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Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 2239 on page 10 of 90
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Application of Dexter’s soil physical quality index: an Irish case study
(2018)
Fenton, Owen; Vero, Sara E.; Schulte, Rogier P.; O'Sullivan, Lilian; Bondi, G.; Cr...
Application of Dexter’s soil physical quality index: an Irish case study
(2018)
Fenton, Owen; Vero, Sara E.; Schulte, Rogier P.; O'Sullivan, Lilian; Bondi, G.; Creamer, Rachel E.
Abstract:
Historically, due to a lack of measured soil physical data, the quality of Irish soils was relatively unknown. Herein, we investigate the physical quality of the national representative profiles of Co. Waterford. To do this, the soil physical quality (SPQ) S-Index, as described by Dexter (2004a,b,c) using the S-theory (which seeks the inflection point of a soil water retention curve [SWRC]), is used. This can be determined using simple (S-Indirect) or complex (S-Direct) soil physical data streams. Both are achievable using existing data for the County Waterford profiles, but until now, the suitability of this S-Index for Irish soils has never been tested. Indirect-S provides a generic characterisation of SPQ for a particular soil horizon, using simplified and modelled information (e.g. texture and SWRC derived from pedo-transfer functions), whereas Direct-S provides more complex site-specific information (e.g. texture and SWRC measured in the laboratory), which relates to properties...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1568
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Application of Meta-Analysis and Machine Learning Methods to the Prediction of Methane Production from In Vitro Mixed Ruminal Micro-Organism Fermentation
(2020)
Ellis, Jennifer L.; Alaiz-Moretón, Héctor; Navarro-Villa, Alberto; McGeough, Emma J.; P...
Application of Meta-Analysis and Machine Learning Methods to the Prediction of Methane Production from In Vitro Mixed Ruminal Micro-Organism Fermentation
(2020)
Ellis, Jennifer L.; Alaiz-Moretón, Héctor; Navarro-Villa, Alberto; McGeough, Emma J.; Purcell, Peter; Powell, Christopher D.; O’Kiely, Padraig; France, James; López, Secundino
Abstract:
In vitro gas production systems are utilized to screen feed ingredients for inclusion in ruminant diets. However, not all in vitro systems are set up to measure methane (CH4) production, nor do all publications report in vitro CH4. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop models to predict in vitro CH4 production from total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production data and to identify the major drivers of CH4 production in these systems. Meta-analysis and machine learning (ML) methodologies were applied to a database of 354 data points from 11 studies to predict CH4 production from total gas production, apparent DM digestibility (DMD), final pH, feed type (forage or concentrate), and acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate production. Model evaluation was performed on an internal dataset of 107 data points. Meta-analysis results indicate that equations containing DMD, total VFA production, propionate, feed type and valerate resulted in best predictability of CH4 ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2190
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Application of Probiotic Bacteria to Functional Foods
(2017)
STANTON, CATHERINE; Ross, R Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F; Collins, K.; McBrearty, S.; Gar...
Application of Probiotic Bacteria to Functional Foods
(2017)
STANTON, CATHERINE; Ross, R Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F; Collins, K.; McBrearty, S.; Gardiner, Gillian E.; Desmond, C.; Kelly, J.; Bouchier, Paul J.; Lawless, Fergal; Auty, Mark; Corcoran, M.O.; Mullins, C.; Mullholand, E.; Eason, D.
Abstract:
End of Project Report
Probiotic cultures are described as live microbial feed supplements that improve intestinal microbial balance and are intended for maintenance of health or prevention, rather than the curing of disease. The demand for probiotic foods is increasing in Europe, Japan and the U.S. reflecting the heightened awareness among the public of the relationship between diet and health. Traditionally, the most popular food delivery systems for these cultures have been freshly fermented dairy foods, such as yogurts and fermented milks, as well as unfermented milks with cultures added. However, in the development of functional foods, the technological suitability of probiotic strains poses a serious challenge since their survival and viability may be adversely affected by processing conditions as well as by the product environment and storage conditions. This is a particular concern, given that high levels (at least 107 per gram or ml) of live micro-organisms are recommend...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1280
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Are some teat disinfectant formulations more effective against specific bacteria isolated on teat skin than others?
