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Author = Mills, Kingston;
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 110 on page 1 of 5
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?? T cells and NK cells ? Distinct Pathogenic Roles as Innate-Like Immune Cells in CNS Autoimmunity.
(2015)
MILLS, KINGSTON
?? T cells and NK cells ? Distinct Pathogenic Roles as Innate-Like Immune Cells in CNS Autoimmunity.
(2015)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in progressive cognitive decline and physical disability. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS that has been used to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CNS inflammation and autoimmunity. Since the discovery of IL-17-sereting CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells) over 10 years ago, these cells have been the main focus of attention as mediators of pathology in MS and EAE (1, 2). However, in recent years evidence has emerged that lymphocytes with innate-like properties are potent producers of IL-17 and related pro-inflammatory cytokines (3?6). ?? T cells, NKT, and innate lymphoid cells have been shown to be major sources of IL-17 in host control of a variety of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. However, dysregulation of these innate-like lymphocytes can also result in severe pathology in EAE and other mo...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/77420
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A crucial role for IL-1 in the induction of IL-17 producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis
(2006)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
A crucial role for IL-1 in the induction of IL-17 producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis
(2006)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
It was recently demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-23?driven IL-17?producing (ThIL-17) T cells mediate inflammatory pathology in certain autoimmune diseases. We show that the induction of antigen-specific ThIL-17 cells, but not T helper (Th)1 or Th2 cells, by immunization with antigens and adjuvants is abrogated in IL-1 receptor type I?deficient (IL-1RI?/?) mice. Furthermore, the incidence of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was significantly lower in IL-1RI?/? compared with wild-type mice, and this correlated with a failure to induce autoantigen-specific ThIL-17 cells, whereas induction of Th1 and Th2 responses was not substantially different. However, EAE was induced in IL-1RI?/? mice by adoptive transfer of autoantigen-specific cells from wild-type mice with EAE. IL-23 alone did not induce IL-17 production by T cells from IL-1RI?/? mice, and IL-23?induced IL-17 production was substantially enhanced by IL-1? or IL-1?, even in the absence of T cell receptor stimulati...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33211
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A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The results of phase 3 efficacy trials have shown that acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. However, despite the advances in vaccine development, clinical trials have not provided significant new information on the mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Classical approaches based on measurement of antibody responses to individual antigens failed to define an immunological correlate of protection. A reliable animal model, predictive of acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccine potency in children, would facilitate an elucidation of the mechanism of immune protection against B. pertussis and would assist in the regulatory control and future development of pertussis vaccines. In this study, we have shown that the rate of B. pertussis clearance following respiratory challenge of immunized mice correlated with vaccine efficacy in children. Using this model together with mice with targeted disr...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33375
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A Pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle-Based Vaccine Induces Lung-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells and Protection against Bordetella pertussis, including Pertactin Deficient Strains
(2019)
Mills, Kingston
A Pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle-Based Vaccine Induces Lung-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells and Protection against Bordetella pertussis, including Pertactin Deficient Strains
(2019)
Mills, Kingston
Abstract:
Pertussis is a respiratory infectious disease that has been resurged during the last decades. The change from the traditional multi-antigen whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines that consist of a few antigens formulated with alum, appears to be a key factor in the resurgence of pertussis in many countries. Though current aP vaccines have helped to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis, they do not provide durable immunity or adequate protection against the disease caused by the current circulating strains of Bordetella pertussis, which have evolved in the face of the selection pressure induced by the vaccines. Based on the hypothesis that a new vaccine containing multiple antigens could overcome deficiencies in the current aP vaccines, we have designed and characterized a vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicle (OMVs). Here we show that the OMVs vaccine, but not an aP vaccine, protected mice against lung infection wi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94558
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A population of proinflammatory T cells coexpresses ?? and ?? T cell receptors in mice and humans
(2020)
Mills, Kingston; Moran, Barry
A population of proinflammatory T cells coexpresses ?? and ?? T cell receptors in mice and humans
