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Author = Moran, Paul;
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Displaying Results 1 - 12 of 12 on page 1 of 1
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A recent change in the optical and gamma ray polarization of the Crab nebula and pulsar
(2016)
Moran, Paul; Kyne, Gillian; Redfern, R. M.; Shearer, Andrew
A recent change in the optical and gamma ray polarization of the Crab nebula and pulsar
(2016)
Moran, Paul; Kyne, Gillian; Redfern, R. M.; Shearer, Andrew
Abstract:
Journal article
We report on observations of the polarization of optical and γ-ray photons from the Crab nebula and pulsar system using the Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter (GASP), the Hubble Space Telescope, Advanced Camera for Surveys and the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory satellite (INTEGRAL). These, when combined with other optical polarization observations, suggest that the polarized optical emission and γ-ray polarization changes in a similar manner. A change in the optical polarization angle has been observed by this work, from 109.5 ± 0 ∘ . .∘ 7 in 2005 to 85.3 ± 1 ∘ . .∘ 4 in 2012. On the other hand, the γ-ray polarization angle changed from 115 ± 11° in 2003–2007 to 80 ± 12° in 2012–2014. Strong flaring activities have been detected in the Crab nebula over the past few years by the high-energy γ-ray missions Agile and Fermi, and magnetic reconnection processes have been suggested to explain these observations. The change in the polarized op...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/5785
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Achieving nearly zero-energy buildings - A lifecycle assessment approach to retrofitting buildings
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Achieving nearly zero-energy buildings - A lifecycle assessment approach to retrofitting buildings
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Abstract:
It is now widely recognised in the academic and business worlds that energy efficiency in buildings provides significant environmental and economic opportunities, but also challenges. The building sector offers considerable opportunities to reduce Europe’s energy consumption and carbon emissions. With the percentage of new buildings representing 1% of the total building stock and the low efficiency levels of the older building stock, retrofitting is recognised as the most immediate, pressing, and cost effective mechanism to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the building and construction sector. It is necessary to double or triple the current retrofitting rate to reach EU short and long term energy reduction goals. However, given the age, diversity, size of the Irish and EU building stock, and the economic variables associated, retrofitting to meet sustainability targets on time represents a big challenge. This paper focuses on the current findings on the most effecti...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15129
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Changing energy cultures? Household energy use before and after a building energy efficiency retrofit
(2020)
Rau, Henrike; Moran, Paul; Manton, Richard; Goggins, Jamie
Changing energy cultures? Household energy use before and after a building energy efficiency retrofit
(2020)
Rau, Henrike; Moran, Paul; Manton, Richard; Goggins, Jamie
Abstract:
Government- and community-initiated energy retrofits of existing residential buildings abound across Europe. This paper argues that retrofitting initiatives need to extend their current emphasis on technical-material changes to include an equally strong focus on researching and potentially changing the energy-related expectations, aspirations and actual activities of those who inhabit and use these buildings. The concept of energy cultures serves as a useful heuristic to structure the analysis of household energy demand and internal environment. Covering three key elements of energy culture â 1) material conditions that relate directly to domestic energy use, 2) householdersâ attitudes, perceptions and norms concerning the use of energy and 3) observable everyday practices that use energy â , and their interactions, we examine data from 20 households in a social housing estate in Ireland collected before and after retrofitting. Overall, the results highlight the urgent need for...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15697
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Lifecycle environmental and economic performance of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) in Ireland
(2019)
Goggins, Jamie; Moran, Paul; Armstrong, Alan; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Lifecycle environmental and economic performance of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) in Ireland
(2019)
Goggins, Jamie; Moran, Paul; Armstrong, Alan; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Abstract:
Directives in the European Union are ensuring that buildings in this region are moving towards nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB). For countries like Ireland, which has a temperate oceanic climate, a key to achieving NZEB is to have high thermal and air tightness performances of the building envelope. Consequently, as the operational energy of the building reduces, the embodied energy (and embodied global warming potential) typically increases as a proportion of the lifecycle energy of the building due to increased embodied energy of the building envelope and the lower operational energy. In order to assess if a design strategy is in fact sustainable, it is becoming essential to evaluate environmental and economic LCA of building design strategies. This paper presents the outcomes of a number of case study buildings in Ireland, which focuses on the full environmental and economic lifecycle assessment of buildings to assess the impact changes in building regulations are having on t...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15115
