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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 144 on page 1 of 6
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A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona; Ross, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Stanton, Catherine; Cotter, Paul D.
A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona; Ross, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Stanton, Catherine; Cotter, Paul D.
Abstract:
Background: The potential for the human gut microbiota to serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes has been the subject of recent discussion. However, this has yet to be investigated using a rapid PCR-based approach. In light of this, here we aim to determine if degenerate PCR primers can detect aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, without the need for an initial culture-based screen for resistant isolates. In doing so, we would determine if the gut microbiota of healthy adults, lacking recent antibiotic exposure, is a reservoir for resistance genes. Results: The strategy employed resulted in the identification of numerous aminoglycoside (acetylation, adenylation and phosphorylation) and β-lactam (including bla OXA, bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M) resistance gene homologues. On the basis of homology, it would appear that these genes originated from different bacterial taxa, with members of the Enterobacteriaceae being a pa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2253
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A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; ...
A novel erythromycin resistance plasmid from Bacillus sp strain HS24, isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans
(2014)
Barbosa, Teresa M.; Phelan, Robert W.; Leong, Dara; Morrissey, John P.; Adams, Claire; Dobson, Alan D. W.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
A better understanding of the origin and natural reservoirs of resistance determinants is fundamental to efficiently tackle antibiotic resistance. This paper reports the identification of a novel 5.8 kb erythromycin resistance plasmid, from Bacillus sp. HS24 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. pBHS24B has a mosaic structure and carries the erythromycin resistance gene erm(T). This is the first report of an erythromycin resistance plasmid from a sponge associated bacteria and of the Erm(T) determinant in the genus Bacillus.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2318
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A structure activity-relationship study of the bacterial signal molecule HHQ reveals swarming motility inhibition in Bacillus atrophaeus
(2015)
Reen, F. Jerry; Shanahan, Rachel; Cano, Rafael; O'Gara, Fergal; McGlacken, Gerard P.
A structure activity-relationship study of the bacterial signal molecule HHQ reveals swarming motility inhibition in Bacillus atrophaeus
(2015)
Reen, F. Jerry; Shanahan, Rachel; Cano, Rafael; O'Gara, Fergal; McGlacken, Gerard P.
Abstract:
The sharp rise in antimicrobial resistance has been matched by a decline in the identification and clinical introduction of new classes of drugs to target microbial infections. Thus new approaches are being sought to counter the pending threat of a post-antibiotic era. In that context, the use of non-growth limiting small molecules, that target virulence behaviour in pathogens, has emerged as a solution with real clinical potential. We have previously shown that two signal molecules (HHQ and PQS) from the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have modulatory activity towards other microorganisms. This current study involves the synthesis and evaluation of analogues of HHQ towards swarming and biofilm virulence behaviour in Bacillus atrophaeus, a soil bacterium and co-inhibitor with P. aeruginosa. Compounds with altered C6-C8 positions on the anthranilate-derived ring of HHQ, display a surprising degree of biological specificity, with certain candidates displaying complete motil...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2173
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Administration of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularly IL-1beta and IL-8 gene expression
(2009)
Beecher, Christine; Daly, Mairead; Berry, Donagh P.; Klostermann, Katja; Flynn, James; ...