(2020)
Mills, Kingston; Moran, Barry
Abstract:
T cells are classically recognized as distinct subsets that express ?? or ?? TCRs. We identify a novel population of T cells that coexpress ?? and ?? TCRs in mice and humans. These hybrid ??-?? T cells arose in the murine fetal thymus by day 16 of ontogeny, underwent ?? TCR?mediated positive selection into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, and constituted up to 10% of TCR?+ cells in lymphoid organs. They expressed high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-23R and secreted IFN-?, IL-17, and GM-CSF in response to canonically restricted peptide antigens or stimulation with IL-1? and IL-23. Hybrid ??-?? T cells were transcriptomically distinct from conventional ?? T cells and displayed a hyperinflammatory phenotype enriched for chemokine receptors and homing molecules that facilitate migration to sites of inflammation. These proinflammatory T cells promoted bacterial clearance after infection with Staphylococcus aureus and, by licensing encephalitogenic Th17 cells, played a key role in the development of aut...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94573
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A regulatory role for IL-4 in differential inflammatory responses in the lung following infection of mice primed with Th1- or Th2-inducing pertussis vaccines
(2000)
MILLS, KINGSTON
A regulatory role for IL-4 in differential inflammatory responses in the lung following infection of mice primed with Th1- or Th2-inducing pertussis vaccines
(2000)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Protection against infectious pathogens at mucosal surfaces is dependent on local antibody responses, production of inflammatory mediators, and recruitment of immune effector cells to the site of infection. Since Th1 and Th2 cells produce cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, immunization with vaccines that induce these T-cell subtypes may regulate the subsequent inflammatory response to infection. We have demonstrated that immunization of mice with pertussis whole-cell or acellular vaccines (Pw or Pa) selectively induces Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. In this study we have used a murine respiratory-infection model to demonstrate that priming with a Th1- or Th2-inducing pertussis vaccine can influence the local inflammatory response and immune effector cells in the lung following aerosol challenge with Bordetella pertussis. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid taken during the course of B. pertussis infection of naive mice or mice immunized with Pw reveal...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33370
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Activation of mixed glia by A-beta-specific Th1 and Th17 cells and its regulation by Th2 cells
(2010)
MILLS, KINGSTON; MCQUILLAN, KEITH; LYNCH, MARINA
Activation of mixed glia by A-beta-specific Th1 and Th17 cells and its regulation by Th2 cells
(2010)
MILLS, KINGSTON; MCQUILLAN, KEITH; LYNCH, MARINA
Abstract:
Microglia are innate immune cells of the CNS, that act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for antigen-specific T cells and respond to inflammatory stimuli, such as amyloid-beta (A?), resulting in the release of neurotoxic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Astrocytes can also act as APC and modulate the function of microglia. However, the role of distinct T cell subtypes, in particular Th17 cells, in glial activation and subsequent modulatory effects of Th2 cells are poorly understood. Here, we generated A?-specific Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and examined their role in modulating A?-induced activation of microglia in a mixed glial culture, a preparation which mimics the complex APC types in the brain. We demonstrated that mixed glia acted as an effective APC for A?-specific Th1 and Th17 cells. Addition of A?-specific Th2 cells suppressed the A?-induced IFN-? production by Th1 cells and IL-17 production by Th17 cells with glia as the APC. Co-culture of A?-specific Th1 or Th17 cells...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/35748
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Activation of p38 plays a pivotal role in the inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1beta-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation in rat dentate gyrus
(2003)
Lynch, Marina; Kelly, Aine; Mills, Kingston
Activation of p38 plays a pivotal role in the inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1beta-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation in rat dentate gyrus
(2003)
Lynch, Marina; Kelly, Aine; Mills, Kingston
Abstract:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, has been shown to induce profound changes both peripherally and centrally. It has recently been reported that intraperitoneal injection of LPS inhibited long term potentiation (LTP) in perforant path-granule cell synapses and that this effect was coupled with an increase in the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1? (IL-1?). The LPS-induced effects were abrogated by inhibition of caspase-1, suggesting that IL-1? may mediate the effects of LPS. Here we report that the inhibition of LTP induced by LPS and IL-1? was coupled with stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinase p38 in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex and that this effect was abrogated by the p38 inhibitor SB203580, while the effect of LPS was markedly attenuated in C57BL/6 IL-1RI-/- mice. The data also indicate that activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor ?B (NF?B), may play a role, since the inhibi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33331
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Adenosine A(2A) receptors control neuroinflammation and consequent hippocampal neuronal dysfunction.
