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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 599 on page 1 of 24
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'Fat is your fault': Gatekeepers to health, attributions of responsibility and the portrayal of gender in the Irish media representation of obesity
(2013)
De Brún, Aoife; McCarthy, Mary; McKenzie, Kenneth; McGloin, Aileen
'Fat is your fault': Gatekeepers to health, attributions of responsibility and the portrayal of gender in the Irish media representation of obesity
(2013)
De Brún, Aoife; McCarthy, Mary; McKenzie, Kenneth; McGloin, Aileen
Abstract:
We investigated the representation of obesity in the Irish media by conducting an inductive thematic analysis on newspaper articles (n=346) published in 2005, 2007 and 2009 sampled from six major publications. The study analysed the media's construction of gender in discussions of obesity and associated attributions of blame. Three dominant themes are discussed: the caricatured portrayal of gender, women as caregivers for others, and emotive parent-blaming for childhood obesity. Men were portrayed as a homogenous group; unaware and unconcerned about weight and health issues. Dieting and engaging in preventative health behaviours were portrayed as activities exclusively within the female domain and women were depicted as responsible for encouraging men to be healthy. Parents, specifically mothers, attracted much blame for childhood obesity and media messages aimed to shame and disgrace parents of obese children through use of emotive and evocative language. This portrayal was br...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8106
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‘….All the most approved modern arrangements': Building for mental health care at Monaghan, 1886-1950s
(2015)
NicGhabhann, Niamh
‘….All the most approved modern arrangements': Building for mental health care at Monaghan, 1886-1950s
(2015)
NicGhabhann, Niamh
Abstract:
n/a
This essay considers the building of St. Davnet's Hospital in Monaghan town, which was opened in 1869 as the Cavan and Monaghan District Lunatic Asylum. Based on extensive primary research from the records on site, this essay explores the history of this building within the context of institutional architecture in Ireland, across the British Empire, and the fate of the asylums within the Irish Free State.
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4431
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"Nobody really gets it”: A qualitative exploration of youth mental health in deprived urban areas
(2014)
Schaffalitzky, Elizabeth; Leahy, Dorothy; Armstrong, Claire; Gavin, Blanaid; Latham, Li...
"Nobody really gets it”: A qualitative exploration of youth mental health in deprived urban areas
(2014)
Schaffalitzky, Elizabeth; Leahy, Dorothy; Armstrong, Claire; Gavin, Blanaid; Latham, Linda; McNicholas, Fiona; O'Connor, Ray; O'Toole, Thomas P.; Smyth, Bobby P.; Cullen, Walter
Abstract:
Aim: To explore and describe the experience of mental health and addiction for young people living in urban deprived areas in Ireland. Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 young adults attending health and social care agencies in two deprived urban areas, and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Five main themes were identified: experiencing symptoms, symptom progression, delay accessing help, loss of control/crisis point, and consequences of mental health and substance use issues. As young people delayed help, symptoms disrupted normal life progression and they found themselves unable to engage in every-day activities. Living in deprivation made it harder to avoid developing problems: many had added stressors, less familial support and early exposure to violence, addiction and bereavement. Conclusion: Young people in urban deprived areas are vulnerable to mental health and addiction issues. Early identification is necessary to halt this progre...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4533
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2-mercaptoethanol restores the ability of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) to bind DNA in nuclear extracts from interleukin 1-treated cells incubated with pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)
(1997)
O'NEILL, LUKE ANTHONY JOHN
2-mercaptoethanol restores the ability of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) to bind DNA in nuclear extracts from interleukin 1-treated cells incubated with pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)
(1997)
O'NEILL, LUKE ANTHONY JOHN
Abstract:
The metal chelator and anti-oxidant pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) has been used extensively in studies implicating reactive oxygen intermediates in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B). In agreement with other studies, we have shown that PDTC inhibits NF kappa B activation in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). However, we have found that the inhibition was reversed by treatment of inhibited nuclear extracts with the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol. This was observed in extracts prepared from IL1-treated EL4.NOB-1 thymoma cells and TNF-treated Jurkat E6.1 lymphoma cells. These results suggested that the inhibition was caused by oxidation of NF kappa B on a sensitive thiol, possibly on the p50 subunit (which was detected in NF kappa B complexes in both cell types), and not by inhibition of the activation pathway. The possibility that PDTC was acting as a pro-oxidant was therefore investigated. PDTC ca...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33734
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A case report of primary ciliary dyskinesia, laterality defects and developmental delay caused by the co-existence of a single gene and chromosome disorder
(2015)
Casey, Jillian; Goggin, Patricia; McDaid, Jennifer; Ennis, Sean; Lynch, Sally; et al.
