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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 161 on page 1 of 7
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A chemometric approach to characterize the aroma of selected brown and red edible seaweeds/extracts
(2020)
Garicano Vilar, Elena; O'Sullivan, Maurice G.; Kerry, Joseph P.; Kilcawley, Kieran N.
A chemometric approach to characterize the aroma of selected brown and red edible seaweeds/extracts
(2020)
Garicano Vilar, Elena; O'Sullivan, Maurice G.; Kerry, Joseph P.; Kilcawley, Kieran N.
Abstract:
Background: Information pertaining to the aromatic profile of seaweeds and seaweed extracts can provide evidence regarding their potential suitability as ingredients in processed foods. To date only limited material has been available on the volatile profiles of some seaweed species. Others in this study have not previously been described. The volatile profiles of dried brown (Himanthalia elongata, Undaria pinnatifida, Alaria esculenta) and red (Porphyra umbilicalis, Palmaria palmata) seaweeds, and a brown seaweed extract (fucoxanthin) from Laminaria japonica were investigated using a chemometric approach to collate data from volatile gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS), direct sensory aroma evaluation, and gas‐chromatography – olfactometry (GC‐O) to obtain a better understanding of their volatile profile and sensory perception. Results: More than 100 volatile compounds were identified by static headspace solid phase micro‐extraction (HS‐SPME) and thermal desorption gas c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10663
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A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona; Ross, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Stanton, Catherine; Cotter, Paul D.
A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona; Ross, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Stanton, Catherine; Cotter, Paul D.
Abstract:
Background: The potential for the human gut microbiota to serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes has been the subject of recent discussion. However, this has yet to be investigated using a rapid PCR-based approach. In light of this, here we aim to determine if degenerate PCR primers can detect aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, without the need for an initial culture-based screen for resistant isolates. In doing so, we would determine if the gut microbiota of healthy adults, lacking recent antibiotic exposure, is a reservoir for resistance genes. Results: The strategy employed resulted in the identification of numerous aminoglycoside (acetylation, adenylation and phosphorylation) and β-lactam (including bla OXA, bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M) resistance gene homologues. On the basis of homology, it would appear that these genes originated from different bacterial taxa, with members of the Enterobacteriaceae being a pa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2253
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A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; ...
A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; Dobson, Alan D. W.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
A better understanding of the origin and natural reservoirs of resistance determinants is fundamental to efficiently tackle antibiotic resistance. This paper reports the identification of a novel 5.8 kb erythromycin resistance plasmid, from Bacillus sp. HS24 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. pBHS24B has a mosaic structure and carries the erythromycin resistance gene erm(T). This is the first report of an erythromycin resistance plasmid from a sponge associated bacteria and of the Erm(T) determinant in the genus Bacillus.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2318
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A structure activity-relationship study of the bacterial signal molecule HHQ reveals swarming motility inhibition in Bacillus atrophaeus
(2015)
Reen, F. Jerry; Shanahan, Rachel; Cano, Rafael; O'Gara, Fergal; McGlacken, Gerard P.
A structure activity-relationship study of the bacterial signal molecule HHQ reveals swarming motility inhibition in Bacillus atrophaeus
(2015)
Reen, F. Jerry; Shanahan, Rachel; Cano, Rafael; O'Gara, Fergal; McGlacken, Gerard P.