(2011)
LYNCH, MARINA; MILLS, KINGSTON
Adenosine A(2A) receptors control neuroinflammation and consequent hippocampal neuronal dysfunction.
(2011)
LYNCH, MARINA; MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
The blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) affords a robust neuroprotection in different noxious brain conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying this general neuroprotection are unknown. One possible mechanism could be the control of neuroinflammation that is associated with brain damage, especially because A2AR efficiently control peripheral inflammation. Thus, we tested if the intracerebroventricular injection of a selective A2AR antagonist (SCH58261) would attenuate the changes in the hippocampus triggered by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that induces neuroinflammation through microglia activation. LPS administration triggers an increase in inflammatory mediators like interleukin-1b that causes biochemical changes (p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and caspase 3 activation) contributing to neuronal dysfunction typified by decreased long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation, measured 30 min aft...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/62631
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Adenylate cycalse toxin of Bordetella pertussis inhibits TLR-induced IRF-1 and IRF-8 activation and IL-12 production and enhances IL-10 through MAPK activation in dendritic cells
(2008)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Adenylate cycalse toxin of Bordetella pertussis inhibits TLR-induced IRF-1 and IRF-8 activation and IL-12 production and enhances IL-10 through MAPK activation in dendritic cells
(2008)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis binds to CD11b/CD18 on macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) and confers virulence to the bacteria by subverting innate immune responses of the host. We have previously demonstrated that CyaA promotes the induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in vivo by modulating DC activation. Here, we examine the mechanism of immune subversion, specifically, the modulation of TLR signaling pathways in DC. We found that CyaA synergized with LPS to induce IL-10 mRNA and protein expression in DC but significantly inhibited IL-12p70 production. CyaA enhanced LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK in DC, and inhibitors of p38 MAPK, MEK, or NF-B suppressed IL-10 production in response to LPS and CyaA. However, inhibition of p38 MAPK, MEK, and NF-B did not reverse the inhibitory effect of CyaA on TLR agonist-induced IL-12 production. Furthermore, CyaA suppression of IL-12 was independent of IL-10. In contrast, Cya...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33326
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Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis synergises with lipopolysaccharide to promote innate IL-10 production and enhance the induction of Th2 and regulatory T cells
(2004)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis synergises with lipopolysaccharide to promote innate IL-10 production and enhance the induction of Th2 and regulatory T cells
(2004)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) from Bordetella pertussis can subvert host immune responses allowing bacterial colonization. Here we have examined its adjuvant and immunomodulatory properties and the possible contribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known to be present in purified CyaA preparations. CyaA enhanced antigen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10 production and immunoglobulin G1 antibodies to coadministered antigen in vivo. Antigen-specific CD4+-T-cell clones generated from mice immunized with antigen and CyaA had cytokine profiles characteristic of Th2 or type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells. Since innate immune cells direct the induction of T-cell subtypes, we examined the influence of CyaA on activation of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. CyaA significantly augmented LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-10 and inhibited LPS-driven tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12p70 production from bone marrow-derived DC and macrophages. CyaA also enhanced cell surface exp...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33327
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Altered Expression of Caspases-4 and -5 during Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer - Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.
(2015)
MILLS, KINGSTON; CREAGH, EMMA
Altered Expression of Caspases-4 and -5 during Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer - Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.
