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Author = O'Sullivan, Finbarr;
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Displaying Results 1 - 14 of 14 on page 1 of 1
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A simple evaluation of the benefit of combined kinetic analysis of multiple injection dynamic PET scans
(2019)
Gu, Fengyun; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David A.
A simple evaluation of the benefit of combined kinetic analysis of multiple injection dynamic PET scans
(2019)
Gu, Fengyun; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David A.
Abstract:
The multiple injection dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is used in the clinical management of certain groups of cancer patients and in medical research. The analysis of such studies can be approached in one of two ways: analyze individual injections separately to recover tracer kinetic information, or concatenate data from separate injections and carry out a combined analysis. Separate analysis offers some simplicity but may not be as efficient statistically. The mixture technique is readily implemented in a separated or combined analysis mode. We evaluate these approaches in a 1-D simulation setting matched to the mathematical complexity of PET. These simulations are largely guided by experience with breast cancer flow-metabolism mismatch studies using 15O-Water (H2O) and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). An efficient implementation in the R (an open-source environment) is used to implement simulations. The simulations evaluate mean square error (MSE) characteristics...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10582
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Activation of liver X receptor suppresses the production of the IL-12 family of cytokines by blocking nuclear translocation of NF-kBp50
(2013)
Canavan, Mary; McCarthy, Ciara; Ben Larbi, Nadia; Dowling, Jennifer; Collins, Laura; O&...
Activation of liver X receptor suppresses the production of the IL-12 family of cytokines by blocking nuclear translocation of NF-kBp50
(2013)
Canavan, Mary; McCarthy, Ciara; Ben Larbi, Nadia; Dowling, Jennifer; Collins, Laura; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Hurley, Grainne; Murphy, Carola; Quinlan, Aoife; Moloney, Gerry; Darby, Trevor; MacSharry, John; Kagechika, Hiroyuki; Moynagh, Paul N.; Melgar, Silvia; Loscher, Christine E.
Abstract:
There is now convincing evidence that liver X receptor (LXR) is an important modulator of the inflammatory response; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of LXR on the IL-12 family of cytokines and examined the mechanism by which LXR exerted this effect. We first demonstrated that activation of murine-derived dendritic cells (DC) with a specific agonist to LXR enhanced expression of LXR following activation with LPS, suggesting a role in inflammation. Furthermore, we showed LXR expression to be increased in vivo in dextrane sulphate sodium-induced colitis. LXR activation also suppressed production of IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-27 and IL-23 in murine-derived DC following stimulation with LPS, and specifically targeted the p35, p40 and EBI3 subunits of the IL-12 cytokine family, which are under the control of the NF-kB subunit p50 (NF-kBp50). Finally, we demonstrated that LXR can associate with NF-kBp50 in DC and that LXR activation prev...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4953/
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An exploration of the prognostic utility of shortened dynamic imaging protocols for PET-FDG scans
(2019)
Wu, Qi; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David
An exploration of the prognostic utility of shortened dynamic imaging protocols for PET-FDG scans
(2019)
Wu, Qi; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David
Abstract:
Standard whole-body clinical fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scans typically involve imaging for around 15 minutes about 60 minutes after tracer injection. The scan duration is often the critical constraint limiting patient through-put. Scans taken long after tracer injection restrict the ability to assess vascular and perfusion information that might be revealed by the early pattern of tracer uptake. On the other hand, early scanning may compromise the recovery of the late time uptake (SUV) which in many contexts has well established prognostic value. In this study, we explore the potential for short-duration dynamic scans, acquired immediately after tracer injection, to recover information that can predict late-stage uptake of FDG. The work involves re-analysis of existing series of dynamic brain and breast tumour imaging data to simulate the type of information that would arise from early and late scanning. Using a collection of machine learning techniques (including random forests...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10589
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An illustration of the use of model-based bootstrapping for evaluation of uncertainty in kinetic information derived from dynamic PET
(2019)
Gu, Fengyun; Wu, Qi; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Huang, Jian; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David A.
An illustration of the use of model-based bootstrapping for evaluation of uncertainty in kinetic information derived from dynamic PET
(2019)
Gu, Fengyun; Wu, Qi; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Huang, Jian; Muzi, Mark; Mankoff, David A.
Abstract:
Kinetic mapping via mixture analysis[8], [10] involves comprehensive voxel-level analysis of dynamic PET data. Bootstrapping from the fitted mixture model gives the ability to directly simulate statistical copies of the 4-D PET data, and following suitable analysis, subsequent simulations of the associated kinetic maps. This gives the ability to numerically evaluate uncertainties in inferences associated with kinetic information. We provide a simple introduction to the concept of the model-based bootstrap and an illustration of the use of the approach for kinetic mapping from dynamic PET using results from recent work in Huang et al.[4]. The illustration is from a PET flow-metabolism imaging study in a breast cancer patient. It involves separate dynamic PET imaging following injections of O-15 H2O and F-18 FDG. The bootstrapped data is created in the image domain rather than the projection domain, so there is no reconstruction requirement involved.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10581
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Assessment of a statistical AIF extraction method for dynamic PET studies with 15O water and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose in locally advanced breast cancer patients
(2018)
O'Sullivan, Finbarr; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; Huang, Jian; Doot, Robert; Muzi, M...