Abstract:
The sharp rise in antimicrobial resistance has been matched by a decline in the identification and clinical introduction of new classes of drugs to target microbial infections. Thus new approaches are being sought to counter the pending threat of a post-antibiotic era. In that context, the use of non-growth limiting small molecules, that target virulence behaviour in pathogens, has emerged as a solution with real clinical potential. We have previously shown that two signal molecules (HHQ and PQS) from the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have modulatory activity towards other microorganisms. This current study involves the synthesis and evaluation of analogues of HHQ towards swarming and biofilm virulence behaviour in Bacillus atrophaeus, a soil bacterium and co-inhibitor with P. aeruginosa. Compounds with altered C6-C8 positions on the anthranilate-derived ring of HHQ, display a surprising degree of biological specificity, with certain candidates displaying complete motil...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2173
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A study of consumers' attitudes towards food products containing protein derived from beef offal
(2020)
Lavranou, Georgia
A study of consumers' attitudes towards food products containing protein derived from beef offal
(2020)
Lavranou, Georgia
Abstract:
A considerable body of research work has identified that beef fifth quarter contains high amounts of protein which can be extracted, leading to the opportunities for the development of new applications in the food industry. However, many parts of beef fifth quarter are currently underutilised for this purpose due to current practices within the beef sector. Besides the significant research investment within the area of beef fifth quarter protein valorisation, a challenge may lie in consumers' evaluations of food products containing protein extracted from beef fifth quarter. A nationally representative survey (n=953) was undertaken to investigate Irish consumers' attitudes towards hypothetical food products containing protein derived from beef offal sources. Based on an experimental design from the outset, this study explored what attitude processes (intuitive and/or deliberate) dominate attitude formation towards food products containing protein derived from beef offal and...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9991
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Actinomyces produces defensin-like bacteriocins (Actifensins) with a highly degenerate structure and broad antimicrobial activity
(2020)
Sugrue, Ivan; O'Connor, Paula M.; Hill, Colin; Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R. Paul
Actinomyces produces defensin-like bacteriocins (Actifensins) with a highly degenerate structure and broad antimicrobial activity
(2020)
Sugrue, Ivan; O'Connor, Paula M.; Hill, Colin; Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R. Paul
Abstract:
We identified a strain of Actinomyces ruminicola which produces a potent bacteriocin with activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, many of which are pathogenic to animals and humans. The bacteriocin was purified and found to have a mass of 4,091 ± 1 Da with a sequence of GFGCNLITSNPYQCSNHCKSVGYRGGYCKLRTVCTCY containing three disulfide bridges. Surprisingly, near relatives of actifensin were found to be a series of related eukaryotic defensins displaying greater than 50% identity to the bacteriocin. A pangenomic screen further revealed that production of actifensin-related bacteriocins is a common trait within the genus, with 47 being encoded in 161 genomes. Furthermore, these bacteriocins displayed a remarkable level of diversity with a mean amino acid identity of only 52% between strains/species. This level of redundancy suggests that this new class of bacteriocins may provide a very broad structural basis on which to deliver and design new broad-spectrum antimicro...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9795
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Administration of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularly IL-1beta and IL-8 gene expression
(2009)
Beecher, Christine; Daly, Mairead; Berry, Donagh P.; Klostermann, Katja; Flynn, James; ...
Administration of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularly IL-1beta and IL-8 gene expression
(2009)
Beecher, Christine; Daly, Mairead; Berry, Donagh P.; Klostermann, Katja; Flynn, James; Meaney, William; Hill, Colin; McCarthy, Tommie V.; Ross, R. Paul; Giblin, Linda
Abstract:
Mastitis is one of the most costly diseases to the dairy farming industry. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsatisfactory for successful treatment of mastitis and alternative treatments are continually under investigation. We have previously demonstrated, in two separate field trials, that a probiotic culture, Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147, was comparable to antibiotic therapy to treat bovine mastitis. To understand the mode of action of this therapeutic, we looked at the detailed immune response of the host to delivery of this live strain directly into the mammary gland of six healthy dairy cows. All animals elicited signs of udder inflammation 7 h post infusion. At this time, clots were visible in the milk of all animals in the investigation. The most pronounced increase in immune gene expression was observed in Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8, with highest expression corresponding to peaks in somatic cell count. Infusion with a live culture of a Lc. lactis leads to a rapid an...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1099
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Advances in the genomics and metabolomics of dairy lactobacilli: A review
(2016)
Stefanovic, Ewelina; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; McAuliffe, Olivia
Advances in the genomics and metabolomics of dairy lactobacilli: A review
(2016)
Stefanovic, Ewelina; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; McAuliffe, Olivia
Abstract:
The Lactobacillus genus represents the largest and most diverse genera of all the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), encompassing species with applications in industrial, biotechnological and medical fields. The increasing number of available Lactobacillus genome sequences has allowed understanding of genetic and metabolic potential of this LAB group. Pangenome and core genome studies are available for numerous species, demonstrating the plasticity of the Lactobacillus genomes and providing the evidence of niche adaptability. Advancements in the application of lactobacilli in the dairy industry lie in exploring the genetic background of their commercially important characteristics, such as flavour development potential or resistance to the phage attack. The integration of available genomic and metabolomic data through the generation of genome scale metabolic models has enabled the development of computational models that predict the behaviour of organisms under specific conditions and pres...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5004
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Amendment of cattle slurry with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide during storage: A new effective and practical N2O mitigation measure for landspreading
(2016)
Minet, E.P.; Jahangir, M.M.R.; Krol, D.J.; Rochford, N.; Fenton, O.; Rooney, A. Denise;...