Administration of a live culture of Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularly IL-1beta and IL-8 gene expression
(2009)
Beecher, Christine; Daly, Mairead; Berry, Donagh P.; Klostermann, Katja; Flynn, James; Meaney, William; Hill, Colin; McCarthy, Tommie V.; Ross, R. Paul; Giblin, Linda
Abstract:
Mastitis is one of the most costly diseases to the dairy farming industry. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsatisfactory for successful treatment of mastitis and alternative treatments are continually under investigation. We have previously demonstrated, in two separate field trials, that a probiotic culture, Lactococcus lactis DPC 3147, was comparable to antibiotic therapy to treat bovine mastitis. To understand the mode of action of this therapeutic, we looked at the detailed immune response of the host to delivery of this live strain directly into the mammary gland of six healthy dairy cows. All animals elicited signs of udder inflammation 7 h post infusion. At this time, clots were visible in the milk of all animals in the investigation. The most pronounced increase in immune gene expression was observed in Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8, with highest expression corresponding to peaks in somatic cell count. Infusion with a live culture of a Lc. lactis leads to a rapid an...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1099
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Advances in the genomics and metabolomics of dairy lactobacilli: A review
(2016)
Stefanovic, Ewelina; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; McAuliffe, Olivia
Advances in the genomics and metabolomics of dairy lactobacilli: A review
(2016)
Stefanovic, Ewelina; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; McAuliffe, Olivia
Abstract:
The Lactobacillus genus represents the largest and most diverse genera of all the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), encompassing species with applications in industrial, biotechnological and medical fields. The increasing number of available Lactobacillus genome sequences has allowed understanding of genetic and metabolic potential of this LAB group. Pangenome and core genome studies are available for numerous species, demonstrating the plasticity of the Lactobacillus genomes and providing the evidence of niche adaptability. Advancements in the application of lactobacilli in the dairy industry lie in exploring the genetic background of their commercially important characteristics, such as flavour development potential or resistance to the phage attack. The integration of available genomic and metabolomic data through the generation of genome scale metabolic models has enabled the development of computational models that predict the behaviour of organisms under specific conditions and pres...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5004
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An examination of the molecular control of feed efficiency in beef cattle
(2018)
MCKENNA, CLARE
An examination of the molecular control of feed efficiency in beef cattle
(2018)
MCKENNA, CLARE
Abstract:
Global agriculture is faced with the enormous challenge of feeding a rapidly growing population while being cognizant of the environmental footprint of such endeavours. A consequence of increased meat consumption worldwide is an increase in demand for animal feed. As feed provision is the single largest cost incurred by beef farmers, cattle with improved feed efficiency are central to profitable, sustainable and efficient beef production. A major constraint to genetic progress in feed efficiency is the difficulty and enormous expense of measuring it directly. Therefore, robust cost-effective molecular-based biomarkers for feed efficiency are necessary. This multidisciplinary thesis aimed to: (i) establish and physiologically characterise two populations of cattle, genetically and phenotypically divergent for feed efficiency as measured by residual feed intake (RFI); (ii) examine the premise that efficiency of energy transduction in cattle is a function of mitochondrial a...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83761
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An immortalized genetic mapping population for perennial ryegrass: a resource for phenotyping and complex trait mapping
(2018)
Velmurugan, Janaki; Milbourne, Dan; Connolly, Vincent; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.; Anhalt, ...
An immortalized genetic mapping population for perennial ryegrass: a resource for phenotyping and complex trait mapping
(2018)
Velmurugan, Janaki; Milbourne, Dan; Connolly, Vincent; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.; Anhalt, Ulrike C. M.; Lynch, M. B.; Barth, Susanne
Abstract:
To address the lack of a truly portable, universal reference mapping population for perennial ryegrass, we have been developing a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population of perennial ryegrass derived via single seed descent from a well-characterized F2 mapping population based on genetically distinct inbred parents in which the natural self-incompatibility (SI) system of perennial ryegrass has been overcome. We examined whether it is possible to create a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) based genetic linkage map in a small population of the F6 generation of this population. We used 41 F6 genotypes for GBS with PstI/MspI-based libraries. We successfully developed a genetic linkage map comprising 6074 SNP markers, placing a further 22080 presence and absence variation (PAV) markers on the map. We examined the resulting genetic map for general and RIL specific features. Overall segregation distortion levels were similar to those experienced in the F2 generation, but segregation ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6840
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An investigation of the prebiotic potential and gut health benefits of Irish seaweeds
(2017)
Collins, Kenneth G.
An investigation of the prebiotic potential and gut health benefits of Irish seaweeds
(2017)
Collins, Kenneth G.
