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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 684 on page 1 of 28
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‘….All the most approved modern arrangements': Building for mental health care at Monaghan, 1886-1950s
(2015)
NicGhabhann, Niamh
‘….All the most approved modern arrangements': Building for mental health care at Monaghan, 1886-1950s
(2015)
NicGhabhann, Niamh
Abstract:
n/a
This essay considers the building of St. Davnet's Hospital in Monaghan town, which was opened in 1869 as the Cavan and Monaghan District Lunatic Asylum. Based on extensive primary research from the records on site, this essay explores the history of this building within the context of institutional architecture in Ireland, across the British Empire, and the fate of the asylums within the Irish Free State.
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4431
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‘Around the edges’: Using behaviour change techniques to characterise a multilevel implementation strategy for a fall prevention programme
(2018)
McHugh, Sheena M.; Sinnott, C.; Racine, Emmy; Timmons, Suzanne; Byrne, M.; Kearney, Pat...
‘Around the edges’: Using behaviour change techniques to characterise a multilevel implementation strategy for a fall prevention programme
(2018)
McHugh, Sheena M.; Sinnott, C.; Racine, Emmy; Timmons, Suzanne; Byrne, M.; Kearney, Patricia M.
Abstract:
Background: Implementation strategies are needed to ensure that evidence-based healthcare interventions are adopted successfully. However, strategies are generally poorly described and those used in everyday practice are seldom reported formally or fully understood. Characterising the active ingredients of existing strategies is necessary to test and refine implementation. We examined whether an implementation strategy, delivered across multiple settings targeting different stakeholders to support a fall prevention programme, could be characterised using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy. Methods: Data sources included project plans, promotional material, interviews with a purposive sample of stakeholders involved in the strategy’s design and delivery and observations of staff training and information meetings. Data were analysed using TIDieR to describe the strategy and determine the levels at which it operated (organisational, professional, patient). The BCT Taxonomy i...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9207
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‘Participation is integral’: understanding the levers and barriers to the implementation of community participation in primary healthcare: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory
(2019)
McEvoy, Rachel; Tierney, Edel; MacFarlane, Anne E.
‘Participation is integral’: understanding the levers and barriers to the implementation of community participation in primary healthcare: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory
(2019)
McEvoy, Rachel; Tierney, Edel; MacFarlane, Anne E.
Abstract:
Background: Many international health policies recognise the World Health Organization’s (2008) vision that communities should be involved in shaping primary healthcare services. However, researchers continue to debate definitions, models, and operational challenges to community participation. Furthermore, there has been no use of implementation theory to study how community participation is introduced and embedded in primary healthcare in order to generate insights and transferrable lessons for making this so. Using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework, this qualitative study was designed to explore the levers and barriers to the implementation of community participation in primary healthcare as a routine way of working. Methods: We conducted two qualitative studies based on a national Initiative designed to support community participation in primary care in Ireland. We had a combined multi-stakeholder purposeful sample (n = 72), utilising documentary eviden...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8005
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"Nobody really gets it”: A qualitative exploration of youth mental health in deprived urban areas
(2014)
Schaffalitzky, Elizabeth; Leahy, Dorothy; Armstrong, Claire; Gavin, Blanaid; Latham, Li...