A case report of primary ciliary dyskinesia, laterality defects and developmental delay caused by the co-existence of a single gene and chromosome disorder
(2015)
Casey, Jillian; Goggin, Patricia; McDaid, Jennifer; Ennis, Sean; Lynch, Sally; et al.
Abstract:
Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by abnormal ciliary motion and impaired mucociliary clearance, leading to recurrent respiratory infections, sinusitis, otitis media and male infertility. Some patients also have laterality defects. We recently reported the identification of three disease-causing PCD genes in the Irish Traveller population; RSPH4A, DYX1C1 and CCNO. We have since assessed an additional Irish Traveller family with a complex phenotype involving PCD who did not have any of the previously identified PCD mutations. Case presentation: In this study we report on a family with three children with PCD and various laterality defects. In addition, one child (V:1) has mild-to-moderate developmental delay and one child has speech delay (V:2). Developmental delay is not usually associated with PCD and is likely to be caused by an additional genetic abnormality. Transmission electron microscopy showed variable inner and...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6739
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A common p73 polymorphism is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal carcinoma
(2001)
KELLEHER, DERMOT P; MCMANUS, ROSS
A common p73 polymorphism is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal carcinoma
(2001)
KELLEHER, DERMOT P; MCMANUS, ROSS
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rising; to date, no susceptibility genes have been identified. p73, a novel p53 homologue, maps to chromosome 1p36, a region commonly deleted in oesophageal cancers. p73 shares some p53-like activity, but in addition, may also play a role in gastrointestinal epithelial inflammatory responses. A non-coding p73 polymorphism (denoted AT or GC) may be functionally significant. We investigated whether this polymorphism might play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of oesophageal cancer. This was a case?control, retrospective study. 84 cases of oesophageal cancer (25 squamous and 59 adenocarcinoma) and 152 normal population controls were genotyped for this polymorphism. Informative cases were examined for p73 LOH within the tumour. AT/AT homozygotes were significantly less prevalent in the oesophageal cancer population (1/84 = 1.2%) compared to controls (15/152 = 9.9%) (P < 0.02), corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33836
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A comparison of two programmes for victims of child sexual abuse: a treatment outcome study
(2002)
Nolan, Margretta; Carr, Alan; Fitzpatrick, Carol; et al.
A comparison of two programmes for victims of child sexual abuse: a treatment outcome study
(2002)
Nolan, Margretta; Carr, Alan; Fitzpatrick, Carol; et al.
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of individual therapy and combined individual and group therapy in the treatment of the psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the Youth Self Report form (YSR), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were administered before treatment and 6 months later to a group of 20 young people who participated in individual therapy (IT) programmes and to a group of 18 young people who participated in programmes that involved combined individual and group therapy (IGT). For both types of programmes, statistically significant improvement occurred on the following scales: the total problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems and aggressive behaviour problems CBCL scales; the total depression, interpersonal problems and anhedonia CDI sca...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5286
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A cost-analysis of complex workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions
(2017)
Fitzgerald, Sarah; Kirby, Ann; Murphy, Aileen; Geaney, Fiona; Perry, Ivan J.
A cost-analysis of complex workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions
(2017)
Fitzgerald, Sarah; Kirby, Ann; Murphy, Aileen; Geaney, Fiona; Perry, Ivan J.