(2015)
MILLS, KINGSTON; CREAGH, EMMA
Abstract:
Caspases are a group of proteolytic enzymes involved in the co-ordination of cellular processes, including cellular homeostasis, inflammation and apoptosis. Altered activity of caspases, particularly caspase-1, has been implicated in the development of intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the involvement of two related inflammatory caspase members, caspases-4 and -5, during intestinal homeostasis and disease has not yet been established. This study demonstrates that caspases-4 and -5 are involved in IBD-associated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, we found a clear correlation between stromal caspase-4 and -5 expression levels, inflammation and disease activity in ulcerative colitis patients. Deregulated intestinal inflammation in IBD patients is associated with an increased risk of developing CRC. We found robust expression of caspases-4 and -5 within intestinal epithelial cells, exclus...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/75183
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Alveolar Macrophages Contribute to Respiratory Tolerance by Inducing FoxP3 Expression in Naive T Cells.
(2013)
MILLS, KINGSTON; KEANE, JOSEPH; RUANE, DARREN; COLEMAN, MICHELLE; MORAN, BARRY
Alveolar Macrophages Contribute to Respiratory Tolerance by Inducing FoxP3 Expression in Naive T Cells.
(2013)
MILLS, KINGSTON; KEANE, JOSEPH; RUANE, DARREN; COLEMAN, MICHELLE; MORAN, BARRY
Abstract:
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) from mice and humans have long been known to contribute to maintaining tolerance in the lung. Studies have shown that AMs can induce anergy in CD4+ T cells. Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes have been implicated in AM-mediated tolerance. However, it remains unclear what effect, if any, AMs exert on FoxP3 induction in CD4+ T cells from mice and humans, and whether or not other immunomodulators might play a role. AMs were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from either mice or humans, and cocultured with enriched naive CD4+FoxP3? T cells. We show here for the first time that AMs and AM-conditioned media (AM-CM) from mice and humans induced FoxP3 expression in naive CD4+ T cells in vitro, an outcome that was reversed in part either by inhibiting retinoic acid (RA) binding to its receptor (RAR), or by blocking transforming growth factor (TGF)??1 signaling. A nasal administration of the RAR antagonist reduced the frequencies of CD4+Fox...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72963
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Attenuating regulatory T cell induction by TLR agonists through inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in dendritic cells enhances their efficacy as vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapeutics
(2008)
CONROY, HELEN; FLETCHER, JEAN; LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Attenuating regulatory T cell induction by TLR agonists through inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in dendritic cells enhances their efficacy as vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapeutics
(2008)
CONROY, HELEN; FLETCHER, JEAN; LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
TLR ligands are potent adjuvants and promote Th1 responses to coadministered Ags by inducing innate IL-12 production. We found that TLR ligands also promote the induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T (Treg) cells through p38 MAPK-induced IL-10 production by dendritic cells (DC). Inhibition of p38 suppressed TLR-induced IL-10 and PGE2 and enhanced IL-12 production in DC. Incubation of Ag-pulsed CpG-stimulated DC with a p38 inhibitor suppressed their ability to generate Treg cells, while enhancing induction of Th1 cells. In addition, inhibition of p38 enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of DC pulsed with Ag and CpG and this was associated with an enhanced frequency of IFN--secreting T cells and a reduction of Foxp3+ Treg cells infiltrating the tumors. Furthermore, addition of a p38 inhibitor to a pertussis vaccine formulated with CpG enhanced its protective efficacy in a murine respiratory challenge model. These data demonstrate that the adjuvant activity ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33206
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Atypical disease after Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions in IFN- ? receptor or immunoglobulin Y chain genes
(1997)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Atypical disease after Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions in IFN- ? receptor or immunoglobulin Y chain genes
(1997)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Using a murine respiratory challenge model we have previously demonstrated a role for Th1 cells in natural immunity against Bordetella pertussis, but could not rule out a role for antibody. Here we have demonstrated that B. pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for the IFN-? receptor resulted in an atypical disseminated disease which was lethal in a proportion of animals, and was characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation and postnecrotic scarring in the livers, mesenteric lymph nodes and kidneys. Viable virulent bacteria were detected in the blood and livers of diseased animals. An examination of the course of infection in the lung of IFN-? receptor?deficient, IL-4?deficient and wild-type mice demonstrated that lack of functional IFN-? or IL-4, cytokines that are considered to play major roles in regulating the development of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, did not affect the kinetics of bacterial elimination from the lung. In contrast,...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/57468
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Atypical disease after Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions in Interferon- Receptor or Immunoglobulin ? Chain Genes
(1997)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Atypical disease after Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions in Interferon- Receptor or Immunoglobulin ? Chain Genes
(1997)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Using a murine respiratory challenge model we have previously demonstrated a role for Th1 cells in natural immunity against Bordetella pertussis, but could not rule out a role for antibody. Here we have demonstrated that B. pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for the IFN-? receptor resulted in an atypical disseminated disease which was lethal in a proportion of animals, and was characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation and postnecrotic scarring in the livers, mesenteric lymph nodes and kidneys. Viable virulent bacteria were detected in the blood and livers of diseased animals. An examination of the course of infection in the lung of IFN-? receptor?deficient, IL-4?deficient and wild-type mice demonstrated that lack of functional IFN-? or IL-4, cytokines that are considered to play major roles in regulating the development of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, did not affect the kinetics of bacterial elimination from the lung. In contrast,...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33376
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Autophagy and inflammatory diseases.