(2020)
Fitzpatrick, Sarah R; Garvey, Mary; Flynn, Jim; Jordan, Kieran; Gleeson, David E
Are some teat disinfectant formulations more effective against specific bacteria isolated on teat skin than others?
(2020)
Fitzpatrick, Sarah R; Garvey, Mary; Flynn, Jim; Jordan, Kieran; Gleeson, David E
Abstract:
The use of pre- and post-milking teat disinfectants can reduce teat bacterial load and aid in the collection of high-quality milk. The objective of this study was to compare the reduction in bacteria populations on teat skin after the application of different commercial teat disinfectant products. Ten teat disinfectant products were applied to the teats of 10 Holstein–Friesian cows. One cow received one teat disinfectant product at each sampling point before cluster application for milking. A composite swab sample was taken of the 4 teats of each cow before and after teat disinfectant application. Swab samples were placed on three different selective agars to enumerate bacterial counts of staphylococcal, streptococcal and coliforms isolates on teat skin. Staphylococcal isolates were the most prominent bacterial group recovered on teat swabs (49%), followed by streptococcal (36%) and coliform (15%) isolates before the application of disinfectant. The average bacterial reductions on t...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2160
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Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriet; Kilca...
Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells
(2017)
McCarthy, Triona; Bruen, Christine; O'Halloran, Fiona; Schellekens, Harriet; Kilcawley, Kieran; Cryan, John F.; Giblin, Linda
Abstract:
Diacetyl is a volatile flavour compound that has a characteristic buttery aroma and is widely used in the flavour industry. The aroma of a food plays an important role in food palatability and thus intake. This study investigates the effect of diacetyl on the satiety hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), using the enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1. Diacetyl decreased proglucagon mRNA and total GLP-1 from glucose stimulated STC-1 cells. This dampening effect on GLP-1 appears to be mediated by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, increasing synthesis of the G protein coupled receptor, GPR120, and its recruitment to the cell surface. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels, K+ATP channels and the α-gustducin taste pathway do not appear to be involved. These findings demonstrate that components contributing to food palatability suppress GLP-1. This ability of diacetyl to reduce satiety signals may contribute to overconsumption of some palatable foods.
T. McCarthy was in receipt of a Teagasc W...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1214
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Artificial rearing affects piglets pre-weaning behaviour, welfare and growth performance
(2019)
Schmitt, Océane; O'Driscoll, Keelin; Boyle, Laura; Baxter, Emma M.
Artificial rearing affects piglets pre-weaning behaviour, welfare and growth performance
(2019)
Schmitt, Océane; O'Driscoll, Keelin; Boyle, Laura; Baxter, Emma M.