"Nobody really gets it”: A qualitative exploration of youth mental health in deprived urban areas
(2014)
Schaffalitzky, Elizabeth; Leahy, Dorothy; Armstrong, Claire; Gavin, Blanaid; Latham, Linda; McNicholas, Fiona; O'Connor, Ray; O'Toole, Thomas P.; Smyth, Bobby P.; Cullen, Walter
Abstract:
Aim: To explore and describe the experience of mental health and addiction for young people living in urban deprived areas in Ireland. Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 young adults attending health and social care agencies in two deprived urban areas, and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Five main themes were identified: experiencing symptoms, symptom progression, delay accessing help, loss of control/crisis point, and consequences of mental health and substance use issues. As young people delayed help, symptoms disrupted normal life progression and they found themselves unable to engage in every-day activities. Living in deprivation made it harder to avoid developing problems: many had added stressors, less familial support and early exposure to violence, addiction and bereavement. Conclusion: Young people in urban deprived areas are vulnerable to mental health and addiction issues. Early identification is necessary to halt this progre...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4533
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2-mercaptoethanol restores the ability of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) to bind DNA in nuclear extracts from interleukin 1-treated cells incubated with pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)
(1997)
O'NEILL, LUKE ANTHONY JOHN
2-mercaptoethanol restores the ability of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) to bind DNA in nuclear extracts from interleukin 1-treated cells incubated with pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)
(1997)
O'NEILL, LUKE ANTHONY JOHN
Abstract:
The metal chelator and anti-oxidant pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) has been used extensively in studies implicating reactive oxygen intermediates in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B). In agreement with other studies, we have shown that PDTC inhibits NF kappa B activation in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). However, we have found that the inhibition was reversed by treatment of inhibited nuclear extracts with the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol. This was observed in extracts prepared from IL1-treated EL4.NOB-1 thymoma cells and TNF-treated Jurkat E6.1 lymphoma cells. These results suggested that the inhibition was caused by oxidation of NF kappa B on a sensitive thiol, possibly on the p50 subunit (which was detected in NF kappa B complexes in both cell types), and not by inhibition of the activation pathway. The possibility that PDTC was acting as a pro-oxidant was therefore investigated. PDTC ca...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33734
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A common p73 polymorphism is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal carcinoma
(2001)
KELLEHER, DERMOT P; MCMANUS, ROSS
A common p73 polymorphism is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal carcinoma
(2001)
KELLEHER, DERMOT P; MCMANUS, ROSS
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rising; to date, no susceptibility genes have been identified. p73, a novel p53 homologue, maps to chromosome 1p36, a region commonly deleted in oesophageal cancers. p73 shares some p53-like activity, but in addition, may also play a role in gastrointestinal epithelial inflammatory responses. A non-coding p73 polymorphism (denoted AT or GC) may be functionally significant. We investigated whether this polymorphism might play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of oesophageal cancer. This was a case?control, retrospective study. 84 cases of oesophageal cancer (25 squamous and 59 adenocarcinoma) and 152 normal population controls were genotyped for this polymorphism. Informative cases were examined for p73 LOH within the tumour. AT/AT homozygotes were significantly less prevalent in the oesophageal cancer population (1/84 = 1.2%) compared to controls (15/152 = 9.9%) (P < 0.02), corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33836
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A cost-analysis of complex workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions
(2017)
Fitzgerald, Sarah; Kirby, Ann; Murphy, Aileen; Geaney, Fiona; Perry, Ivan J.
A cost-analysis of complex workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions
(2017)
Fitzgerald, Sarah; Kirby, Ann; Murphy, Aileen; Geaney, Fiona; Perry, Ivan J.
Abstract:
Background: The workplace has been identified as a priority setting to positively influence individuals’ dietary behaviours. However, a dearth of evidence exists regarding the costs of implementing and delivering workplace dietary interventions. This study aimed to conduct a cost-analysis of workplace nutrition education and environmental dietary modification interventions from an employer’s perspective. Methods: Cost data were obtained from a workplace dietary intervention trial, the Food Choice at Work Study. Micro-costing methods estimated costs associated with implementing and delivering the interventions for 1 year in four multinational manufacturing workplaces in Cork, Ireland. The workplaces were allocated to one of the following groups: control, nutrition education alone, environmental dietary modification alone and nutrition education and environmental dietary modification combined. A total of 850 employees were recruited across the four workplaces. For comparison purposes,...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3474
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A guidance framework to aid in the selection of nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators
(2019)
Murphy, Fiona A.; Doody, Owen; Lyons, Rosemary; Brenner, Maria; O'Connor, Laserina...