Amendment of cattle slurry with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide during storage: A new effective and practical N2O mitigation measure for landspreading
(2016)
Minet, E.P.; Jahangir, M.M.R.; Krol, D.J.; Rochford, N.; Fenton, O.; Rooney, A. Denise; Lanigan, G.; Forrestal, P.J.; Breslin, Carmel B.; Richards, K.G.
Abstract:
Large quantities of organic manures and soiled water are generated by cattle housing every year. These organic wastes are stored until soil conditions are suitable for landspreading or there is a crop requirement for nutrients. After land application, some nitrogen (N) is lost through the direct emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) produced by nitrification and partial denitrification of mineral N. The objective of this research was to investigate whether N2O losses could be mitigated after applying cattle slurry pre-mixed with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) during anaerobic storage. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, DCD mixed with slurry did not degrade for up to six months post amendment during an incubation study. These results highlight the feasibility of amending cattle slurry with DCD directly into slurry tanks any time before land application. This incubation experiment also showed that a slow release of DCD in slurry could be ac...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/10748/
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An examination of the molecular control of feed efficiency in beef cattle
(2018)
MCKENNA, CLARE
An examination of the molecular control of feed efficiency in beef cattle
(2018)
MCKENNA, CLARE
Abstract:
Global agriculture is faced with the enormous challenge of feeding a rapidly growing population while being cognizant of the environmental footprint of such endeavours. A consequence of increased meat consumption worldwide is an increase in demand for animal feed. As feed provision is the single largest cost incurred by beef farmers, cattle with improved feed efficiency are central to profitable, sustainable and efficient beef production. A major constraint to genetic progress in feed efficiency is the difficulty and enormous expense of measuring it directly. Therefore, robust cost-effective molecular-based biomarkers for feed efficiency are necessary. This multidisciplinary thesis aimed to: (i) establish and physiologically characterise two populations of cattle, genetically and phenotypically divergent for feed efficiency as measured by residual feed intake (RFI); (ii) examine the premise that efficiency of energy transduction in cattle is a function of mitochondrial a...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83761
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An immortalized genetic mapping population for perennial ryegrass: a resource for phenotyping and complex trait mapping
(2018)
Velmurugan, Janaki; Milbourne, Dan; Connolly, Vincent; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.; Anhalt, ...