Abstract:
One strategy adopted on farms to deal with managing large litters involves removing piglets from their mothers at seven days old to be reared in specialised accommodation with milk replacer. Effects on piglet behaviour, growth and some aspects of welfare were evaluated in this study by comparing 10 pairs of two litters (one sow-reared: SR, one artificially-reared: AR) selected at seven days-old at a similar weight. Piglet behaviour was recorded for 20 min following transfer of AR piglets to the artificial-rearing enclosure (D0) and for 20 min hourly between 09:00 h and 17:00 h (8 h) on D5 and D12. Hourly 5 min live observations were also undertaken. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) was conducted on D14 to evaluate piglets’ emotional state. Survival and illness events were recorded until weaning. On D0, D1, D8 and D15 piglets were weighed and scored for tear staining, dirtiness of the face and severity of lesions on the snout, limbs, ear and tail. Survival and illness rates, ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1764
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Ash dieback in Ireland – A review of European management options and case studies in remedial silviculture
(2019)
Short, Ian; Hawe, Jerry
Ash dieback in Ireland – A review of European management options and case studies in remedial silviculture
(2019)
Short, Ian; Hawe, Jerry
Abstract:
Ash dieback, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, is developing rapidly across the island of Ireland. Ireland’s ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) woodlands, particularly first rotation plantations, are quite unique and are at particular risk of very rapid decline. Urgent action is required in order to minimise the economic, ecological and social impact of the disease. However, for this to happen forest owners require guidance regarding potential positive management interventions. This article outlines the wider, mainly European, experience of remedial silviculture. It presents three case studies on existing remedial silviculture trials in Ireland. In the absence of silvicultural research data specific to the evolving situation with ash dieback, this article explores the potential benefits of positive practical actions which may minimise the impact of the disease. Despite the seriousness of the situation, such silvicultural activity may even result in a positive economic outcome. It is hoped...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1654
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Ash dieback on the island of Ireland
(2017)
McCracken, A.R.; Douglas, Gerry C.; Ryan, C.; Destefanis, M.; Cooke, L.R.
Ash dieback on the island of Ireland
(2017)
McCracken, A.R.; Douglas, Gerry C.; Ryan, C.; Destefanis, M.; Cooke, L.R.
Abstract:
Book section
This publication is based on the work of Action FP1103 FRAXBACK, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
On the island of Ireland it is estimated that there are over half a million kilometres of hedgerows (400,000+ km in the Republic of Ireland (Rep. Ireland) and 113,000+ in Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland). Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is the second most important component, after hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), in large proportions of this hedgerow network. In the Rep. Ireland over 20,000 ha of ash have been planted since 1990, primarily for sawlogs and to provide material for the manufacture of hurleys, which are used in an important national sport called hurling, and for camogie sticks used to play camogie. Ash dieback, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, was first identified on the island in October 2012 and since then has been detected at 306 sites (195 in Rep. Ireland and 111 in Northern Ireland). In the vast majority of cases the ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1224
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Aspects of management options for pasture-based dairy production stocked at two cows per hectare
(2015)
Humphreys, James; Lawless, Aidan; Healy, M.; Boland, A.; McNamara, K.
Aspects of management options for pasture-based dairy production stocked at two cows per hectare
(2015)
Humphreys, James; Lawless, Aidan; Healy, M.; Boland, A.; McNamara, K.
Abstract:
End of project report
White clover in association with Rhizobium bacteria have the capacity to fix or convent atmospheric N into plant available N. This can make a considerable contribution to sward productivity. One of the objectives of this experiment was to determine the upper carrying capacity of grass-white clover swards receiving 90 kg fertilizer N/ha. A second objective was to examine the impact of grass-clover swards on mineral-N in the soil and losses of nitrate-N from soil to drainage water during the winter. This experiment was conducted at Solohead Research Farm. There were three treatments: (i) A grass-only treatment (FN) stocked at 2.0 cows per ha in 2003 and 2.2 cows per ha during 2004, 2005 and 2006. This treatment received an average of 226 kg per ha of fertilizer N per year during these years. (ii) A grass-clover treatment (WC) stocked at the same rates as FN and received an average of 90 kg per ha of fertilizer N per year during the experiment. (iii) A grass-o...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/936
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Aspects of slurry management on pig farms.
(2017)
O'Connell-Motherway, S.; Lynch, P Brendan; Carton, Owen T.; O'Toole, Paul W.
Aspects of slurry management on pig farms.
(2017)
O'Connell-Motherway, S.; Lynch, P Brendan; Carton, Owen T.; O'Toole, Paul W.