A guidance framework to aid in the selection of nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators
(2019)
Murphy, Fiona A.; Doody, Owen; Lyons, Rosemary; Brenner, Maria; O'Connor, Laserina; Hunter, Andrew; Devane, Declan; Sezgin, Duygu
Abstract:
Aim: To describe the development of a guidance framework to assist nurses and midwives in selecting nursing and midwifery care process metrics and indicators for use in practice. Background: Process metrics are measures of care provision activities by nurses and midwives. Methods: Phase 1 was a rapid review assessment of the literature conducted to identify an initial framework. Six electronic databases were searched with Google Scholar and reference tracking performed. Phase 2 was expert review of the developing framework by nursing and midwifery experts in practice, academia and an international expert in quality care metrics. Results: The literature assessment yielded 28 papers with 59 metric attributes identified. From this, a six‐domain framework was developed. Following expert review, the framework was reduced to four domains: “Process Focused,” “Important,” “Operational” and “Feasible.” Conclusions: This is the first framework specifically to guide nurses and midwives in sele...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7797
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A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A "Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity" (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review
(2017)
Carlin, Angela; Perchoux, Camille; Puggina, Anna; Aleksovska, Katina; Buck, Christoph; ...
A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A "Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity" (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review
(2017)
Carlin, Angela; Perchoux, Camille; Puggina, Anna; Aleksovska, Katina; Buck, Christoph; Burns, Con; Cardon, Greet; Chantal, Simon; Ciarapica, Donatella; Condello, Giancarlo; Coppinger, Tara; Cortis, Cristina; D'Haese, Sara; De Craemer, Marieke; Di Blasio, Andrea; Hansen, Sylvia; Iacoviello, Licia; Issartel, Johann; Izzicupo, Pascal; Jaeschke, Lina
Abstract:
Background Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive. Objective To identify the physical environmental determinants that influence PA across the life course. Methods An online systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The search was limited to studies published in English (January 2004 to April 2016). Only systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies, that investigated the association between physical determinants and physical activity outcomes, were eligible for inclusion. The extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and methodological quality. Results The literature search ide...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/6227
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A method to investigate radial glia cell behavior using two-photon time-lapse microscopy in an ex vivo model of spinal cord development
(2014)
Pakan, Janelle M. P.; McDermott, Kieran W.
A method to investigate radial glia cell behavior using two-photon time-lapse microscopy in an ex vivo model of spinal cord development
(2014)
Pakan, Janelle M. P.; McDermott, Kieran W.
Abstract:
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) develops from multipotent progenitor cells, which proliferate and differentiate into the various cell types of the brain and spinal cord. Despite the wealth of knowledge from progenitor cell culture studies, there is a significant lack of understanding regarding dynamic progenitor cell behavior over the course of development. This is in part due to shortcomings in the techniques available to study these processes in living tissues as they are occurring. In order to investigate cell behavior under physiologically relevant conditions we established an ex vivo model of the developing rat spinal cord. This method allows us to directly observe specific populations of cells ex vivo in real time and over extended developmental periods as they undergo proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the CNS. Previous investigations of progenitor cell behavior have been limited in either spatial or temporal resolution (or both) due to the necessity ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/5183
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A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children demonstrates complementary roles for humoral and cell mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis
(1998)
MILLS, KINGSTON
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The results of phase 3 efficacy trials have shown that acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. However, despite the advances in vaccine development, clinical trials have not provided significant new information on the mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Classical approaches based on measurement of antibody responses to individual antigens failed to define an immunological correlate of protection. A reliable animal model, predictive of acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccine potency in children, would facilitate an elucidation of the mechanism of immune protection against B. pertussis and would assist in the regulatory control and future development of pertussis vaccines. In this study, we have shown that the rate of B. pertussis clearance following respiratory challenge of immunized mice correlated with vaccine efficacy in children. Using this model together with mice with targeted disr...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/33375
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A national stakeholder consensus study of challenges and priorities for clinical learning environments in postgraduate medical education
(2017)
Kilty, Caroline; Wiese, Anel; Bergin, Colm; Flood, Patrick; Fu, Na; Horgan, Mary; Higgi...
