tissue formation in the lumen of an artery in response to the deployment of a stent is presented. Th...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/39846
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Continuous recognition of motion based gestures in sign language
(2009)
Kelly, Daniel; McDonald, John; Markham, Charles
Continuous recognition of motion based gestures in sign language
(2009)
Kelly, Daniel; McDonald, John; Markham, Charles
Abstract:
We present a novel and robust system for recognizing two handed motion based gestures performed within continuous sequences of sign language. While recognition of valid sign sequences is an important task in the overall goal of machine recognition of sign language, detection of movement epenthesis is important in the task of continuous recognition of natural sign language. We propose a framework for recognizing valid sign segments and identifying movement epenthesis. Our system utilizes a single HMM threshold model, per hand, to detect movement epenthesis. Further to this, we develop a novel technique to utilize the threshold model and dedicated gesture HMMs to recognize gestures within continuous sign language sentences. Experiments show that our system has a gesture detection ratio of 0.956 and a reliability measure of 0.932 when spotting 8 different signs from 240 video clips.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/8340/
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Controlled Non?Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions
(2018)
Kelly, Daniel
Controlled Non?Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions
(2018)
Kelly, Daniel
Abstract:
Recent advances in the approval and commercialization of gene therapeutics have fostered the return of gene therapy to center stage. But despite new optimism, no Food and Drug Administration approved product exists for the treatment of orthopedic disorders. Non?viral gene delivery is a promising alternative to recombinant protein administration and viral gene transduction for orthopedic tissue engineering. When applied using appropriately designed systems, it enables temporal control of the overexpression of therapeutic genes, leading to local production of regulatory factors at physiologically relevant levels. Incorporating genetic material into 3D scaffold biomaterials, that is, gene activated scaffolds or hydrogels, presents a particular opportunity to utilize non?viral gene therapy for in situ transfection of host cells and the regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. But controlled non?viral gene delivery for musculoskeletal regeneration depends on a multifactorial design in...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95622
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Controlled release of transforming growth factor-?3 from cartilage-extra-cellular-matrix-derived scaffolds to promote chondrogenesis of human-joint-tissue-derived stem cells.
(2014)
KELLY, DANIEL; O'BRIEN, FERGAL; CUNNIFFE, GR?INNE
Controlled release of transforming growth factor-?3 from cartilage-extra-cellular-matrix-derived scaffolds to promote chondrogenesis of human-joint-tissue-derived stem cells.
(2014)
KELLY, DANIEL; O'BRIEN, FERGAL; CUNNIFFE, GR?INNE
Abstract:
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a scaffold derived from cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) that could be used as a growth factor delivery system to promote chondrogenesis of stem cells. Dehyd rothermal crosslinked scaffolds were fabricated using a slurry of homogenized porcine articular cartilage, which were then seeded with human infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells (FPSCs). It was found that these ECM derived scaffolds promoted superior c hondrogenesis of FPSCs when the constructs were additionally stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF) - ?3. Cell mediated contraction of the scaffold was observed, which could be limited by the additional use of 1 - Ethyl - 3 - 3dimethyl aminopropyl carbod iimide (EDAC) crosslinking without suppressing cartilage specific matrix accumulation within the construct. To further validate the utility of the ECM derived scaffold, we next compared its chondro - permissive properties to a biomimetic collagen - hyaluro...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72871
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Couple-based psychosexual support following prostate cancer surgery: results of a feasibility pilot randomized control trial
(2018)
Robertson, Jane; McNamee, Phillip; Molloy, Gerry; Hubbard, Gill; McNeill, Alan; Bollina...
Couple-based psychosexual support following prostate cancer surgery: results of a feasibility pilot randomized control trial
(2018)
Robertson, Jane; McNamee, Phillip; Molloy, Gerry; Hubbard, Gill; McNeill, Alan; Bollina, Prasad; Kelly, Daniel; Forbat, Liz
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13671
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Coupling freshly isolated CD44+ infrapatellar fat pad derived stromal cells with a tgf-β3 eluting cartilage ecm-derived scaffold as a single stage strategy for promoting chondrogenesis.