Abstract:
End of Project Report
The objectives of manure or slurry management on intensive pig farms are the provision of adequate slurry storage capacity and the efficient recycling of the slurry nutrients for crop production. However, recent surveys of pig slurry dry matter suggest there is excessive dilution of raw pig slurry with water. This has two important implications for management. The first is greater storage capacity will be required due to the increased volume of slurry generated. Slurry storage is expensive. For example, a 350 sow unit adding 10 weeks storage needs to invest £50,000. Secondly, evidence from the literature indicates an improved slurry nitrogen efficiency with the more dilute manure. The results of field trials showed that higher dry matter pig slurries reduced the relative efficiency of pig slurry nitrogen for second cut silage production. This is probably linked to reduced ammonia volatilisation losses, consequent to the less viscous nature of dilute slurry ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1205
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Assessing populations of the major cereal pathogens for reduced sensitivity to MBC, DMI and Strobilurin fungicides
(2015)
O'Sullivan, Eugene
Assessing populations of the major cereal pathogens for reduced sensitivity to MBC, DMI and Strobilurin fungicides
(2015)
O'Sullivan, Eugene
Abstract:
End of project report
Studies of eyespot populations in winter wheat crops in the period 2001 to 2003 showed that the R type (Tapesia acuformis) is the dominant strain comprising 77% of isolates. Over 90% of isolates were resistant to MBC fungicides, 53% showed reduced sensitivity to prochloraz and 22% reduced sensitivity to cyprodinil. A study of winter wheat crops in February and March 2003 showed that resistance to strobilurin fungicides was widespread in Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) populations. Resistance was found in all but one of 21 crops sampled, at levels ranging from 9% to 84% with an average of 48%. Subsequent studies of 27 crops over the summer of 2003 showed that strobilunin resistance increased from an average of 31% before the application of the second (T2) spray to an average of 73%, three to four weeks after the application of the final (T3) spray. Strobilurin resistance in M. graminicola remained high in 2004, ranging from 50% to 100% with an ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/843
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Assessing the ability of Nisin A and derivatives thereof to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Thermus
(2020)
Jonnala, Bhagya R. Yeluri; Feehily, Conor; O'Connor, Paula M.; Field, Des; Hill, C...
Assessing the ability of Nisin A and derivatives thereof to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Thermus
(2020)
Jonnala, Bhagya R. Yeluri; Feehily, Conor; O'Connor, Paula M.; Field, Des; Hill, Colin; Ross, R. Paul; McSweeney, P. L. H.; Sheehan, Diarmuid (JJ); Cotter, Paul D.
Abstract:
supplementary data
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2356
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Assessing the Economical and Environmental Impact of Cultivating Genetically Modified (GM) crops in Ireland
(2017)
Mullins, Ewen; Flannery, M.L.; Meade, Connor; Thorne, Fiona
Assessing the Economical and Environmental Impact of Cultivating Genetically Modified (GM) crops in Ireland
(2017)
Mullins, Ewen; Flannery, M.L.; Meade, Connor; Thorne, Fiona
Abstract:
End of Project Report
At present, there is no GM crop cultivation in Ireland. This could change in the near future however, following the inclusion of several GM maize varieties on the EU Common Seed Catalogue in 2004. Before an Irish GM tillage sector develops, information must be provided to farmers/regulators in regard to the potential economic impact of the technology and the environmental issues associated with GM crops. This project (RMIS 5211) has examined: 1. The economic cost-benefit of cultivating several GM crops (Phytophthora resistant potato, Septoria resistant wheat, Rhynchosporium resistant barley, Fusarium resistant wheat and herbicide tolerant sugar beet) 2. The environmental issue of gene flow by modelling the propensity of seven crop species (wheat, barley, sugar beet, oilseed rape, maize, potato and ryegrass) to spread their genetic material (be it GM/non-GM) through pollen/seed-mediated gene flow. The cost-benefit analysis specifically examined the impact of...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1227
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Assessing the effect of Maillard reaction with dextran on the techno-functional properties of collagen-based peptides obtained from bovine hides