(2013)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Autophagy and inflammatory diseases.
(2013)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism for the sequestration and degradation of intracellular pathogens and compromised organelles, particularly damaged mitochondria. Autophagy also clears other cellular components, such as inflammasomes and cytokines, thus providing an important means of regulating inflammation. Defects in autophagy have been found by genetic association studies to confer susceptibility to several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, the manipulation of autophagy in disease situations is of growing interest for therapeutic targeting; however, the involvement of autophagy in cellular homoeostasis, in normal immune function and in inflammation is manifold. An appreciation of the intricacies of the contributions of this process to inflammation, and how these are altered by various immune and environmental stimuli, is essential for the understanding and interpretation of studies of inflammation and the design of therapeutics ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72961
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Blocking retinoic acid receptor-α enhances the efficacy of a dendritic cell vaccine against tumours by suppressing the induction of regulatory T cells
(2013)
GALVIN, KAREN; HIGGINS, SARAH; MILLS, KINGSTON; STEFANSKA, ANNA; MORAN, BARRY; DUNGAN, ...
Blocking retinoic acid receptor-α enhances the efficacy of a dendritic cell vaccine against tumours by suppressing the induction of regulatory T cells
(2013)
GALVIN, KAREN; HIGGINS, SARAH; MILLS, KINGSTON; STEFANSKA, ANNA; MORAN, BARRY; DUNGAN, LARA
Abstract:
The immune system has evolved regulatory mechanisms to control immune responses to self-antigens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune tolerance, but tumour growth is associated with local immunosuppression, which can subvert effector immune responses. Indeed, the induction and recruitment of Treg cells by tumours is a major barrier in the development of effective immunotherapeutics and vaccines against cancer. Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to promote conversion of na?ve T cells into Treg cells. This study addresses the hypothesis that blocking RA receptor alpha (RAR?) may enhance the efficacy of a tumour vaccine by inhibiting the induction of Treg cells. We found that RA significantly enhanced TGF-?-induced expression of Foxp3 on na?ve and committed T cells in vitro and that this was blocked by an antagonist of RAR? (RARi). In addition, RARi significantly suppressed TGF-? and IL-10 and enhanced IL-12 production by dendritic cells (DC) in response ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72968
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Booster immunization of children with an acellular pertussis vaccine enhances Th2 cytokine production and serum IgE against pertussis toxin but not against common allergens
(2000)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Booster immunization of children with an acellular pertussis vaccine enhances Th2 cytokine production and serum IgE against pertussis toxin but not against common allergens
(2000)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Acellular pertussis vaccines (Pa) protect against severe pertussis in children. However, serum antibody responses decline quickly after immunization. Studies in animal models suggest that cell-mediated immunity also contributes to protection against Bordetella pertussis, and it has already been demonstrated that Pa induce T cells that secrete type-1 and type-2 cytokines in children. In this study we examined the persistence of the T cell response and the effect of booster immunization in 4?6-year-old children. Cell-mediated immunity to B. pertussis antigens was detected in a high proportion of children more than 42 months after their last immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the majority of children secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and a smaller proportion IL-5, in response to specific antigen stimulation in vitro. However, following booster immunization, significantly higher concentrations of IL-5, but not IFN-?, were produced by PBMC in r...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33368
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Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin differentially modulates toll-like receptor-stimulated activation, migration and T cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells.