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Multi-wavelength and Polarisation Studies of Pulsars: the Crab, Vela, and PSR J0205+6449
(2014)
Moran, Paul
Multi-wavelength and Polarisation Studies of Pulsars: the Crab, Vela, and PSR J0205+6449
(2014)
Moran, Paul
Abstract:
This thesis outlines the findings of a multi-wavelength and polarimetric study of a number of rotation-powered pulsars. Polarisation studies of pulsars are just one example of obtaining insight into the geometry of their emission regions. Such measurements provide observational constraints on the various theoretical models of the pulsar emission mechanism. Hence, it is possible to limit these competing models and find the model that best matches observations. A comparison of the optical light curves to the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray ones is also important to locate diff erent emission regions in the neutron star magnetosphere. The phase-averaged optical linear polarisation of the Crab nebula and pulsar was measured using observations from the HST/ACS. These findings were then compared to the results of hard-X-ray/soft-gamma -ray polarisation observations of the system using INTEGRAL/IBIS. In both cases it was found that the polarisation position angle (PA) of the pulsar is alig...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4789
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Multi-wavelength and polarisation studies of pulsars: the crab, vela, and PSR J0205+6449
(2015)
Moran, Paul
Multi-wavelength and polarisation studies of pulsars: the crab, vela, and PSR J0205+6449
(2015)
Moran, Paul
Abstract:
This thesis outlines the findings of a multi-wavelength and polarimetric study of a number of rotation-powered pulsars. Polarisation studies of pulsars are just one example of obtaining insight into the geometry of their emission regions. Such measurements provide observational constraints on the various theoretical models of the pulsar emission mechanism. Hence, it is possible to limit these competing models and find the model that best matches observations. A comparison of the optical light curves to the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray ones is also important to locate diff erent emission regions in the neutron star magnetosphere. The phase-averaged optical linear polarisation of the Crab nebula and pulsar was measured using observations from the HST/ACS. These findings were then compared to the results of hard-X-ray/soft-gamma-ray polarisation observations of the system using INTEGRAL/IBIS. In both cases it was found that the polarisation position angle (PA) of the pulsar is align...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/5029
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Optical polarimetry of the crab nebula
(2018)
Moran, Paul; Shearer, Andy; Mignani, Roberto
Optical polarimetry of the crab nebula
(2018)
Moran, Paul; Shearer, Andy; Mignani, Roberto
Abstract:
Time-resolved polarisation measurements of pulsars provide an unique insight into the geometry of the emission regions. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) polarisation data of the Crab Nebula were obtained from the Multimission Archive at STScI (MAST). The data are composed of a series of observations of the Crab Nebula with the HST and ACS camera system taken in three different polarisation filters (0 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees) between 2003 August and 2005 December. Polarisation vector maps of the Nebula were produced with the polarimetry software IMPOL. The degree of polarisation (P.D.) and the position angle (P.A.) of the pulsar's integrated pulse beam were measured, and also that of the nearby Synchrotron Knot, yielding P.D. = 4.90 +/- 0.33%, P.A. = 106 degrees.46 +/- 1 degrees.9 for the pulsar, and P.D. = 61.70 +/- 0.72%, P.A. = 126 degrees.86 +/- 0 degrees.23 for the Synchrotron Knot. These results are consistent with those of obtained by others using INTEGRAL.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12973
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Retrofit solutions for Irish building stock: The impact of human behaviour
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena; Rau, Henrike
Retrofit solutions for Irish building stock: The impact of human behaviour
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena; Rau, Henrike
Abstract:
Retrofitting buildings is recognised as the most immediate, pressing, and cost effective mechanism to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the building and construction sector. It is necessary to double or triple the current retrofitting rate to reach the European Union (EU) short and long term goals of 20% energy reduction by 2020, and 80- 95% CO2 reduction by 2050. Boosting confidence in retrofitting buildings to a lower energy efficiency among all different stakeholders in the building value chain is essential for uptake of energy efficiency measures in the market. However, technical interventions alone have lower impact and are more expensive to implement if carried out in isolation. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the behavioural habits and attitudes of people towards energy and carbon consumption, and if these are altered, to establish the energy savings that can be made. This paper presents the preliminary results of the data collected in surveys carried out...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15131
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Super-insulate or use renewable technology? Life cycle cost, energy and global warming potential analysis of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) in a temperate oceanic climate