Abstract:
Background: The workplace has been identified as a priority setting to positively influence individuals’ dietary behaviours. However, a dearth of evidence exists regarding the costs of implementing and delivering workplace dietary interventions. This study aimed to conduct a cost-analysis of workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions from an employer’s perspective. Methods: Cost data were obtained from a workplace dietary intervention trial, the Food Choice at Work Study. Micro-costing methods estimated costs associated with implementing and delivering the interventions for 1 year in four multinational manufacturing workplaces in Cork, Ireland. The workplaces were allocated to one of the following groups: control, nutrition education alone, environmental dietary modification alone and nutrition education and environmental dietary modification combined. A total of 850 employees were recruited across the four workplaces. For comparison purposes,...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3474
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A dynamic probabilistic principal components model for the analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data
(2014)
Nyamundanda, Gift; Gormley, Isobel Claire; Brennan, Lorraine
A dynamic probabilistic principal components model for the analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data
(2014)
Nyamundanda, Gift; Gormley, Isobel Claire; Brennan, Lorraine
Abstract:
In a longitudinal metabolomics study, multiple metabolites are measured from several observations at many time points. Interest lies in reducing the dimensionality of such data and in highlighting influential metabolites which change over time. A dynamic probabilistic principal components analysis model is proposed to achieve dimension reduction while appropriately modelling the correlation due to repeated measurements. This is achieved by assuming an auto-regressive model for some of the model parameters. Linear mixed models are subsequently used to identify influential metabolites which change over time. The model proposed is used to analyse data from a longitudinal metabolomics animal study.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7107
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A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A "Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity" (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review
(2017)
Carlin, Angela; Perchoux, Camille; Puggina, Anna; Aleksovska, Katina; Buck, Christoph; ...
A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A "Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity" (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review
(2017)
Carlin, Angela; Perchoux, Camille; Puggina, Anna; Aleksovska, Katina; Buck, Christoph; Burns, Con; Cardon, Greet; Chantal, Simon; Ciarapica, Donatella; Condello, Giancarlo; Coppinger, Tara; Cortis, Cristina; D'Haese, Sara; De Craemer, Marieke; Di Blasio, Andrea; Hansen, Sylvia; Iacoviello, Licia; Issartel, Johann; Izzicupo, Pascal; Jaeschke, Lina
Abstract:
Background Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive. Objective To identify the physical environmental determinants that influence PA across the life course. Methods An online systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The search was limited to studies published in English (January 2004 to April 2016). Only systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies, that investigated the association between physical determinants and physical activity outcomes, were eligible for inclusion. The extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and methodological quality. Results The literature search ide...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/6227
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A method to investigate radial glia cell behavior using two-photon time-lapse microscopy in an ex vivo model of spinal cord development
(2014)
Pakan, Janelle M. P.; McDermott, Kieran W.
A method to investigate radial glia cell behavior using two-photon time-lapse microscopy in an ex vivo model of spinal cord development
(2014)
Pakan, Janelle M. P.; McDermott, Kieran W.
Abstract:
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) develops from multipotent progenitor cells, which proliferate and differentiate into the various cell types of the brain and spinal cord. Despite the wealth of knowledge from progenitor cell culture studies, there is a significant lack of understanding regarding dynamic progenitor cell behavior over the course of development. This is in part due to shortcomings in the techniques available to study these processes in living tissues as they are occurring. In order to investigate cell behavior under physiologically relevant conditions we established an ex vivo model of the developing rat spinal cord. This method allows us to directly observe specific populations of cells ex vivo in real time and over extended developmental periods as they undergo proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the CNS. Previous investigations of progenitor cell behavior have been limited in either spatial or temporal resolution (or both) due to the necessity ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/5183
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A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The results of phase 3 efficacy trials have shown that acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. However, despite the advances in vaccine development, clinical trials have not provided significant new information on the mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Classical approaches based on measurement of antibody responses to individual antigens failed to define an immunological correlate of protection. A reliable animal model, predictive of acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccine potency in children, would facilitate an elucidation of the mechanism of immune protection against B. pertussis and would assist in the regulatory control and future development of pertussis vaccines. In this study, we have shown that the rate of B. pertussis clearance following respiratory challenge of immunized mice correlated with vaccine efficacy in children. Using this model together with mice with targeted disr...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33375
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A national stakeholder consensus study of challenges and priorities for clinical learning environments in postgraduate medical education
(2017)
Kilty, Caroline; Wiese, Anel; Bergin, Colm; Flood, Patrick; Fu, Na; Horgan, Mary; Higgi...