Abstract:
Seaweeds are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Compounds from seaweeds have exhibited a wide range of therapeutic activities and seaweeds have now been proposed as a new source of prebiotics. Firstly, the bifidogenic potential of 15 Irish seaweeds was assessed using in vitro anaerobic fermentations. This investigation suggests that different Bifidobacterium species can utilise seaweed carbohydrates as their sole carbon source for growth, with the greatest bifidogenic activity exhibited by Fucus serratus. Following this, the prebiotic potential of F. serratus was investigated using a faecal fermentation approach. An extract was prepared using a hot-acid extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, size-exclusion dialysis and a simulated gastric digestion. While not all the expected prebiotic markers were met, an increase in the production of SCFA, especially propionate, is a positive outcome for promoting overall gut health and in combating obesity th...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6557
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Antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona
Antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiota
(2014)
Fouhy, Fiona
Abstract:
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat to our ability to treat infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, as well as the potential for such populations to act as a reservoir for resistance genes, is imperative. This thesis set out to investigate the gut microbiota of antibiotic treated infants compared to untreated controls using high-throughput DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the significant effects of antibiotic treatment, resulting in increased proportions of Proteobacteria and decreased proportions of Bifidobacterium. The species diversity of bifidobacteria was also reduced. This thesis also highlights the ability of the human gut microbiota to act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir. Using metagenomic DNA extracted from faecal samples from adult males, PCR was employed to demonstrate the prevalence and diversity of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the adult gut microbiota and highlighted the merits...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3440
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Application of genomic tools for Irish pasture improvement
(2018)
AROJJU, SAI KRISHNA
Application of genomic tools for Irish pasture improvement
(2018)
AROJJU, SAI KRISHNA
Abstract:
The conventional way to improve populations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), the most important forage grass in Ireland, is through recurrent selection. However, despite breeding for nearly a century, the rate of genetic improvement in perennial ryegrass is still in its infancy compared to cereals. This thesis investigates the use of molecular markers and genomic information to accelerate genetic gains for key traits in the forage species perennial ryegrass. Genomic prediction is one approach that shows promise to accelerate the rate of genetic gain in forage breeding. In genomic prediction all markers are simultaneously used to estimate allelic effects without significant testing. Genomic prediction was evaluated in this thesis in two scenarios, (i) for traits evaluated on diploid perennial ryegrass spaced plants, and (ii) traits evaluated using progeny based phenotyping in tetraploid perennial ryegrass. Genomic predictive ability for crown rust resistance (Puccinia corona...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82734
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Application of ultrasound technology for functional meat products
(2017)
Ojha, K. Shikha
Application of ultrasound technology for functional meat products
(2017)
Ojha, K. Shikha
Abstract:
With increasing consumer awareness of health and nutrition, the meat processing industry is eager to engage in a search for innovative ways of processing and developing novel meat products with potential health benefits. Novel processing technologies including ultrasound (US) technology can offer several benefits for versatile applications in food processing. In relation to meat processing, US technology has previously been investigated for many potential applications including accelerated brining, tenderisation, rapid cooking, faster thawing and decontamination of muscle-based food products. This thesis assesses the feasibility of employing US technology to assist in the development of functional meat products. To achieve this objective, a series of five studies were carried out. The first study investigated the efficacy of high intensity US on the fermentation profile of Lactobacillus sakei (a starter culture used for meat fermentation) in a meat model system. This study observed ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5768
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Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriët; Kilca...
Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriët; Kilcawley, Kieran N.; Cryan, John F.; Giblin, Linda
Abstract:
Diacetyl is a volatile flavour compound that has a characteristic buttery aroma and is widely used in the flavour industry. The aroma of a food plays an important role in food palatability and thus intake. This study investigates the effect of diacetyl on the satiety hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), using the enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1. Diacetyl decreased proglucagon mRNA and total GLP-1 from glucose stimulated STC-1 cells. This dampening effect on GLP-1 appears to be mediated by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, increasing synthesis of the G protein coupled receptor, GPR120, and its recruitment to the cell surface. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels, K+ATP channels and the α-gustducin taste pathway do not appear to be involved. These findings demonstrate that components contributing to food palatability suppress GLP-1. This ability of diacetyl to reduce satiety signals may contribute to overconsumption of some palatable foods.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3969
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Assessment of different novel approaches to accelerate cheese ripening for a range of applications
(2014)
Yarlagadda, Anil Babu
Assessment of different novel approaches to accelerate cheese ripening for a range of applications
(2014)
Yarlagadda, Anil Babu
Abstract:
The aims of this thesis were to investigate the potential of different methods to accelerate Cheddar cheese ripening, individually and in combination. The following approaches to accelerate Cheddar cheese ripening were evaluated; (a) addition of lactic acid bacteria adjuncts attenuated by microfluidization selected on their enzymatic and metabolic potential, (b) addition of entrapped lactococcal cell free extracts in yeast attenuated by microfluidization (c) inclusion of spray dried enzymemodified cheese to the Cheddar making process (d) use of elevated ripening temperatures and (e) combinations of the above approaches. Initially several strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened for key intracellular enzymes and metabolic activities pre- and post-attenuation in broth, and subsequently in a sodium caseinate model system for their ability to generate volatiles associated with cheese flavour. Based on these results, strains with the greatest potential were attenuated by microfluidi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4437
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Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models
(2016)
Phelan, John P.; Reen, F. Jerry; Dunphy, Niall; O'Connor, Rosemary; O'Gara, F...
Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models
(2016)
Phelan, John P.; Reen, F. Jerry; Dunphy, Niall; O'Connor, Rosemary; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The role of the microbiome has become synonymous with human health and disease. Bile acids, as essential components of the microbiome, have gained sustained credibility as potential modulators of cancer progression in several disease models. At physiological concentrations, bile acids appear to influence cancer phenotypes, although conflicting data surrounds their precise physiological mechanism of action. Previously, we demonstrated bile acids destabilised the HIF-1α subunit of the Hypoxic-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor. HIF-1 overexpression is an early biomarker of tumour metastasis and is associated with tumour resistance to conventional therapies, and poor prognosis in a range of different cancers. METHODS: Here we investigated the effects of bile acids on the cancer growth and migratory potential of cell lines where HIF-1α is known to be active under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α status was investigated in A-549 lung, DU-145 prostate and MCF-7 breast c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3190
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Bile signalling promotes chronic respiratory infections and antibiotic tolerance
(2016)
Reen, F. Jerry; Flynn, Stephanie; Woods, David F.; Dunphy, Niall; Ní Chróinín, Muireann...
Bile signalling promotes chronic respiratory infections and antibiotic tolerance
(2016)
Reen, F. Jerry; Flynn, Stephanie; Woods, David F.; Dunphy, Niall; Ní Chróinín, Muireann; Mullane, David; Stick, Stephen; Adams, Claire; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
Despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy, many respiratory pathogens persist in the lung, underpinning the chronic inflammation and eventual lung decline that are characteristic of respiratory disease. Recently, bile acid aspiration has emerged as a major comorbidity associated with a range of lung diseases, shaping the lung microbiome and promoting colonisation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. In order to uncover the molecular mechanism through which bile modulates the respiratory microbiome, a combination of global transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of the P. aeruginosa response to bile was undertaken. Bile responsive pathways responsible for virulence, adaptive metabolism, and redox control were identified, with macrolide and polymyxin antibiotic tolerance increased significantly in the presence of bile. Bile acids, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in particular, elicited chronic biofilm behaviour in P. aeruginosa, while induction of the pro-inflamm...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4167
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Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene encapsulated in model O/W emulsions: influence of initial droplet size and emulsifiers
(2017)
Lu, Wei; Kelly, Alan L.; Miao, Song
Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene encapsulated in model O/W emulsions: influence of initial droplet size and emulsifiers
(2017)
Lu, Wei; Kelly, Alan L.; Miao, Song
Abstract:
The effects of the initial emulsion structure (droplet size and emulsifier) on the properties of β-carotene-loaded emulsions and the bioavailability of β-carotene after passing through simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion were investigated. Exposure to GIT significantly changed the droplet size, surface charge and composition of all emulsions, and these changes were dependent on their initial droplet size and the emulsifiers used. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized emulsion showed the highest β-carotene bioaccessibility, while sodium caseinate (SCN)-stabilized emulsion showed the highest cellular uptake of β-carotene. The bioavailability of emulsion-encapsulated β-carotene based on the results of bioaccessibility and cellular uptake showed the same order with the results of cellular uptake being SCN > TW80 > WPI. An inconsistency between the results of bioaccessibility and bioavailability was observed, indicating that the cellular uptake assay is necessary for a...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5156
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Bioengineering of nisin to enhance functionality against dairy pathogens
(2014)
Healy, Brian
Bioengineering of nisin to enhance functionality against dairy pathogens
(2014)
Healy, Brian
Abstract:
The bacteriocin class of antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a viable alternative to at least partially fill the void created by the end of the golden age of antibiotic discovery. Along with this potential use in a clinical setting, bacteriocins also play an important role as bio-preservatives in the food industry. This thesis focuses on a specific bacteriocin group, the lantibiotics (Lanthionine-containing antibiotics). Their numerous methods of appliance in a food setting and how their gene-encoded nature can be modified to improve on overall bioactivity and functionality are explored here. The use of a lantibiotic (lacticin 3147) producing starter culture to control the Crohn’s disease-linked pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was assessed in a raw milk cheese. Although lacticin 3147 production did not effectively control the pathogen, the study provided an impetus to employ a variety of PCR-based mutagenesis techniques with a view to the creation of enhanced lantibiotic ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2696
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Biomethane production from grass silage: laboratory assessment to maximise yields
(2015)
Wall, David M.
Biomethane production from grass silage: laboratory assessment to maximise yields
(2015)
Wall, David M.
Abstract:
On-farm biogas production is typically associated with forage maize as the biomass source. Digesters are designed and operated with the focus of optimising the conditions for this feedstock. Thus, such systems may not be ideally suited to the digestion of grass. Ireland has ca. 3.85 million ha of grassland. Annual excess grass, surplus to livestock requirements, could potentially fuel an anaerobic digestion industry. Biomethane associated with biomass from 1.1 % of grassland in Ireland, could potentially generate over 10 % renewable energy supply in transport. This study aims to identify and optimise technologies for the production of biomethane from grass silage. Mono-digestion of grass silage and co-digestion with slurry, as would occur on Irish farms, is investigated in laboratory trials. Grass silage was shown to have 7 times greater methane potential than dairy slurry on a fresh weight basis (107 m3 t-1 v 16 m3 t-1). However, comprehensive trace element profiles indicated that ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2103
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Cervical mucus sialic acid content determines the ability of frozen-thawed ram sperm to migrate through the cervix
(2019)
Richardson, L.; Hanrahan, J.P.; Tharmalingam, T.; Carrington, S. D.; Lonergan, Patrick;...