Assessment of a statistical AIF extraction method for dynamic PET studies with 15O water and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose in locally advanced breast cancer patients
(2018)
O'Sullivan, Finbarr; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; Huang, Jian; Doot, Robert; Muzi, Mark; Schubert, Erin; Peterson, Lanell; Dunnwald, Lisa K.; Mankoff, David M.
Abstract:
Blood flow-metabolism mismatch from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies with O-15-labeled water (H2O) and F-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been shown to be a promising diagnostic for locally advanced breast cancer (LABCa) patients. The mismatch measurement involves kinetic analysis with the arterial blood time course (AIF) as an input function. We evaluate the use of a statistical method for AIF extraction (SAIF) in these studies. Fifty three LABCa patients had dynamic PET studies with H2O and FDG. For each PET study, two AIFs were recovered, an SAIF extraction and also a manual extraction based on a region of interest placed over the left ventricle (LV-ROI). Blood flow-metabolism mismatch was obtained with each AIF, and kinetic and prognostic reliability comparisons were made. Strong correlations were found between kinetic assessments produced by both AIFs. SAIF AIFs retained the full prognostic value, for pathologic response and overall survival, of LV-ROI ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6473
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Assessment of the prognostic value of radiomic features in 18F-FMISO PET imaging of hypoxia in postsurgery brain cancer patients: secondary analysis of imaging data from a single-center study and the multicenter ACRIN 6684 trial
(2020)
Muzi, Mark; Wolsztynski, Eric; Fink, James R.; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; O'Sulliv...
Assessment of the prognostic value of radiomic features in 18F-FMISO PET imaging of hypoxia in postsurgery brain cancer patients: secondary analysis of imaging data from a single-center study and the multicenter ACRIN 6684 trial
(2020)
Muzi, Mark; Wolsztynski, Eric; Fink, James R.; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Krohn, Kenneth A.; Mankoff, David A.
Abstract:
Hypoxia is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in malignant gliomas, and it can be imaged by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Previous results for patients with brain cancer imaged with 18F-FMISO at a single center before conventional chemoradiotherapy showed that tumor uptake via T/Bmax (tissue SUVmax/blood SUV) and hypoxic volume (HV) was associated with poor survival. However, in a multicenter clinical trial (ACRIN 6684), traditional uptake parameters were not found to be prognostically significant, but tumor SUVpeak did predict survival at 1 year. The present analysis considered both study cohorts to reconcile key differences and examine the potential utility of adding radiomic features as prognostic variables for outcome prediction on the combined cohort of 72 patients with brain cancer (30 University of Washington and 42 ACRIN 6684). We used both 18F-FMISO intensity metrics (T/Bmax, HV, SUV, SUVmax, SUVpeak) and asse...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/11085
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Demodex-Associated Bacillus Proteins Induce an Aberrant Wound Healing Response in a Corneal Epithelial Cell Line: Possible Implications for Corneal Ulcer Formation in Ocular Rosacea
(2012)
O'Reilly, Niamh; Gallagher, Clair; Reddy Katikireddy, Kishore; Clynes, Martin; O...
Demodex-Associated Bacillus Proteins Induce an Aberrant Wound Healing Response in a Corneal Epithelial Cell Line: Possible Implications for Corneal Ulcer Formation in Ocular Rosacea
(2012)
O'Reilly, Niamh; Gallagher, Clair; Reddy Katikireddy, Kishore; Clynes, Martin; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Kavanagh, Kevin
Abstract:
PURPOSE. The aim of the work presented here was to establish the response of a corneal epithelial cell line (hTCEpi) to protein extracted from a bacterium (Bacillus oleronius) previously isolated from a Demodex mite from a rosacea patient. METHODS. The response of the corneal epithelial cell line to Bacillus proteins was measured in terms of alterations in cell migration and invasiveness. Changes in the expression of metalloproteinase genes and proteins were also assessed. RESULTS. The results indicated increased cell migration (14.5- fold, P ¼ 0.001) as measured using 8-lm PET inserts (BD Falcon) in a transwell assay and invasiveness (1.7-fold, P ¼ 0.003) as measured using 8-lm Matrigel (BD Biocoat) invasion inserts in a 24-well plate assay format, following exposure to the Bacillus proteins. Cells exposed to the Bacillus protein showed a dose-dependent increase in expression of genes coding for matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3 (61-fold) and MPP-9 (301-fold). This dose-dependent incr...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4180/
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Exposure of a Corneal Epithelial Cell Line (hTCEpi) to Demodex-Associated Bacillus Proteins Results in an Inflammatory Response
(2014)
McMahon, Frederick W.; Gallagher, Clair; O'Reilly, Niamh; Clynes, Martin; O'S...