(2020)
Anzani, Cecilia; Álvarez, Carlos; Mullen, Anne Maria
Assessing the effect of Maillard reaction with dextran on the techno-functional properties of collagen-based peptides obtained from bovine hides
(2020)
Anzani, Cecilia; Álvarez, Carlos; Mullen, Anne Maria
Abstract:
The recovery of food processing co-products, in the meat sector, has become a hot topic. Based on previous studies, the enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine hides was proposed as a suitable and efficient recovery methodology to produce protein hydrolysates to be used in the food industry. It was found, however, that maximizing recovery yield lead to hydrolysates presenting very poor functional properties. Maillard reaction has been shown to modify the techno-functional properties of proteins without adding chemical agents. The glycation reaction occurred successfully as proved from the analysis of the free amino groups and the size exclusion chromatography (SEC). However, the glycated hydrolysates did not show an improvement in any of the techno-functional properties here assayed: foaming, gelling and emulsifying capacity. This lack of improvement was attributed to the low molecular weight of the peptides (less than 6.5 kDa in average, being the 60% of them lower than 3 kDa) required for ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2262
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Assessing the Geographic Representativity of Farm Accountancy Data
(2013)
green, stuart; O'Donoghue, Cathal
Assessing the Geographic Representativity of Farm Accountancy Data
(2013)
green, stuart; O'Donoghue, Cathal
Abstract:
The environment affects agriculture, via soils, weather, etc. and agriculture affects the environment locally at farm level and via its impact on climate change. Locating agriculture within its spatial environment is thus important for farmers and policy makers. Within the EU countries collect detailed farm data to understand the technical and financial performance of farms; the Farm Accountancy Data Network. However, knowledge of the spatial-environmental context of these farms is reported at gross scale. In this paper, Irish farm accounting data is geo-referenced using address matching to a national address database. An analysis of the geographic distribution of the survey farms, illustrated through a novel 2D ranked pair plot of the coordinates, compared to the national distribution of farms shows a trend in the location of survey farms that leads to a statistical difference in the climatic variables associated with the farm. The farms in the survey have significantly higher accu...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/334
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Assessing the Impact of Pollen-mediated Gene Flow from GM Herbicide Tolerant Brassica Napus into Common Wild Relatives in Ireland
(2014)
Collier, Marcus J.; Mullins, Ewen
Assessing the Impact of Pollen-mediated Gene Flow from GM Herbicide Tolerant Brassica Napus into Common Wild Relatives in Ireland
(2014)
Collier, Marcus J.; Mullins, Ewen
Abstract:
Although now we have had many years of research completed on assessing the potential environmental impact of GM crops, concern remains over their potential impact on biodiversity in the rural landscape. In particular, issues have arisen in regards to the modification of crops with traits that could introgress into sexually compatible wild relatives. In contrast to wheat, barley, potato and maize, Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is the only commercial crop grown in Ireland at present with the potential to successfully transfer its DNA, via pollen-mediated gene flow, into inter-related weed species. This review details the species in question and by examining the relevant literature that relates to Irish agronomic conditions, demonstrates that gene flow is likely to occur, especially to an earlier used cultivar, Brassica rapa. However, the critical factor remains not that GM traits will flow from the commercial source but what might the consequences of said gene flow events be. This rev...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/566
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Assessing the role of artificially drained agricultural land for climate change mitigation in Ireland
(2019)
Paul, Carsten; Fealy, Reamonn; Fenton, Owen; Lanigan, Gary; O’Sullivan, Lilian; Schulte...
Assessing the role of artificially drained agricultural land for climate change mitigation in Ireland
(2019)
Paul, Carsten; Fealy, Reamonn; Fenton, Owen; Lanigan, Gary; O’Sullivan, Lilian; Schulte, Rogier P.