(2015)
KELLY, DANIEL; VINARDELL, TATIANA; BUCKLEY, CONOR
Coupling freshly isolated CD44+ infrapatellar fat pad derived stromal cells with a tgf-β3 eluting cartilage ecm-derived scaffold as a single stage strategy for promoting chondrogenesis.
(2015)
KELLY, DANIEL; VINARDELL, TATIANA; BUCKLEY, CONOR
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82240
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Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes A Stable Cartilage Phenotype And Enhances The Functional Development Of Cartilaginous Grafts Engineered Using Multipotent Stromal Cells Isolated From Bone Marrow And Infrapatellar Fat Pad.
(2014)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL
Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes A Stable Cartilage Phenotype And Enhances The Functional Development Of Cartilaginous Grafts Engineered Using Multipotent Stromal Cells Isolated From Bone Marrow And Infrapatellar Fat Pad.
(2014)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate how joint specific biomechanical loading influences the functional development and phenotypic stability of cartilage grafts engineered in vitro using stem/progenitor cells isolated from different source tissues. Porcine bone marrow derived multipotent stromal cells (BMSCs) and infrapatellar fat pad derived multipotent stromal cells (FPSCs) were seeded in agarose hydrogels and cultured in chondrogenic medium, while simultaneously subjected to 10 MPa of cyclic hydrostatic pressure (HP). To mimic the endochondral phenotype observed in vivo with cartilaginous tissues engineered using BMSCs, the culture media was additionally supplemented with hypertrophic factors, while the loss of phenotype observed in vivo with FPSCs was induced by withdrawing transforming growth factor (TGF)-?3 from the media. The application of HP was found to enhance the functional development of cartilaginous tissues engineered using both BMSCs and FPSCs. In addition,...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/68228
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Defining the impaction frequency and threshold force required for femoral impaction grafting in revision hip arthroplasty. A human cadaveric mechanical study.
(2011)
O'REILLY, PETER; KELLY, DANIEL
Defining the impaction frequency and threshold force required for femoral impaction grafting in revision hip arthroplasty. A human cadaveric mechanical study.
(2011)
O'REILLY, PETER; KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The two most common complications of femoral impaction bone grafting are femoral fracture and massive implant subsidence. We investigated fracture forces and implant subsidence rates in embalmed human femurs undergoing impaction grafting. The study consisted of two arms, the first examining the force at which femoral fracture occurs in the embalmed human femur, and the second examining whether significant graft implant/subsidence occurs following impaction at a set force at two different impaction frequencies. METHODS: Using a standardized impaction grafting technique with modifications, an initial group of 17 femurs underwent complete destructive impaction testing, allowing sequentially increased, controlled impaction forces to be applied until femoral fracture occurred. A second group of 8 femurs underwent impaction bone grafting at constant force, at an impaction frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. An Exeter stem was cemented into the neomedullary canals. These co...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/60181
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Deformation simulation of cells seeded on a collagen-GAG scaffold in a flow perfusion bioreactor using a sequential 3D CFD-elastostatics model.
(2009)
KELLY, DANIEL
Deformation simulation of cells seeded on a collagen-GAG scaffold in a flow perfusion bioreactor using a sequential 3D CFD-elastostatics model.
(2009)
KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
Tissue-engineered bone shows promise in meeting the huge demand for bone grafts caused by up to 4 million bone replacement procedures per year, worldwide. State-of-the-art bone tissue engineering strategies use flow perfusion bioreactors to apply biophysical stimuli to cells seeded on scaffolds and to grow tissue suitable for implantation into the patient's body. The aim of this study was to quantify the deformation of cells seeded on a collagen-GAG scaffold which was perfused by culture medium inside a flow perfusion bioreactor. Using a ?CT scan of an unseeded collagen-GAG scaffold, a sequential 3D CFD-deformation model was developed. The wall shear stress and the hydrostatic wall pressure acting on the cells were computed through the use of a CFD simulation and fed into a linear elastostatics model in order to calculate the deformation of the cells. The model used numerically seeded cells of two common morphologies where cells are either attached flatly on the scaffold wall o...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/29107
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Design Considerations in Therapeutic Exergaming
(2011)
Doyle, Julie; Kelly, Daniel; Caulfield, B.