Cervical mucus sialic acid content determines the ability of frozen-thawed ram sperm to migrate through the cervix
(2019)
Richardson, L.; Hanrahan, J.P.; Tharmalingam, T.; Carrington, S. D.; Lonergan, Patrick; Evans, A. C. O.; Fair, Seán
Abstract:
The full text of this article will not be available in ULIR until the embargo expires on the 31/01/2020
The aim of this study was to investigate the properties and to functionally characterize the cervical mucus that modulates sperm transport through the cervix by using ewe breeds with a divergent pregnancy rate (Belclare and Suffolk; high and low, respectively) following cervical insemination using frozen-thawed semen. Sperm number, as well as sialic acid and fricose content in both the channels and in the lumen of different regions of the cervix were quantified in inseminated Belclare and Suffolk ewes. Expression of glycosyltransferase and MUC genes, glycosidase activity and sialic acid speciation in follicular phase cervical tissue and mucus were assessed. More spermatozoa were found in the cervical channels in the region dosest to the cervical os in Belclare than Suffolk ewes (P< 0.05) and Suffolk ewes had a higher sialic acid content in the cervical channels than Bel...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7610
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Characterisation and application of fruit by-products as novel ingredients in gluten-free products
(2014)
O'Shea, Norah L.
Characterisation and application of fruit by-products as novel ingredients in gluten-free products
(2014)
O'Shea, Norah L.
Abstract:
The physicochemical and nutritional properties of two fruit by-products were initially studied. Apple pomace (AP) contained a high level of fibre and pectin. The isolated AP pectin had a high level of methylation which developed viscous pastes. Orange pomace also had high levels of fibre and pectin, and it was an abundant source of minerals such as potassium and magnesium. Due to the fibrous properties of orange pomace flour, proofing and water addition were studied in a bread formulation. When added at levels greater than 6%, the loaf volume decreased. An optimised formulation and proofing time was derived using the optimisation tool; these consisted of 5.5% orange pomace, 94.6% water inclusion and with 49 minutes proofing. These optimised parameters doubled the total dietary fibre content of the bread compared to the original control. Pasting results showed how orange pomace inclusions reduced the final viscosity of the batter, reducing the occurrence of starch gelatinisation. Rhe...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1675
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Characterisation of the microbiota of traditional fermented beverages and screening these and other populations for novel antimicrobial producers and gene clusters
(2013)
Marsh, Alan J.
Characterisation of the microbiota of traditional fermented beverages and screening these and other populations for novel antimicrobial producers and gene clusters
(2013)
Marsh, Alan J.
Abstract:
To screen for novel ribosomally synthesised antimicrobials, in-silico genome mining was performed on all publically available fully sequenced bacterial genomes. 49 novel type 1 lantibiotic clusters were identified from a number of species, genera and phyla not usually associated with lantibiotic production, and indicates high prevalence. A crucial step towards the commercialisation of fermented beverages is the characterisation of the microbial content. To achieve this goal, we applied next-generation sequencing techniques to analyse the bacterial and yeast populations of the organic, symbiotically-fermented beverages kefir, water kefir and kombucha. A number of minor components were revealed, many of which had not previously been associated with these beverages. The dominant microorganism in each of the water kefir grains and fermentates was Zymomonas, an ethanol-producing bacterium that had not previously been detected on such a scale. These studies represent the most accurate des...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1547
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Characterization of β-lactoglobulin fibrillar assemblies
(2011)
Oboroceanu, Daniela
Characterization of β-lactoglobulin fibrillar assemblies
(2011)
Oboroceanu, Daniela
Abstract:
The overall goal of this research was to study the mechanism of heat-induced whey proteins fibrils and to characterise their properties for possible food applications. Experimental parameters such as protein concentration, pH, ionic strength, time and temperature of heating were varied to optimize the process of fibril formation of β- lactoglobulin (β-lg). Fibrillar structures could only be formed at acidic pH; the optimal conditions were pH 2, low ionic strength and 2% (w/w) protein concentration. A two-stage mechanism of β-lg fibril formation was proposed: 1) denaturation, partial unfolding and increase in β-sheets content, with hydrolysis of monomers, followed by 2) the linear aggregation of polypeptide fragments into fibrils via noncovalent interactions, accompanied by hydrolysis and a decrease in β-sheets content and overall secondary structure. In this study, β-lg and whey protein isolate (WPI) – derived fibrils were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Their height was ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3647