A national stakeholder consensus study of challenges and priorities for clinical learning environments in postgraduate medical education
(2017)
Kilty, Caroline; Wiese, Anel; Bergin, Colm; Flood, Patrick; Fu, Na; Horgan, Mary; Higgins, Agnes; Maher, Bridget M.; O'Kane, Grainne; Prihodova, Lucia; Slattery, Dubhfeasa; Stoyanov, Slavi; Bennett, Deirdre
Abstract:
Background: High quality clinical learning environments (CLE) are critical to postgraduate medical education (PGME). The understaffed and overcrowded environments in which many residents work present a significant challenge to learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a national expert group consensus amongst stakeholders in PGME to; (i) identify important barriers and facilitators of learning in CLEs and (ii) indicate priority areas for improvement. Our objective was to provide information to focus efforts to provide high quality CLEs. Methods: Group Concept Mapping (GCM) is an integrated mixed methods approach to generating expert group consensus. A multi-disciplinary group of experts were invited to participate in the GCM process via an online platform. Multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyse participant inputs in regard to barriers, facilitators and priorities. Results: Participants identified facilitators and barriers in ten dom...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5378
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A new microtubule-targeting compound PBOX-15 inhibits T-cell migration via post-translational modifications of tubulin.
(2008)
MCELLIGOTT, ANTHONY
A new microtubule-targeting compound PBOX-15 inhibits T-cell migration via post-translational modifications of tubulin.
(2008)
MCELLIGOTT, ANTHONY
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The ordered, directional migration of T-lymphocytes is a key process during immune surveillance, immune response, and development. A novel series of pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepines have been shown to potently induce apoptosis in variety of human chemotherapy resistant cancer cell lines, indicating their potential in the treatment of both solid tumors and tumors derived from the hemopoietic system. Pyrrolobenzoxazepine 4-acetoxy-5-(1-naphtyl)naphtho[2,3-b]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]-oxazepine (PBOX-15) has been shown to depolymerize tubulin in vitro and in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. We hypothesized that this may suggest a role for this compound in modulating integrin-induced T-cell migration, which is largely dependent on the microtubule dynamics. Experiments were performed using human T lymphoma cell line Hut78 and peripheral blood T-lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors. We observed that human T-lymphocytes exposed to PBOX-15 have severely impaired ability to polariz...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/34446
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A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are emerging as key circuit components in regulating microbial stress responses and are implicated in modulating oxidative stress in the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The oxidative stress response encapsulates several strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. However, many of the regulatory components and associated molecular mechanisms underpinning this key adaptive response remain to be characterised. Comparative analysis of publically available transcriptomic datasets led to the identification of a novel LTTR, PA2206, whose expression was altered in response to a range of host signals in addition to oxidative stress. PA2206 was found to be required for tolerance to H2O2 in vitro and lethality in vivo in the Zebrafish embryo model of infection. Transcriptomic analysis in the presence of H2O2 showed that PA2206 altered the expression of 58 genes, including a large repertoire of oxid...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2395
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A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; ...
A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; Dobson, Alan D. W.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
A better understanding of the origin and natural reservoirs of resistance determinants is fundamental to efficiently tackle antibiotic resistance. This paper reports the identification of a novel 5.8 kb erythromycin resistance plasmid, from Bacillus sp. HS24 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. pBHS24B has a mosaic structure and carries the erythromycin resistance gene erm(T). This is the first report of an erythromycin resistance plasmid from a sponge associated bacteria and of the Erm(T) determinant in the genus Bacillus.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2318
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A pilot study of performance among hospitalised elderly patients on a novel test of visuospatial cognition: the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test.
(2016)
White, D.; Williams, O.A.; Leonard, Maeve; Exton, Chris; Adamis, Dimitrios; Hannigan, A...
A pilot study of performance among hospitalised elderly patients on a novel test of visuospatial cognition: the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test.