An immortalized genetic mapping population for perennial ryegrass: a resource for phenotyping and complex trait mapping
(2018)
Velmurugan, Janaki; Milbourne, Dan; Connolly, Vincent; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.; Anhalt, Ulrike C. M.; Lynch, M. B.; Barth, Susanne
Abstract:
To address the lack of a truly portable, universal reference mapping population for perennial ryegrass, we have been developing a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population of perennial ryegrass derived via single seed descent from a well-characterized F2 mapping population based on genetically distinct inbred parents in which the natural self-incompatibility (SI) system of perennial ryegrass has been overcome. We examined whether it is possible to create a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) based genetic linkage map in a small population of the F6 generation of this population. We used 41 F6 genotypes for GBS with PstI/MspI-based libraries. We successfully developed a genetic linkage map comprising 6074 SNP markers, placing a further 22080 presence and absence variation (PAV) markers on the map. We examined the resulting genetic map for general and RIL specific features. Overall segregation distortion levels were similar to those experienced in the F2 generation, but segregation ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6840
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An investigation of the prebiotic potential and gut health benefits of Irish seaweeds
(2017)
Collins, Kenneth G.
An investigation of the prebiotic potential and gut health benefits of Irish seaweeds
(2017)
Collins, Kenneth G.
Abstract:
Seaweeds are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Compounds from seaweeds have exhibited a wide range of therapeutic activities and seaweeds have now been proposed as a new source of prebiotics. Firstly, the bifidogenic potential of 15 Irish seaweeds was assessed using in vitro anaerobic fermentations. This investigation suggests that different Bifidobacterium species can utilise seaweed carbohydrates as their sole carbon source for growth, with the greatest bifidogenic activity exhibited by Fucus serratus. Following this, the prebiotic potential of F. serratus was investigated using a faecal fermentation approach. An extract was prepared using a hot-acid extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, size-exclusion dialysis and a simulated gastric digestion. While not all the expected prebiotic markers were met, an increase in the production of SCFA, especially propionate, is a positive outcome for promoting overall gut health and in combating obesity th...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6557
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Antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona
Antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona
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Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat to our ability to treat infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, as well as the potential for such populations to act as a reservoir for resistance genes, is imperative. This thesis set out to investigate the gut microbiota of antibiotic treated infants compared to untreated controls using high-throughput DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the significant effects of antibiotic treatment, resulting in increased proportions of Proteobacteria and decreased proportions of Bifidobacterium. The species diversity of bifidobacteria was also reduced. This thesis also highlights the ability of the human gut microbiota to act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir. Using metagenomic DNA extracted from faecal samples from adult males, PCR was employed to demonstrate the prevalence and diversity of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the adult gut microbiota and highlighted the merits...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3440
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Application of a cascade membrane filtration process to standardise serum protein depleted cheese milk for cheddar cheese manufacture
(2020)
Xia, Xiaofeng; Tobin, John T.; Sharma, Prateek; Fenelon, Mark; McSweeney, Paul L. H.; S...
Application of a cascade membrane filtration process to standardise serum protein depleted cheese milk for cheddar cheese manufacture
(2020)
Xia, Xiaofeng; Tobin, John T.; Sharma, Prateek; Fenelon, Mark; McSweeney, Paul L. H.; Sheehan, Jeremiah J.
Abstract:
A cascade membrane filtration process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was used to fractionate skim milk into different streams. Significant quantities of lactose and minerals were removed to permeate after MF at 0.14 μm. Cheese milk, of similar casein content to the raw milk, was standardised simultaneously for casein, lactose, ash and total calcium from the membrane streams without requiring CaCl2 and lactose addition. Serum protein depleted cheese milk of typical casein content had similar rennet coagulability, cheese composition, texture and yield to the control; milk of 1.5 × casein content had a faster coagulation rate and resulted in cheese of lower moisture content. On a dry matter basis, the serum protein content of MF permeate concentrated by UF was significantly higher than that in cheese whey (51.54% versus 5.63–9.45%), with significantly lower contents of ash (0.95% versus 7.11–7.53%) and lactose (9.50% versus 61.98–70.35%).