A national stakeholder consensus study of challenges and priorities for clinical learning environments in postgraduate medical education
(2017)
Kilty, Caroline; Wiese, Anel; Bergin, Colm; Flood, Patrick; Fu, Na; Horgan, Mary; Higgins, Agnes; Maher, Bridget; O'Kane, Grainne; Prihodova, Lucia; Slattery, Dubhfeasa; Stoyanov, Slavi; Bennett, Deirdre
Abstract:
Background: High quality clinical learning environments (CLE) are critical to postgraduate medical education (PGME). The understaffed and overcrowded environments in which many residents work present a significant challenge to learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a national expert group consensus amongst stakeholders in PGME to; (i) identify important barriers and facilitators of learning in CLEs and (ii) indicate priority areas for improvement. Our objective was to provide information to focus efforts to provide high quality CLEs. Methods: Group Concept Mapping (GCM) is an integrated mixed methods approach to generating expert group consensus. A multi-disciplinary group of experts were invited to participate in the GCM process via an online platform. Multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyse participant inputs in regard to barriers, facilitators and priorities. Results: Participants identified facilitators and barriers in ten dom...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5378
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A new microtubule-targeting compound PBOX-15 inhibits T-cell migration via post-translational modifications of tubulin.
(2008)
MCELLIGOTT, ANTHONY
A new microtubule-targeting compound PBOX-15 inhibits T-cell migration via post-translational modifications of tubulin.
(2008)
MCELLIGOTT, ANTHONY
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The ordered, directional migration of T-lymphocytes is a key process during immune surveillance, immune response, and development. A novel series of pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepines have been shown to potently induce apoptosis in variety of human chemotherapy resistant cancer cell lines, indicating their potential in the treatment of both solid tumors and tumors derived from the hemopoietic system. Pyrrolobenzoxazepine 4-acetoxy-5-(1-naphtyl)naphtho[2,3-b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]-oxazepine (PBOX-15) has been shown to depolymerize tubulin in vitro and in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. We hypothesized that this may suggest a role for this compound in modulating integrin-induced T-cell migration, which is largely dependent on the microtubule dynamics. Experiments were performed using human T lymphoma cell line Hut78 and peripheral blood T-lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors. We observed that human T-lymphocytes exposed to PBOX-15 have severely impaired ability to polariz...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/34446
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A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are emerging as key circuit components in regulating microbial stress responses and are implicated in modulating oxidative stress in the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The oxidative stress response encapsulates several strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. However, many of the regulatory components and associated molecular mechanisms underpinning this key adaptive response remain to be characterised. Comparative analysis of publically available transcriptomic datasets led to the identification of a novel LTTR, PA2206, whose expression was altered in response to a range of host signals in addition to oxidative stress. PA2206 was found to be required for tolerance to H2O2 in vitro and lethality in vivo in the Zebrafish embryo model of infection. Transcriptomic analysis in the presence of H2O2 showed that PA2206 altered the expression of 58 genes, including a large repertoire of oxid...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2395
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A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder
(2012)
Casey, Jillian; Magalhaes, Tiago; Conroy, Judith M.; Regan, Regina; Shah, Naisha; Shiel...
A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder
(2012)
Casey, Jillian; Magalhaes, Tiago; Conroy, Judith M.; Regan, Regina; Shah, Naisha; Shields, Denis C.; Green, Andrew; Ennis, Sean; et al.
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequenc...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6163
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A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; ...
A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; Dobson, Alan D. W.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
A better understanding of the origin and natural reservoirs of resistance determinants is fundamental to efficiently tackle antibiotic resistance. This paper reports the identification of a novel 5.8 kb erythromycin resistance plasmid, from Bacillus sp. HS24 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. pBHS24B has a mosaic structure and carries the erythromycin resistance gene erm(T). This is the first report of an erythromycin resistance plasmid from a sponge associated bacteria and of the Erm(T) determinant in the genus Bacillus.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2318
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A polymorphism in the MTHFD1 gene increases a mother's risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss.
(2005)
MOLLOY, ANNE MARIE; SCOTT, JOHN MARTIN
A polymorphism in the MTHFD1 gene increases a mother's risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss.
(2005)
MOLLOY, ANNE MARIE; SCOTT, JOHN MARTIN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Low maternal folate or vitamin B12 status has been implicated in numerous pregnancy complications including spontaneous abortion. The primary aim of this study was to test a polymorphism within the trifunctional folate enzyme MTHFD1 (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase) for an association with a mother?s risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss. We genotyped 125 women who had at least one unexplained spontaneous abortion or intrauterine fetal death between 13 and 26 weeks gestation and 625 control women with no history of prior pregnancy loss. Our study is the first to identify an association between the MTHFD1 1958GA (R653Q) polymorphism and the maternal risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss. Women who are MTHFD1 1958AA homozygous have a 1.64-fold increased risk of having an unexplained second trimester loss compared to women wh...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/34497
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A postal survey of data in general practice on the prevalence of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in patients aged 18–65 in one county in the west of Ireland
(2009)
Finnerty, Fionnuala; Glynn, Liam G.; Dineen, Brendan; Colfer, Finbarr; MacFarlane, Anne E.