(2014)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin differentially modulates toll-like receptor-stimulated activation, migration and T cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells.
(2014)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is a key virulence factor of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis. The toxin targets CD11b-expressing phagocytes and delivers into their cytosol an adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzyme that subverts cellular signaling by increasing cAMP levels. In the present study, we analyzed the modulatory effects of CyaA on adhesive, migratory and antigen presenting properties of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated murine and human dendritic cells (DCs). cAMP signaling of CyaA enhanced TLR-induced dissolution of cell adhesive contacts and migration of DCs towards the lymph node-homing chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 in vitro. Moreover, we examined in detail the capacity of toxin-treated DCs to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Exposure to CyaA decreased the capacity of LPS-stimulated DCs to present soluble protein antigen to CD4+ T cells independently of modulation of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production, and enhanced their capacity to promote CD4+CD25+...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/71521
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Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin modulates innate and adaptive immune responses: distinct roles for acylation and enzymatic activity in immunomodulation and cell death
(2005)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin modulates innate and adaptive immune responses: distinct roles for acylation and enzymatic activity in immunomodulation and cell death
(2005)
LAVELLE, EDWARD; MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis belongs to the repeat in toxin family of pore-forming toxins, which require posttranslational acylation to lyse eukaryotic cells. CyaA modulates dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage function upon stimulation with LPS. In this study, we examined the roles of acylation and enzymatic activity in the immunomodulatory and lytic effects of CyaA. The adenylate cyclase activity of CyaA was necessary for its modulatory effects on murine innate immune cells. In contrast, acylation was not essential for the immunomodulatory function of CyaA, but was required for maximal caspase-3 activation and cytotoxic activity. The wild-type acylated toxin (A-CyaA) and nonacylated CyaA (NA-CyaA), but not CyaA with an inactive adenylate cyclase domain (iAC-CyaA), enhanced TLR-ligand-induced IL-10 and inhibited IL-12, TNF-, and CCL3 production by macrophages and DC. In addition, both A-CyaA and NA-CyaA, but not iAC-CyaA, enhanced surface e...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33228
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Bordetella pertussis expresses a functional type III secretion system that subverts protective innate and adaptive immune responses.
(2008)
MILLS, KINGSTON; ROSS, PADRAIG JOHN
Bordetella pertussis expresses a functional type III secretion system that subverts protective innate and adaptive immune responses.
(2008)
MILLS, KINGSTON; ROSS, PADRAIG JOHN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Certain bacteria use a type III secretion system (TTSS) to deliver effector proteins that interfere with cell function into host cells. While transcription of genes encoding TTSS components has been demonstrated, studies to date have failed to identify TTSS effector proteins in Bordetella pertussis. Here we present the first evidence of a functionally active TTSS in B. pertussis. Three known TTSS effectors, Bsp22, BopN, and BopD, were identified as TTSS substrates in B. pertussis 12743. We found expression of Bsp22 in a significant proportion of clinical isolates but not in common laboratory-adapted strains of B. pertussis. We generated a TTSS mutant of B. pertussis 12743 and showed that it induced significantly lower respiratory tract colonization in mice than the wild-type bacteria. Respiratory infection of mice with the mutant bacteria induced significantly greater innate proinflammatory cytokine production in the lungs soon after challenge, and this correlated ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33207
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Caspase-11 promotes allergic airway inflammation
(2020)
Creagh, Emma; Lavelle, Edward; O'Neill, Luke; Mills, Kingston; Zas?ona, Zbigniew; ...