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10455
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Application of genomic tools for Irish pasture improvement
(2018)
AROJJU, SAI KRISHNA
Application of genomic tools for Irish pasture improvement
(2018)
AROJJU, SAI KRISHNA
Abstract:
The conventional way to improve populations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), the most important forage grass in Ireland, is through recurrent selection. However, despite breeding for nearly a century, the rate of genetic improvement in perennial ryegrass is still in its infancy compared to cereals. This thesis investigates the use of molecular markers and genomic information to accelerate genetic gains for key traits in the forage species perennial ryegrass. Genomic prediction is one approach that shows promise to accelerate the rate of genetic gain in forage breeding. In genomic prediction all markers are simultaneously used to estimate allelic effects without significant testing. Genomic prediction was evaluated in this thesis in two scenarios, (i) for traits evaluated on diploid perennial ryegrass spaced plants, and (ii) traits evaluated using progeny based phenotyping in tetraploid perennial ryegrass. Genomic predictive ability for crown rust resistance (Puccinia corona...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82734
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Application of ultrasound technology for functional meat products
(2017)
Ojha, K. Shikha
Application of ultrasound technology for functional meat products
(2017)
Ojha, K. Shikha
Abstract:
With increasing consumer awareness of health and nutrition, the meat processing industry is eager to engage in a search for innovative ways of processing and developing novel meat products with potential health benefits. Novel processing technologies including ultrasound (US) technology can offer several benefits for versatile applications in food processing. In relation to meat processing, US technology has previously been investigated for many potential applications including accelerated brining, tenderisation, rapid cooking, faster thawing and decontamination of muscle-based food products. This thesis assesses the feasibility of employing US technology to assist in the development of functional meat products. To achieve this objective, a series of five studies were carried out. The first study investigated the efficacy of high intensity US on the fermentation profile of Lactobacillus sakei (a starter culture used for meat fermentation) in a meat model system. This study observed ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5768
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Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriët; Kilca...
Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriët; Kilcawley, Kieran N.; Cryan, John F.; Giblin, Linda
Abstract:
Diacetyl is a volatile flavour compound that has a characteristic buttery aroma and is widely used in the flavour industry. The aroma of a food plays an important role in food palatability and thus intake. This study investigates the effect of diacetyl on the satiety hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), using the enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1. Diacetyl decreased proglucagon mRNA and total GLP-1 from glucose stimulated STC-1 cells. This dampening effect on GLP-1 appears to be mediated by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, increasing synthesis of the G protein coupled receptor, GPR120, and its recruitment to the cell surface. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels, K+ATP channels and the α-gustducin taste pathway do not appear to be involved. These findings demonstrate that components contributing to food palatability suppress GLP-1. This ability of diacetyl to reduce satiety signals may contribute to overconsumption of some palatable foods.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3969
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Assessment of different novel approaches to accelerate cheese ripening for a range of applications
(2014)
Yarlagadda, Anil Babu
Assessment of different novel approaches to accelerate cheese ripening for a range of applications
(2014)
Yarlagadda, Anil Babu
Abstract:
The aims of this thesis were to investigate the potential of different methods to accelerate Cheddar cheese ripening, individually and in combination. The following approaches to accelerate Cheddar cheese ripening were evaluated; (a) addition of lactic acid bacteria adjuncts attenuated by microfluidization selected on their enzymatic and metabolic potential, (b) addition of entrapped lactococcal cell free extracts in yeast attenuated by microfluidization (c) inclusion of spray dried enzymemodified cheese to the Cheddar making process (d) use of elevated ripening temperatures and (e) combinations of the above approaches. Initially several strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened for key intracellular enzymes and metabolic activities pre- and post-attenuation in broth, and subsequently in a sodium caseinate model system for their ability to generate volatiles associated with cheese flavour. Based on these results, strains with the greatest potential were attenuated by microfluidi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4437
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Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models
(2016)
Phelan, John P.; Reen, F. Jerry; Dunphy, Niall; O'Connor, Rosemary; O'Gara, F...
Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models
(2016)
Phelan, John P.; Reen, F. Jerry; Dunphy, Niall; O'Connor, Rosemary; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The role of the microbiome has become synonymous with human health and disease. Bile acids, as essential components of the microbiome, have gained sustained credibility as potential modulators of cancer progression in several disease models. At physiological concentrations, bile acids appear to influence cancer phenotypes, although conflicting data surrounds their precise physiological mechanism of action. Previously, we demonstrated bile acids destabilised the HIF-1α subunit of the Hypoxic-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor. HIF-1 overexpression is an early biomarker of tumour metastasis and is associated with tumour resistance to conventional therapies, and poor prognosis in a range of different cancers. METHODS: Here we investigated the effects of bile acids on the cancer growth and migratory potential of cell lines where HIF-1α is known to be active under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α status was investigated in A-549 lung, DU-145 prostate and MCF-7 breast c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3190
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Bile signalling promotes chronic respiratory infections and antibiotic tolerance
(2016)
Reen, F. Jerry; Flynn, Stephanie; Woods, David F.; Dunphy, Niall; Ní Chróinín, Muireann...
Bile signalling promotes chronic respiratory infections and antibiotic tolerance
(2016)
Reen, F. Jerry; Flynn, Stephanie; Woods, David F.; Dunphy, Niall; Ní Chróinín, Muireann; Mullane, David; Stick, Stephen; Adams, Claire; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
Despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy, many respiratory pathogens persist in the lung, underpinning the chronic inflammation and eventual lung decline that are characteristic of respiratory disease. Recently, bile acid aspiration has emerged as a major comorbidity associated with a range of lung diseases, shaping the lung microbiome and promoting colonisation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. In order to uncover the molecular mechanism through which bile modulates the respiratory microbiome, a combination of global transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of the P. aeruginosa response to bile was undertaken. Bile responsive pathways responsible for virulence, adaptive metabolism, and redox control were identified, with macrolide and polymyxin antibiotic tolerance increased significantly in the presence of bile. Bile acids, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in particular, elicited chronic biofilm behaviour in P. aeruginosa, while induction of the pro-inflamm...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4167
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Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene encapsulated in model O/W emulsions: influence of initial droplet size and emulsifiers
(2017)
Lu, Wei; Kelly, Alan L.; Miao, Song
Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene encapsulated in model O/W emulsions: influence of initial droplet size and emulsifiers
(2017)
Lu, Wei; Kelly, Alan L.; Miao, Song
Abstract:
The effects of the initial emulsion structure (droplet size and emulsifier) on the properties of β-carotene-loaded emulsions and the bioavailability of β-carotene after passing through simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion were investigated. Exposure to GIT significantly changed the droplet size, surface charge and composition of all emulsions, and these changes were dependent on their initial droplet size and the emulsifiers used. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized emulsion showed the highest β-carotene bioaccessibility, while sodium caseinate (SCN)-stabilized emulsion showed the highest cellular uptake of β-carotene. The bioavailability of emulsion-encapsulated β-carotene based on the results of bioaccessibility and cellular uptake showed the same order with the results of cellular uptake being SCN > TW80 > WPI. An inconsistency between the results of bioaccessibility and bioavailability was observed, indicating that the cellular uptake assay is necessary for a...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5156
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Bioengineering of nisin to enhance functionality against dairy pathogens
(2014)
Healy, Brian
Bioengineering of nisin to enhance functionality against dairy pathogens
(2014)
Healy, Brian
Abstract:
The bacteriocin class of antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a viable alternative to at least partially fill the void created by the end of the golden age of antibiotic discovery. Along with this potential use in a clinical setting, bacteriocins also play an important role as bio-preservatives in the food industry. This thesis focuses on a specific bacteriocin group, the lantibiotics (Lanthionine-containing antibiotics). Their numerous methods of appliance in a food setting and how their gene-encoded nature can be modified to improve on overall bioactivity and functionality are explored here. The use of a lantibiotic (lacticin 3147) producing starter culture to control the Crohn’s disease-linked pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was assessed in a raw milk cheese. Although lacticin 3147 production did not effectively control the pathogen, the study provided an impetus to employ a variety of PCR-based mutagenesis techniques with a view to the creation of enhanced lantibiotic ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2696
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Biomethane production from grass silage: laboratory assessment to maximise yields
(2015)
Wall, David M.