A postal survey of data in general practice on the prevalence of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in patients aged 18–65 in one county in the west of Ireland
(2009)
Finnerty, Fionnuala; Glynn, Liam G.; Dineen, Brendan; Colfer, Finbarr; MacFarlane, Anne E.
Abstract:
Background: Very little is known about the prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in Ireland. ABI prevalence has previously been obtained from Belgian general practitioners using a postal survey. We attempted to ascertain the prevalence of ABI in County Mayo through a postal survey of all general practitioners in the county. The specific objectives of this project were to: 1. identify whether general practitioners are a. aware of patients with ABI aged 18–65 in their practices b. able to provide prevalence data on ABI in patients aged 18–65 c. able to provide data on age, gender and patient diagnosis 2. analyse prevalence of ABI from any available data from general practitioners. Methods: A pilot postal survey was performed initially in order to assess the feasibility of the study. It was established that general practitioners did have the necessary information required to complete the questionnaire. A main postal survey was then undertaken. A postal questionnaire was administere...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3039
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A potential new pathway for Staphylococcus aureus dissemination: silent survival of S.aureus phagocytosed by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
(2008)
FOSTER, TIMOTHY JAMES
A potential new pathway for Staphylococcus aureus dissemination: silent survival of S.aureus phagocytosed by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
(2008)
FOSTER, TIMOTHY JAMES
Abstract:
Although considered to be an extracellular pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus is able to invade a variety of mammalian, non-professional phagocytes and can also survive engulfment by professional phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes. In both of these cell types S. aureus promptly escapes from the endosomes/phagosomes and proliferates within the cytoplasm, which quickly leads to host cell death. In this report we show that S. aureus interacted with human monocyte-derived macrophages in a very different way to those of other mammalian cells. Upon phagocytosis by macrophages, S. aureus persisted intracellularly in vacuoles for 3-4 days before escaping into the cytoplasm and causing host cell lysis. Until the point of host cell lysis the infected macrophages showed no signs of apoptosis or necrosis and were functional. They were able to eliminate intracellular staphylococci if prestimulated with interferon-gamma at concentrations equivalent to human therapeutic doses. S. aureus sur...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/39214
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A Prospective Analysis of the Relationship Between Chronic Diseases and Adiposity in older adults: Findings from the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohorts Study of a Thousand Families 2001-2014
(2016)
O'Reilly, P.; Heinen, M. M.; Viljoen, K.; O'Brien, J.; Somerville, R.; Murrin...
A Prospective Analysis of the Relationship Between Chronic Diseases and Adiposity in older adults: Findings from the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohorts Study of a Thousand Families 2001-2014
(2016)
O'Reilly, P.; Heinen, M. M.; Viljoen, K.; O'Brien, J.; Somerville, R.; Murrin, Celine; Kelleher, Cecily
Abstract:
This study assesses the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and adult chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus type 2 [DM2], cardiovascular diseases [CVD] and cancers), in grandparents in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study. BMI was either measured or reported, at baseline or 10-year follow-up, in 1,244 grandparents. Cumulative morbidity data were recorded at baseline, 3 and 10-year follow-up through questionnaires, General Practice note search or both. 42.4% of grandparents were overweight and 32.1% obese. In the multivariate analysis BMI showed a strong linear association with both DM2 (ptrend <0.001) and CVD (ptrend <0.001). There were no significant associations with cancers, but case numbers were small. Results were similar for waist circumference. This prospective study presents novel Irish data and confirms other recent Irish cross-sectional reports on adiposity and adult chronic disease, highlighting the need for effective health promotion interventions in old...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7806
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A psychology of the human brain–gut–microbiome axis
(2017)
Allen, Andrew P.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Clarke, Gerard; Cryan, John F.
A psychology of the human brain–gut–microbiome axis
(2017)
Allen, Andrew P.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Clarke, Gerard; Cryan, John F.