(2016)
White, D.; Williams, O.A.; Leonard, Maeve; Exton, Chris; Adamis, Dimitrios; Hannigan, Ailish; Cullen, Walter; Dunne, Colum P.; Meagher, David
Abstract:
Objectives. Conventional bedside tests of visuospatial function such as the clock drawing (CDT) and intersecting pentagons tests (IPT) are subject to considerable inconsistency in their delivery and interpretation. We compared performance on a novel test – the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test –with these conventional tests in hospitalised elderly patients. Methods. The LSD, IPT, CDT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed in 40 acute elderly medical inpatients at University Hospital Limerick The correlation between these tests was examined as well as the accuracy of the visuospatial tests to identify significant cognitive impairment on the MoCA. Results. The patients (mean age 81.0±7.71; 21 female) had a median MoCA score of 15.5 (range = 1–29). There was a strong, positive correlation between the LSD and both the CDT (r = 0.56) and IPT (r = 0.71). The correlation between the LSD and MoCA (r = 0.91) was greater than for the CDT and IPT (both 0.67). The LSD cor...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7724
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A pilot study of the duration of GP consultations in Ireland
(2019)
Pierse, Tom; Barry, Luke; Glynn, Liam G.; Quinlan, Diarmuid; Murphy, Andrew; O’Neill, C...
A pilot study of the duration of GP consultations in Ireland
(2019)
Pierse, Tom; Barry, Luke; Glynn, Liam G.; Quinlan, Diarmuid; Murphy, Andrew; O’Neill, Ciaran
Abstract:
Background: General practitioner (GP)-led primary care is the linchpin of health care in Ireland. Reflecting international trends, there are increasing concerns about the sustainability of the current Irish GP service due to an increasing workload. Objective data on the duration of GP consultations are currently not available in Ireland. The objective of this pilot study is to demonstrate how the duration of consultations can be collected, using readily available administrative data. Methods: Software was developed to extract the duration of GP consultations using the opening and closing of electronic patient records associated with a GP consultation. GP practices (N = 3) comprising 15 GPs were recruited from a university-affiliated research network. A retrospective analysis of GP consultations with patients with diabetes for the 9 years between 2010 and 2018 was used to assess the feasibility of using this system to measure the duration of consultations. Results: The average durati...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8488
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A polymorphism in the MTHFD1 gene increases a mother's risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss.
(2005)
MOLLOY, ANNE MARIE; SCOTT, JOHN MARTIN
A polymorphism in the MTHFD1 gene increases a mother's risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss.
(2005)
MOLLOY, ANNE MARIE; SCOTT, JOHN MARTIN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Low maternal folate or vitamin B12 status has been implicated in numerous pregnancy complications including spontaneous abortion. The primary aim of this study was to test a polymorphism within the trifunctional folate enzyme MTHFD1 (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase) for an association with a mother?s risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss. We genotyped 125 women who had at least one unexplained spontaneous abortion or intrauterine fetal death between 13 and 26 weeks gestation and 625 control women with no history of prior pregnancy loss. Our study is the first to identify an association between the MTHFD1 1958GA (R653Q) polymorphism and the maternal risk of having an unexplained second trimester pregnancy loss. Women who are MTHFD1 1958AA homozygous have a 1.64-fold increased risk of having an unexplained second trimester loss compared to women wh...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/34497
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A postal survey of data in general practice on the prevalence of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in patients aged 18–65 in one county in the west of Ireland
(2009)
Finnerty, Fionnuala; Glynn, Liam G.; Dineen, Brendan; Colfer, Finbarr; MacFarlane, Anne E.
A postal survey of data in general practice on the prevalence of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in patients aged 18–65 in one county in the west of Ireland
(2009)
Finnerty, Fionnuala; Glynn, Liam G.; Dineen, Brendan; Colfer, Finbarr; MacFarlane, Anne E.