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Super-insulate or use renewable technology? Life cycle cost, energy and global warming potential analysis of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) in a temperate oceanic climate
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Goggins, Jamie; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena
Abstract:
There are numerous strategies available to design and construct a low energy or nearly zero energy building (NZEB). However, the design strategy for a building depends on a high number of factors including location, climate, cost, available resources, etc. For instance, for countries like Ireland, which have a temperate oceanic climate, a key to achieving NZEB is a high thermal and air tightness performance of the building envelope, installing highly efficient space and water heating systems, and utilising renewable technologies for energy and heat generation. The challenge is to find the best combination of design strategies that would tackle the energy performance problems of a particular building. For example, is it better to design a super-insulated building with minimum heating requirements, or provide less insulation but install a large amount of renewable energy sources? This paper presents the outcomes of a number of case study buildings in Ireland, which focus on the life ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15116
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Towards nearly zero energy buildings: The interrelationships of materials, people and operational energy demand practices for residential buildings in Ireland
(2020)
Moran, Paul
Towards nearly zero energy buildings: The interrelationships of materials, people and operational energy demand practices for residential buildings in Ireland
(2020)
Moran, Paul
Abstract:
To combat the energy demand and global warming potential emissions of the building sector, the European Union has made mandatory the introduction of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) in all its member states. Starting from the end of 2020, all new buildings or those receiving significant retrofit must show a very high energy performance standard with energy performance levels based on the cost-optimal framework methodology. Similarly, this is a requirement for all public buildings from the end of 2018. The population of Ireland is expected to increase by around one million people to almost 5.7 million people by 2040, requiring at least an additional half a million new homes. Additionally, 1.9 million housing units in Ireland are required to be retrofitted for the Irish national housing stock to be considered nZEB standard. Thus, work on approximately 2.5 million residential homes is required to achieve an Irish nZEB housing stock by 2040. Moreover, the role of people occupying bu...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/16233
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Understanding the complexities of building physics and human behaviour in achieving a nearly zero energy building
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena; Goggins, Jamie
Understanding the complexities of building physics and human behaviour in achieving a nearly zero energy building
(2019)
Moran, Paul; Hajdukiewicz, Magdalena; Goggins, Jamie
Abstract:
About 40% of the world’s energy consumption and approximately a third of greenhouse gas emissions are associated with buildings. As the percentage of new buildings relative to existing buildings is increasing at a rate of only 1% per year, retrofitting is recognised as the most immediate, pressing and cost effective mechanism to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the building and construction sector. Preliminary pre-retrofit results of eight case study buildings examining the energy consumption, thermal comfort and human behaviour in typical Irish residential houses built over the last two decades are presented with the impact of human behaviour on energy consumption highlighted. The paper discusses how architects and engineers are going to have to not only understand the complexities of a buildings physics but also the behaviour and attitudes towards energy consumption of the people living inside them in order to develop a holistic retrofit design.
The authors wi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15128
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VLT polarimetry observations of the middle-aged pulsar PSR B0656+14
(2016)
Moran, Paul; Shearer, Andrew
VLT polarimetry observations of the middle-aged pulsar PSR B0656+14
(2016)
Moran, Paul; Shearer, Andrew
Abstract:
Context. Optical polarisation measurements are key tests for different models of the pulsar magnetosphere. Furthermore, comparing the relative orientation of the phase-averaged linear polarisation direction and the pulsar proper motion vector may unveil a peculiar alignment, clearly seen in the Crab pulsar.Aims. Our goal is to obtain the first measurement of the phase-averaged optical linear polarisation of the fifth brightest optical pulsar, PSR B0656+14, which also has a precisely measured proper motion, and to verify a possible alignment between the polarisation direction and the proper motion vector.Methods. We carried out observations with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to measure the phase-averaged optical polarisation degree (PD) and position angle (PA) of PSR B0656+14.Results. We measured a PD of 11.9% +/- 5.5% and a PA of 125.8 degrees +/- 13.2 degrees, measured east of north. Albeit of marginal significance, this is the first measurement of the phase-averaged optical PD fo...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/5649
Displaying Results 1 - 12 of 12 on page 1 of 1
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