Design Considerations in Therapeutic Exergaming
(2011)
Doyle, Julie; Kelly, Daniel; Caulfield, B.
Abstract:
In this paper we discuss the importance of feedback in therapeutic exergaming. It is widely believed that exergaming benefits the patient in terms of encouraging adherence and boosting the patient’s confidence of correct execution and feedback is essential in achieving these. However, feedback and in particular visual feedback, may also have potential negative effects on the quality of the exercise. We describe in this paper a prototype single-sensor therapeutic exergame that we have developed and provide some preliminary user feedback regarding enjoyment and perceived competence when using the exergame compared to exercising without the exergame. Our results indicate that all participants found exercising with the game more enjoyable. However, additional work is needed to increase participants’ confidence in their correct execution of the exercise.
http://eprints.dkit.ie/551/
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Development of a New Bone-Mimetic Surface Treatment Platform: Nanoneedle Hydroxyapatite (nnHA) Coating
(2020)
Hoey, David; Kelly, Daniel
Development of a New Bone-Mimetic Surface Treatment Platform: Nanoneedle Hydroxyapatite (nnHA) Coating
(2020)
Hoey, David; Kelly, Daniel
Abstract:
The hierarchical structure of bone plays pivotal roles in driving cell behavior and tissue regeneration and must be considered when designing materials for orthopedic applications. Herein, it is aimed to recapitulate the native bone environment by using melt electrowriting to fabricate fibrous microarchitectures which are modified with plate?shaped (pHA) or novel nanoneedle?shaped (nnHA) crystals. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X?ray diffraction demonstrate that these coatings replicate the nanostructure and composition of native bone. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) mineralization is significantly increased fivefold with pHA scaffolds and 14?fold with nnHA scaffolds. Given the protein stabilizing properties of mineral, these materials are further functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). nnHA treatment facilitates controlled release of BMP2 which further enhance MSC mineral deposi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94800
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Dynamic compression can inhibit chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.
(2008)
VINARDELL, TATIANA; KELLY, DANIEL; CAMPBELL, VERONICA ANN; BUCKLEY, CONOR TIMOTHY
Dynamic compression can inhibit chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.
(2008)
VINARDELL, TATIANA; KELLY, DANIEL; CAMPBELL, VERONICA ANN; BUCKLEY, CONOR TIMOTHY
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dynamic compressive loading on chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of TGF-?3. Isolated porcine MSCs were suspended in 2% agarose and subjected to intermittent dynamic compression (10% strain) for a period of 42 days in a dynamic compression bioreactor. After 42 days in culture, the free-swelling specimens exhibited more intense alcian blue staining for proteoglycans, while immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased collagen type II immunoreactivity. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content increased with time for both free-swelling and dynamically loaded constructs, and by day 42 it was significantly higher in both the core (2.5 ? 0.21%w/w vs. 0.94 ? 0.03%w/w) and annulus (1.09 ? 0.09%w/w vs. 0.59 ? 0.08%w/w) of free-swelling constructs compared to dynamically loaded constructs. This result suggests that further optimization is required in controlling the biomechanical and/or the biochemical envi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/29030
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Ecology and mode-of-life explain lifespan variation in birds and mammals.
(2014)
KELLY, DANIEL
Ecology and mode-of-life explain lifespan variation in birds and mammals.