Abstract:
Background: Very little is known about the prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in Ireland. ABI prevalence has previously been obtained from Belgian general practitioners using a postal survey. We attempted to ascertain the prevalence of ABI in County Mayo through a postal survey of all general practitioners in the county. The specific objectives of this project were to: 1. identify whether general practitioners are a. aware of patients with ABI aged 18–65 in their practices b. able to provide prevalence data on ABI in patients aged 18–65 c. able to provide data on age, gender and patient diagnosis 2. analyse prevalence of ABI from any available data from general practitioners. Methods: A pilot postal survey was performed initially in order to assess the feasibility of the study. It was established that general practitioners did have the necessary information required to complete the questionnaire. A main postal survey was then undertaken. A postal questionnaire was administere...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3039
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A potential new pathway for Staphylococcus aureus dissemination: silent survival of S.aureus phagocytosed by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
(2008)
FOSTER, TIMOTHY JAMES
A potential new pathway for Staphylococcus aureus dissemination: silent survival of S.aureus phagocytosed by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
(2008)
FOSTER, TIMOTHY JAMES
Abstract:
Although considered to be an extracellular pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus is able to invade a variety of mammalian, non-professional phagocytes and can also survive engulfment by professional phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes. In both of these cell types S. aureus promptly escapes from the endosomes/phagosomes and proliferates within the cytoplasm, which quickly leads to host cell death. In this report we show that S. aureus interacted with human monocyte-derived macrophages in a very different way to those of other mammalian cells. Upon phagocytosis by macrophages, S. aureus persisted intracellularly in vacuoles for 3-4 days before escaping into the cytoplasm and causing host cell lysis. Until the point of host cell lysis the infected macrophages showed no signs of apoptosis or necrosis and were functional. They were able to eliminate intracellular staphylococci if prestimulated with interferon-gamma at concentrations equivalent to human therapeutic doses. S. aureus sur...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/39214
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A protocol to measure the impact of intentional changes to nurse staffing and skill-mix in medical and surgical wards
(2018)
Drennan, Jonathan; Duffield, Christine; Scott, Anne Philomena; Ball, Jane; Brady, Noele...
A protocol to measure the impact of intentional changes to nurse staffing and skill-mix in medical and surgical wards
(2018)
Drennan, Jonathan; Duffield, Christine; Scott, Anne Philomena; Ball, Jane; Brady, Noeleen M.; Murphy, Aileen; Dahly, Darren L.; Savage, Eileen; Corcoran, Paul; Hegarty, Josephine; Griffiths, Peter
Abstract:
Aim: The aim of this research is to measure the impact planned changes to nurse staffing and skill-mix have on patient, nurse and organisational outcomes. Background: It has been highlighted that there are several design limitations in studies that explore the relationship between nurse staffing and patient, nurse and organisational outcomes; not least that the vast majority of research in this area emanates from studies that are predominantly observational in design. There are limited studies that measure nurse, patient, organisational and economic outcomes using a longitudinal design following a planned change in nurse staffing. Design: The research will employ a longitudinal, multimethod approach to evaluate the impact that planned changes in nurse staffing and skill-mix have on wards in three pilot hospitals. Methods: Administrative data collection will take place on a shift-by-shift basis prospectively over a three-year period including the measurement of nursing sensitive outc...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6508
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A psychology of the human brain–gut–microbiome axis
(2017)
Allen, Andrew P.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Clarke, Gerard; Cryan, John F.
A psychology of the human brain–gut–microbiome axis
(2017)
Allen, Andrew P.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Clarke, Gerard; Cryan, John F.
Abstract:
In recent years, we have seen increasing research within neuroscience and biopsychology on the interactions between the brain, the gastrointestinal tract, the bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, and the bidirectional relationship between these systems: the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Although research has demonstrated that the gut microbiota can impact upon cognition and a variety of stress-related behaviours, including those relevant to anxiety and depression, we still do not know how this occurs. A deeper understanding of how psychological development as well as social and cultural factors impact upon the brain–gut–microbiome axis will contextualise the role of the axis in humans and inform psychological interventions that improve health within the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Interventions ostensibly aimed at ameliorating disorders in one part of the brain–gut–microbiome axis (e.g., psychotherapy for depression) may nonetheless impact upon other parts of the axis (e.g., micr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3922
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A randomised controlled trial exploring the impact of a dedicated health and social care professionals team in the emergency department on the quality, safety, clinical and cost-effectiveness of care for older adults: a study protocol
(2019)
Cassarino, Marica; Robinson, Katie; O’Shaughnessy, Íde; Smalle, Eimear; White, Stephen;...