Biomethane production from grass silage: laboratory assessment to maximise yields
(2015)
Wall, David M.
Abstract:
On-farm biogas production is typically associated with forage maize as the biomass source. Digesters are designed and operated with the focus of optimising the conditions for this feedstock. Thus, such systems may not be ideally suited to the digestion of grass. Ireland has ca. 3.85 million ha of grassland. Annual excess grass, surplus to livestock requirements, could potentially fuel an anaerobic digestion industry. Biomethane associated with biomass from 1.1 % of grassland in Ireland, could potentially generate over 10 % renewable energy supply in transport. This study aims to identify and optimise technologies for the production of biomethane from grass silage. Mono-digestion of grass silage and co-digestion with slurry, as would occur on Irish farms, is investigated in laboratory trials. Grass silage was shown to have 7 times greater methane potential than dairy slurry on a fresh weight basis (107 m3 t-1 v 16 m3 t-1). However, comprehensive trace element profiles indicated that ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2103
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Breakage of infant milk formula through three different processing methods and its influence on powder properties
(2020)
Han, Jie; Fitzpatrick, John; Cronin, Kevin; Maidannyk, Valentyn; Miao, Song
Breakage of infant milk formula through three different processing methods and its influence on powder properties
(2020)
Han, Jie; Fitzpatrick, John; Cronin, Kevin; Maidannyk, Valentyn; Miao, Song
Abstract:
Dairy powder breakage has always occurred during production and transportation though few studies on it have been published. This paper examines the breakage of infant formula using three different processing methods (laboratory high-speed mixing, lab-scale pneumatic conveying, and factory-scale blending) and the effect of breakage on powder properties. In both mixing and high-velocity pneumatic conveying, particles were broken into smaller entities and the particle size of samples significantly decreased. Particle breakage was accompanied by a significant decrease in porosity and increase in density and surface free fat. This in-turn decreased the rehydration properties of samples, especially for high-speed mixing, while breakage had only a small influence on powder flowability. By contrast, some agglomeration occurred during blending for short time in the blender and the particle size did not decrease (P > 0.05) even for blending at longer time, thus, there were only minor impa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10458
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Cervical mucus sialic acid content determines the ability of frozen-thawed ram sperm to migrate through the cervix
(2019)
Richardson, L.; Hanrahan, J.P.; Tharmalingam, T.; Carrington, S. D.; Lonergan, Patrick;...
Cervical mucus sialic acid content determines the ability of frozen-thawed ram sperm to migrate through the cervix
(2019)
Richardson, L.; Hanrahan, J.P.; Tharmalingam, T.; Carrington, S. D.; Lonergan, Patrick; Evans, A. C. O.; Fair, Seán
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the properties and to functionally characterize the cervical mucus that modulates sperm transport through the cervix by using ewe breeds with a divergent pregnancy rate (Belclare and Suffolk; high and low, respectively) following cervical insemination using frozen-thawed semen. Sperm number, as well as sialic acid and fricose content in both the channels and in the lumen of different regions of the cervix were quantified in inseminated Belclare and Suffolk ewes. Expression of glycosyltransferase and MUC genes, glycosidase activity and sialic acid speciation in follicular phase cervical tissue and mucus were assessed. More spermatozoa were found in the cervical channels in the region dosest to the cervical os in Belclare than Suffolk ewes (P< 0.05) and Suffolk ewes had a higher sialic acid content in the cervical channels than Belclare ewes (P < 0.05) in all regions of cervix. Suffolk ewes had significantly higher expression of F...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7610
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