Caspase-11 promotes allergic airway inflammation
(2020)
Creagh, Emma; Lavelle, Edward; O'Neill, Luke; Mills, Kingston; Zas?ona, Zbigniew; Flis, Ewelina; Wilk, Mieszko M.; Carroll, Richard G.; Palsson-McDermott, Eva M.; Hughes, Mark M.; Diskin, Ciana; Banahan, Kathy; Ryan, Dylan G.; Hooftman, Alexander; Misiak, Alicja; Kearney, Jay; Lochnit, Gunter; Bertrams, Wilhelm; Greulich, Timm; Schmeck, Bernd
Abstract:
Activated caspase-1 and caspase-11 induce inflammatory cell death in a process termed pyroptosis. Here we show that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in murine and human macrophages. PGE2 suppreses caspase-11 expression in murine and human macrophages and in the airways of mice with allergic inflammation. Remarkably, caspase-11-deficient mice are strongly resistant to developing experimental allergic airway inflammation, where PGE2 is known to be protective. Expression of caspase-11 is elevated in the lung of wild type mice with allergic airway inflammation. Blocking PGE2 production with indomethacin enhances, whereas the prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol inhibits lung caspase-11 expression. Finally, alveolar macrophages from asthma patients exhibit increased expression of caspase-4, a human homologue of caspase-11. Our findings identify PGE2 as a negative regulator of caspase-11-driven pyroptosis and implicate caspase-4/11 as a critical contributor ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/93508
Marked
Mark
Caspase-11 regulates the tumour suppressor function of STAT1 in a murine model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis
(2019)
Creagh, Emma; Mills, Kingston; Flood, Brie; Manils, Joan; Nulty, Ciara; Flis, Ewelina; ...
Caspase-11 regulates the tumour suppressor function of STAT1 in a murine model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis
(2019)
Creagh, Emma; Mills, Kingston; Flood, Brie; Manils, Joan; Nulty, Ciara; Flis, Ewelina; Kenealy, Sinead; Barber, Gillian; Fay, Joanna; Kay, Elaine
Abstract:
Murine inflammatory caspase-11 has an important role in intestinal epithelial inflammation and barrier function. Activation of the non-canonical inflammasome, mediated by caspase-11, serves as a regulatory pathway for the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1? and IL-18, and has a key role in pyroptotic cell death. We have previously demonstrated a protective role for caspase-11 during dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, however the importance of caspase-11 during colorectal tumour development remains unclear. Here, we show that Casp11?/? mice are highly susceptible to the azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), compared to their wild type (WT) littermates. We show that deficient IL-18 production occurs at initial inflammation stages of disease, and that IL-1?production is more significantly impaired inCasp11?/? colons during established CAC. We identify defective STAT1 activation in Casp11?/? colons during disease progression, and sho...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/89545
Marked
Mark
CD11c+CD8alpha+ dendritic cells promote protective immunity to respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis.
(2009)
MILLS, KINGSTON; MORAN, BARRY
CD11c+CD8alpha+ dendritic cells promote protective immunity to respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis.
(2009)
MILLS, KINGSTON; MORAN, BARRY
Abstract:
CD11c+CD8?+ and CD103+ DC have been shown to promote regulatory T cell responses and mediate tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have also been identified in the lung, but their role in immunity to respiratory tract infection is not clear. Here we have used a murine model of infection with Bordetella pertussis to examine the function of DC subtypes in protective immunity in the lungs. We found a dramatic increase in the numbers of CD11c+CD8?+ DC in the cervical lymph nodes (CLN) within 4 hrs of challenge with B. pertussis and these DC could acquire particulate antigen from the upper respiratory tract. CD11c+CD8?+ DC also infiltrated the lung with a peak 7 days post B. pertussis challenge. The infiltrating CD11c+CD8?+ DC expressed MHC, co-stimulatory and activation markers, indicative of mature DC. The CD11c+CD8?+ DC in the CLN expressed IL-4 and IL-10, and lower levels of IFN-?, but in the lungs expressed predominantly IFN-?. Depletion of CD8?+ cells early in infect...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/36047
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