A randomised controlled trial exploring the impact of a dedicated health and social care professionals team in the emergency department on the quality, safety, clinical and cost-effectiveness of care for older adults: a study protocol
(2019)
Cassarino, Marica; Robinson, Katie; O’Shaughnessy, Íde; Smalle, Eimear; White, Stephen; Devlin, Collette; Quinn, Rosie; Trépe, Dominic; Boland, Fiona; Ward, Marie E.; McNamara, Rosa; O’Connor, Margaret; McCarthy, Gerard; Ryan, Damien; Galvin, Rose
Abstract:
Background: Older people are frequent emergency department (ED) users who present with complex issues that are linked to poorer health outcomes following the index visit, often have increased ED length of stay, and tend to have raised healthcare costs. Encouraging evidence suggests that ED teams involving health and social care professionals (HSCPs) can contribute to enhanced patient flow and an improved patient experience by improving care decision-making and thus promoting timely and effective care. However, the evidence supporting the impact of HSCP teams assessing and intervening with older adults in the ED is limited and identifies important methodological limitations, highlighting the need for more robust and comprehensive investigations of this model of care. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a dedicated ED-based HSCP team on the quality, safety, and clinical- and cost-effectiveness of care of older adults when compared with usual care. Methods: The study is a single-...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8188
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A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in healthy adults: assessment of its delivery, transit and in fluence on microbial flora and enteric immunity
(2002)
Collins, Kevin J.; Dunne, Colum P.; Murphy, Lisa; Morrissey, Darrin; O'Mahony, Lia...
A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in healthy adults: assessment of its delivery, transit and in fluence on microbial flora and enteric immunity
(2002)
Collins, Kevin J.; Dunne, Colum P.; Murphy, Lisa; Morrissey, Darrin; O'Mahony, Liam; O'Sullivan, Eilís; Fitzgerald, Gerald; Kiely, Barry; O'Sullivan, Gerald C.; Daly, Charles; Marteau, Philippe; Shanahan, Fergus
Abstract:
In severa intestinal disease states, altered microflora, impaired gut barrier and:or intestinal in ammation offer a rationale for the effective therapeutic use of probiotic microorganisms. However , for most candidate probiotic organisms there is a lack of evidence detailing their characterisation and effects on host flora and immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterisation, from surgically resected segments of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also described subsequent animal experiments that evaluated the establishment , persistence and localisation of speci fic probiotic Lactobacillus strains within the murine intestinal tract, in addition to their ability to influence the development of murine in ammatory disorders. In these studies, transit and survival of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 at the ileum was demonstrated using enteral tube sampling of six healthy volunteer s following cons...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3051
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A randomised controlled trial of an exercise plus behaviour change intervention in people with multiple sclerosis: the step it up study protocol
(2014)
Coote, Susan; Gallagher, Stephen; Msetfi, Rachel M.; Larkin, Aidan; Newell, John; Motl,...
A randomised controlled trial of an exercise plus behaviour change intervention in people with multiple sclerosis: the step it up study protocol
(2014)
Coote, Susan; Gallagher, Stephen; Msetfi, Rachel M.; Larkin, Aidan; Newell, John; Motl, Robert W.; Hayes, Sara
Abstract:
Background: Exercise has consistently yielded short-term, positive effects on health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, these effects have not been maintained in the long-term. Behaviour change interventions aim to promote long-term positive lifestyle change. This study, namely, "Step it Up" will compare the effect of an exercise plus Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)-based behaviour change intervention with an exercise plus control education intervention on walking mobility among people with MS.Methods/design: People with a diagnosis of MS who walk independently, score of 0-3 on the Patient Determined Disease Steps, who have not experienced an MS relapse or change in their MS medication in the last 12 weeks and who are physically inactive will be randomised to one of two study conditions. The experimental group will undergo a 10-week exercise plus SCT-based behavioural change intervention. The control group will undergo a 10-week exercise plus education...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4416
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