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Co-operation among Irish beef farmers: current perspectives and future prospects in the context of new producer organisation (PO) legislation
(2018)
Hooks, Teresa; Macken-Walsh, Áine; McCarthy, Olive; Power, Carol; Henchion, Maeve
Co-operation among Irish beef farmers: current perspectives and future prospects in the context of new producer organisation (PO) legislation
(2018)
Hooks, Teresa; Macken-Walsh, Áine; McCarthy, Olive; Power, Carol; Henchion, Maeve
Abstract:
Irish beef farms have experienced poor viability longitudinally, with industry and policy actors citing ‘crisis’ levels in 2013. A crucial differentiator between the beef sector and the dairy sector, which has higher farm incomes, is well-developed infrastructure of farmer-owned dairy processing and marketing co-operatives. To address the lack of representative farmer organisations and power imbalances in the beef supply chain, in 2016 the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (DAFM) legislated for the establishment of beef Producer Organisations (POs), facilitating beef producers to collectively strengthen their market positioning. While PO legislation is a significant development in potentially enabling supply chain integration of farmers, how the legislation is operationalised by Irish beef industry stakeholders will ultimately shape the nature and breadth of engagement with the PO model and, consequently, the impact of the legislation. In a context where there is little ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/7069
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Co-operation among Irish beef farmers: Current perspectives and future prospects in the context of new producer organisation (PO) legislation
(2018)
Hooks, Teresa; Macken-Walsh, Áine; McCarthy, Olive; Power, Carol; Henchion, Maeve
Co-operation among Irish beef farmers: Current perspectives and future prospects in the context of new producer organisation (PO) legislation
(2018)
Hooks, Teresa; Macken-Walsh, Áine; McCarthy, Olive; Power, Carol; Henchion, Maeve
Abstract:
Irish beef farms have experienced poor viability longitudinally, with industry and policy actors citing ‘crisis’ levels in 2013. A crucial differentiator between the beef sector and the dairy sector, which has higher farm incomes, is well-developed infrastructure of farmer-owned dairy processing and marketing co-operatives. To address the lack of representative farmer organisations and power imbalances in the beef supply chain, in 2016 the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (DAFM) legislated for the establishment of beef Producer Organisations (POs), facilitating beef producers to collectively strengthen their market positioning. While PO legislation is a significant development in potentially enabling supply chain integration of farmers, how the legislation is operationalised by Irish beef industry stakeholders will ultimately shape the nature and breadth of engagement with the PO model and, consequently, the impact of the legislation. In a context where there is little ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/8266
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Comparative genomic analysis reveals a diverse repertoire of genes involved in prokaryote-eukaryote interactions within the Pseudovibrio Genus
(2016)
Romano, Stefano; Fernàndez-Guerra, Antonio; Reen, F. Jerry; Glöckner, Frank O.; Crowley...
Comparative genomic analysis reveals a diverse repertoire of genes involved in prokaryote-eukaryote interactions within the Pseudovibrio Genus
(2016)
Romano, Stefano; Fernàndez-Guerra, Antonio; Reen, F. Jerry; Glöckner, Frank O.; Crowley, Susan P.; O'Sullivan, Orla; Cotter, Paul D.; Adams, Claire; Dobson, Alan D. W.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
Strains of the Pseudovibrio genus have been detected worldwide, mainly as part of bacterial communities associated with marine invertebrates, particularly sponges. This recurrent association has been considered as an indication of a symbiotic relationship between these microbes and their host. Until recently, the availability of only two genomes, belonging to closely related strains, has limited the knowledge on the genomic and physiological features of the genus to a single phylogenetic lineage. Here we present 10 newly sequenced genomes of Pseudovibrio strains isolated from marine sponges from the west coast of Ireland, and including the other two publicly available genomes we performed an extensive comparative genomic analysis. Homogeneity was apparent in terms of both the orthologous genes and the metabolic features shared amongst the 12 strains. At the genomic level, a key physiological difference observed amongst the isolates was the presence only in strain P. axinellae AD2 of...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4114
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