Abstract:
In recent years, we have seen increasing research within neuroscience and biopsychology on the interactions between the brain, the gastrointestinal tract, the bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, and the bidirectional relationship between these systems: the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Although research has demonstrated that the gut microbiota can impact upon cognition and a variety of stress-related behaviours, including those relevant to anxiety and depression, we still do not know how this occurs. A deeper understanding of how psychological development as well as social and cultural factors impact upon the brain–gut–microbiome axis will contextualise the role of the axis in humans and inform psychological interventions that improve health within the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Interventions ostensibly aimed at ameliorating disorders in one part of the brain–gut–microbiome axis (e.g., psychotherapy for depression) may nonetheless impact upon other parts of the axis (e.g., micr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3922
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A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in healthy adults: assessment of its delivery, transit and in fluence on microbial flora and enteric immunity
(2002)
Collins, Kevin J.; Dunne, Colum P.; Murphy, Lisa; Morrissey, Darrin; O'Mahony, Lia...
A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in healthy adults: assessment of its delivery, transit and in fluence on microbial flora and enteric immunity
(2002)
Collins, Kevin J.; Dunne, Colum P.; Murphy, Lisa; Morrissey, Darrin; O'Mahony, Liam; O'Sullivan, Eilís; Fitzgerald, Gerald; Kiely, Barry; O'Sullivan, Gerald C.; Daly, Charles; Marteau, Philippe; Shanahan, Fergus
Abstract:
In severa intestinal disease states, altered microflora, impaired gut barrier and:or intestinal in ammation offer a rationale for the effective therapeutic use of probiotic microorganisms. However , for most candidate probiotic organisms there is a lack of evidence detailing their characterisation and effects on host flora and immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterisation, from surgically resected segments of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also described subsequent animal experiments that evaluated the establishment , persistence and localisation of speci fic probiotic Lactobacillus strains within the murine intestinal tract, in addition to their ability to influence the development of murine in ammatory disorders. In these studies, transit and survival of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 at the ileum was demonstrated using enteral tube sampling of six healthy volunteer s following cons...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3051
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A randomised controlled trial of an exercise plus behaviour change intervention in people with multiple sclerosis: the step it up study protocol
(2014)
Coote, Susan; Gallagher, Stephen; Msetfi, Rachel M.; Larkin, Aidan; Newell, John; Motl,...
A randomised controlled trial of an exercise plus behaviour change intervention in people with multiple sclerosis: the step it up study protocol
(2014)
Coote, Susan; Gallagher, Stephen; Msetfi, Rachel M.; Larkin, Aidan; Newell, John; Motl, Robert; Hayes, Sara
Abstract:
Background: Exercise has consistently yielded short-term, positive effects on health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, these effects have not been maintained in the long-term. Behaviour change interventions aim to promote long-term positive lifestyle change. This study, namely, "Step it Up" will compare the effect of an exercise plus Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)-based behaviour change intervention with an exercise plus control education intervention on walking mobility among people with MS.Methods/design: People with a diagnosis of MS who walk independently, score of 0-3 on the Patient Determined Disease Steps, who have not experienced an MS relapse or change in their MS medication in the last 12 weeks and who are physically inactive will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo a 10-week exercise plus SCT-based behavioural change intervention. The control group will undergo a 10-week exercise plus education...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4416
Marked
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A review of the accuracy and utility of motion sensors to measure physical activity of frail older hospitalised patients.
(2015)
McCullagh, Ruth; Brady, Noeleen M.; Dillon, Christina B.; Horgan, N. Frances; Timmons, ...
A review of the accuracy and utility of motion sensors to measure physical activity of frail older hospitalised patients.
(2015)
McCullagh, Ruth; Brady, Noeleen M.; Dillon, Christina B.; Horgan, N. Frances; Timmons, Suzanne
Abstract:
The purpose of this review was to examine the utility and accuracy of commercially available motion sensors to measure step-count and time spent upright in frail older hospitalized patients. A database search (CINAHL and PubMed, 2004–2014) and a further hand search of papers’ references yielded 24 validation studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Fifteen motion sensors (eight pedometers, six accelerometers, and one sensor systems) have been tested in older adults. Only three have been tested in hospital patients, two of which detected postures and postural changes accurately, but none estimated step-count accurately. Only one motion sensor remained accurate at speeds typical of frail older hospitalized patients, but it has yet to be tested in this cohort. Time spent upright can be accurately measured in the hospital, but further validation studies are required to determine which, if any, motion sensor can accurately measure step-count.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3140
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