(2014)
KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
Maximum lifespan in birds and mammals varies strongly with body mass such that large species tend to live longer than smaller species. However, many species live far longer than expected given their body mass. This may reflect interspecific variation in extrinsic mortality, as life-history theory predicts investment in long-term survival is under positive selection when extrinsic mortality is reduced. Here, we investigate how multiple ecological and mode-of-life traits that should reduce extrinsic mortality (including volancy (flight capability), activity period, foraging environment and fossoriality), simultaneously influence lifespan across endotherms. Using novel phylogenetic comparative analyses and to our knowledge, the most species analysed to date (n = 1368), we show that, over and above the effect of body mass, the most important factor enabling longer lifespan is the ability to fly. Within volant species, lifespan depended upon when (day, night, dusk or dawn), but not where...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/75512
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Effect of a degraded core on the mechanical behaviour of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs: a poro-elastic finite element analysis
(2004)
KELLY, DANIEL; PRENDERGAST, PATRICK JOHN
Effect of a degraded core on the mechanical behaviour of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs: a poro-elastic finite element analysis
(2004)
KELLY, DANIEL; PRENDERGAST, PATRICK JOHN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The structure and functionality of tissue-engineered cartilage is determined by the tissue culture conditions and mechanical conditioning during growth. The quality of tissue-engineered cartilage can be evaluated using tests such as the confined compression test. Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs usually consist of an outer layer of cartilage and an inner core of either undeveloped cartilage or degrading scaffold material. A biphasic poro-elastic finite element model was used to demonstrate how such a core influences the reaction force-time curve obtained from a confined compression test. The finite element model predicted that higher volumes of degraded scaffold in the inner core would reduce the aggregate modulus calculated from the confined compression test and raised the estimate of tissue permeability. The predicted aggregate modulus reduced from 0.135 MPa, for a homogenous construct, to 0.068 MPa, for a construct that was only 70% cartilaginous. It was...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/29047
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Engineering cartilage or endochondral bone: A comparison of different naturally derived hydrogels.
(2015)
VINARDELL, TATIANA; KELLY, DANIEL
Engineering cartilage or endochondral bone: A comparison of different naturally derived hydrogels.
(2015)
VINARDELL, TATIANA; KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
Cartilaginous tissues engineered using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to generate bone in vivo by executing an endochondral programme. This may hinder the use of MSCs for articular cartilage regeneration, but opens the possibility of using engineered cartilaginous tissues for large bone defect repair. Hydrogels may be an attractive tool in the scaling-up of such tissue engineered grafts for endochondral bone regeneration. In this study, we compared the capacity of different naturally derived hydrogels (alginate, chitosan and fibrin) to support chondrogenesis and hypertrophy of MSCs in vitro and endochondral ossification in vivo. In vitro, alginate and chitosan constructs accumulated the highest levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), with chitosan constructs synthesizing the highest levels of collagen. Alginate and fibrin constructs supported the greatest degree of calcium accumulation, though only fibrin constructs calcified homogeneously. In vivo, chitosan cons...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72485
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Engineering of large cartilaginous constructs through the use of microchanneled hydrogels and rotational culture
(2009)
Kelly, Daniel; Buckley, Conor
Engineering of large cartilaginous constructs through the use of microchanneled hydrogels and rotational culture
(2009)
Kelly, Daniel; Buckley, Conor
Abstract:
The development of functional engineered cartilaginous tissues of sufficient size that can be used clinically to treat large defects remains a major and significant challenge. This study investigated if the introduction of microchannels into chondrocyte-seeded agarose hydrogels would result in the formation of a superior and more homogenous cartilaginous tissue due to enhanced nutrient transport. Microchannel construct cylinders were fabricated via a moulding process utilising a pillared structure to create the required architecture. Constructs were subjected to either constant rotation in a rotational bioreactor system or free swelling conditions. After 28 days of free swelling culture the presence of microchannels did not enhance GAG accumulation within the core of the construct compared to solid constructs (0.317 ? 0.002 % w/w vs. 0.401 ? 0.020 % w/w). However under dynamically rotating conditions, GAG accumulation in the cores (1.165 ? 0.132 % w/w) of microchannel constructs wer...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/41118
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