Exposure of a Corneal Epithelial Cell Line (hTCEpi) to Demodex-Associated Bacillus Proteins Results in an Inflammatory Response
(2014)
McMahon, Frederick W.; Gallagher, Clair; O'Reilly, Niamh; Clynes, Martin; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Kavanagh, Kevin
Abstract:
PURPOSE. A role for a bacterium, Bacillus oleronius, originally isolated from a Demodex mite, in the induction of ocular rosacea has been proposed. The aim of this work was to characterize the response of a corneal epithelial cell line to Bacillus proteins, as this might give an insight into how such proteins contribute to the symptoms of ocular rosacea in vivo. METHODS. The effect of exposing Bacillus protein preparation on human telomeraseimmortalized corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) was measured by monitoring changes in cell proliferation and the expression of a number of genes associated with inflammation. The production of inflammatory cytokines was measured and the expression and activity of MMP- 9 was quantified. RESULTS. Exposure of hTCEpi cells to 2 or 6 lg/mL Bacillus protein resulted in a dosedependent reduction in cell proliferation. Exposure of cells to 6 lg/mL Bacillus protein did not induce apoptosis, but there was an increase in the expression of genes coding for IL...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/6895/
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Positron emission tomography-based assessment of metabolic gradient and other prognostic features in sarcoma
(2018)
Wolsztynski, Eric; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Keyes, Eimear; O'Sullivan, Janet; Ear...
Positron emission tomography-based assessment of metabolic gradient and other prognostic features in sarcoma
(2018)
Wolsztynski, Eric; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Keyes, Eimear; O'Sullivan, Janet; Eary, Janet F.
Abstract:
Intratumoral heterogeneity biomarkers derived from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are of interest for a number of cancers, including sarcoma. A range of radiomic texture variables, adapted from general methodologies for image analysis, has shown promise in the setting. In the context of sarcoma, our group introduced an alternative model-based approach to the measurement of heterogeneity. In this approach, the heterogeneity of a tumor is characterized by the extent to which the 3-D FDG uptake pattern deviates from a simple elliptically contoured structure. By using a nonparametric analysis of the uptake profile obtained from this spatial model, a variable assessing the metabolic gradient of the tumor is developed. The work explores the prognostic potential of this new variable in the context of FDG-PET imaging of sarcoma. A mature clinical series involving 197 patients, 88 of whom have complete time-to-death information, is used. Texture vari...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6883
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Proteomic screening of glucose-responsive and glucose non-responsive MIN-6 beta cells reveals differential expression of proteins involved in protein folding, secretion and oxidative stress
(2006)
Dowling, Paul; O'Driscoll, Lorraine; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Dowd, Andrew; Henry...
Proteomic screening of glucose-responsive and glucose non-responsive MIN-6 beta cells reveals differential expression of proteins involved in protein folding, secretion and oxidative stress
(2006)
Dowling, Paul; O'Driscoll, Lorraine; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Dowd, Andrew; Henry, Michael; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Meleady, Paula; Clynes, Martin
Abstract:
The glucose-sensitive insulin-secretion (GSIS) phenotype is relatively unstable in long-term culture of beta cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate relative changes in the proteome between glucose-responsive (low passage) and glucose non-responsive (high passage) murine MIN-6 pancreatic beta cells. The 2D-DIGE and subsequent DeCyder analysis detected 3351 protein spots in the pH range of 4–7. Comparing MIN-6(H) to MIN-6(L) and using a threshold of 1.2-fold, the number of proteins with a decrease in expression level was 152 (4.5%), similar was 3140 (93.7%) and increased 59 (1.8%). From the differentially expressed proteins identified in this study, groups of proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proteins involved in oxidative stress were found to be significantly decreased in the high-passage (H passage) cells. These proteins included endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29); 78-kDa glucoserelated protein, (GRP78); 94-kDa glucose-related protein (GR...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/7350/
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Statistical assessment of treatment response in a cancer patient based on pre-therapy and post-therapy FDG-PET scans
(2016)
Wolsztynski, Eric; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; O'Sullivan, Janet; Eary, Janet F.
Statistical assessment of treatment response in a cancer patient based on pre-therapy and post-therapy FDG-PET scans
(2016)
Wolsztynski, Eric; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; O'Sullivan, Janet; Eary, Janet F.
Abstract:
This work arises from consideration of sarcoma patients in which fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging pre-therapy and post-chemotherapy is used to assess treatment response. Our focus is on methods for evaluation of the statistical uncertainty in the measured response for an individual patient. The gamma distribution is often used to describe data with constant coefficient of variation, but it can be adapted to describe the pseudo-Poisson character of PET measurements. We propose co-registering the pre-therapy and post- therapy images and modeling the approximately paired voxel-level data using the gamma statistics. Expressions for the estimation of the treatment effect and its variability are provided. Simulation studies explore the performance in the context of testing for a treatment effect. The impact of misregistration errors and how test power is affected by estimation of variability using simplified sampling assumptions, as might be produced by di...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3486
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The Gamma characteristic of reconstructed PET images: Implications for ROI analysis
(2017)
Mou, Tian; Huang, Jian; O'Sullivan, Finbarr
The Gamma characteristic of reconstructed PET images: Implications for ROI analysis
(2017)
Mou, Tian; Huang, Jian; O'Sullivan, Finbarr
Abstract:
The basic emission process associated with PET imaging is Poisson in nature. Reconstructed images inherit some aspects of this—regional variability is typically proportional to the regional mean. Iterative reconstruction using expectation maximization (EM), widely used in clinical imaging now, impose positivity constraints that impact noise properties. The present work is motivated by analysis of data from a physical phantom study of a PET/CT scanner in routine clinical use. Both traditional filtered back-projection (FBP) and EM reconstructions of the images are considered. FBP images are quite Gaussian but the EM reconstructions exhibit Gamma-like skewness. The Gamma structure has implications for how reconstructed PET images might be processed statistically. Post-reconstruction inference— model fitting and diagnostics for regions of interest are of particular interest. Although the relevant Gamma parameterization is not within the framework of generalized linear models (GLM), iter...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5245
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The impact of arterial input function determination variations on prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pharmacokinetic modeling: a multicenter data analysis challenge, part II
(2019)
Huang, Wei; Chen, Yiyi; Fedorov, Andriy; Li, Xia; Jajamovich, Guido H.; Malyarenko, Dar...
The impact of arterial input function determination variations on prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pharmacokinetic modeling: a multicenter data analysis challenge, part II
(2019)
Huang, Wei; Chen, Yiyi; Fedorov, Andriy; Li, Xia; Jajamovich, Guido H.; Malyarenko, Dariya I.; Aryal, Madhava P.; LaViolette, Peter S.; Oborski, Matthew J.; O'Sullivan, Finbarr; Abramson, Richard G.; Jafari-Khouzani, Kourosh; Afzal, Aneela; Tudorica, Alina; Moloney, Brendan; Gupta, Sandeep N.; Besa, Cecilia; Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree; Mountz, James M.; Laymon, Charles M.
Abstract:
This multicenter study evaluated the effect of variations in arterial input function (AIF) determination on pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data using the shutter-speed model (SSM). Data acquired from eleven prostate cancer patients were shared among nine centers. Each center used a site-specific method to measure the individual AIF from each data set and submitted the results to the managing center. These AIFs, their reference tissue-adjusted variants, and a literature population-averaged AIF, were used by the managing center to perform SSM PK analysis to estimate Ktrans (volume transfer rate constant), ve (extravascular, extracellular volume fraction), kep (efflux rate constant), and τi (mean intracellular water lifetime). All other variables, including the definition of the tumor region of interest and precontrast T1 values, were kept the same to evaluate parameter variations caused by variations in only the AIF. Con...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/8592
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Tumor heterogeneity measurement using [18F] FDG PET/CT shows prognostic value in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
(2018)
Hughes, N. M.; Mou, Tian; O'Regan, K. N.; Murphy, P.; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; W...
Tumor heterogeneity measurement using [18F] FDG PET/CT shows prognostic value in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
(2018)
Hughes, N. M.; Mou, Tian; O'Regan, K. N.; Murphy, P.; O'Sullivan, Janet N.; Wolsztynski, Eric; Huang, Jian; Kennedy, Marcus P.; Eary, Janet F.; O'Sullivan, Finbarr
Abstract:
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate primary tumor heterogeneity in patients with FDG-avid non-small cell lung cancer on PET/CT, with a view to optimising prognostic information from the metabolic signature of the primary tumor. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 94 [18F] FDG PET/CTs (56 M:38F) in patients with a diagnosis of primary lung malignancy was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, tumor size, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), clinical stage and tumor histology. Clinical follow up and survival data were obtained from the available medical records. Tumor FDG spatial uptake heterogeneity was evaluated by the lack of conformity of the FDG pattern within the tumor region of interest to a simple 3-dimensional ellipsoidal form. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the added prognostic benefit of heterogeneity information beyond radiological staging and other factors. Results: Ninety four patients (mean age 67 years,...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/7944
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