Abstract:
In 2014 temperate zone emission factor revisions were published in the IPCC Wetlands Supplement. Default values for direct CO2 emissions of artificially drained organic soils were increased by a factor of 1.6 for cropland sites and by factors ranging from 14 to 24 for grassland sites. This highlights the role of drained organic soils as emission hotspots and makes their rewetting more attractive as climate change mitigation measures. Drainage emissions of humic soils are lower on a per hectare basis and not covered by IPCC default values. However, drainage of great areas can turn them into nationally relevant emission sources. National policy making that recognizes the importance of preserving organic and humic soils’ carbon stock requires data that is not readily available. Taking Ireland as a case study, this article demonstrates how a dataset of policy relevant information can be generated. Total area of histic and humic soils drained for agriculture, resulting greenhouse gas emi...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1817
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Assessing the role of artificially drained agricultural land for climate change mitigation in Ireland
(2020)
Paul, Carsten; Fealy, Reamonn; Fenton, Owen; Lanigan, Gary; O'Sullivan, Lilian; Sc...
Assessing the role of artificially drained agricultural land for climate change mitigation in Ireland
(2020)
Paul, Carsten; Fealy, Reamonn; Fenton, Owen; Lanigan, Gary; O'Sullivan, Lilian; Schulte, Rogier P.
Abstract:
In 2014 temperate zone emission factor revisions were published in the IPCC Wetlands Supplement. Default values for direct CO2 emissions of artificially drained organic soils were increased by a factor of 1.6 for cropland sites and by factors ranging from 14 to 24 for grassland sites. This highlights the role of drained organic soils as emission hotspots and makes their rewetting more attractive as climate change mitigation measures. Drainage emissions of humic soils are lower on a per hectare basis and not covered by IPCC default values. However, drainage of great areas can turn them into nationally relevant emission sources. National policy making that recognizes the importance of preserving organic and humic soils’ carbon stock requires data that is not readily available. Taking Ireland as a case study, this article demonstrates how a dataset of policy relevant information can be generated. Total area of histic and humic soils drained for agriculture, resulting greenhouse gas emi...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2136
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Assessment and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Ireland
(2017)
Ross, R Paul; Hill, Colin; Murphy, P.; Jordan, Kieran; Arendt, Elke; van Sinderen, Douw...
Assessment and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Ireland
(2017)
Ross, R Paul; Hill, Colin; Murphy, P.; Jordan, Kieran; Arendt, Elke; van Sinderen, Douwe; Morgan, S.M.; Hickey, Rita M.; Maher, M.J.; Kelly, J.; Galvin, M.; Scannell, A.
Abstract:
End of Project Report
Consumers are increasingly demanding food that is free from pathogens, but with less preservatives and additives. As a response to these conflicting demands, current trends in the food industry include minimal processing, and the investigation of alternative inhibitors for use in foods. Additionally, the manufacture of an increasing range of novel foods, and the inclusion of non-dairy ingredients into dairy products, and vice versa, poses additional dangers with respect to safety. Furthermore, the dramatic increase in incidence of food-borne illness internationally, as a result of contamination with food-borne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, is a cause of considerable consumer concern. Bacteriocins are inhibitory peptides produced by a number of Lactic Acid Bacteria which are capable of killing other bacteria. These natural inhibitors have widespread applications in the preservation of foods, since they can kill a number of pathogenic and spoilage...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1282
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Assessment of factors affecting flood forecasting accuracy and reliability. Carpe Diem Centre for Water Resources Research : Deliverable 10.3
(2004)
Bruen, Michael; Nasr, Ahmed Elssidig; Yang, Jianqing; Parmentier, Benoit
Assessment of factors affecting flood forecasting accuracy and reliability. Carpe Diem Centre for Water Resources Research : Deliverable 10.3
(2004)
Bruen, Michael; Nasr, Ahmed Elssidig; Yang, Jianqing; Parmentier, Benoit
Abstract:
In Deliverable 10.1, a optimal methodology for combining precipitation information from raingauges, radar and NWP models (in this case HIRLAM) was described. It was based on an artificial neural network combination model, fitted to historic data, and operating on one-dimensional time-series of discharges. In this report, this new methodology is tested by applying it to (i) a rural catchment (Dargle)and (ii) a small urban catchment (CityWest). The results are compared with measured discharge series in both cases. Various measures of performance, applied to both the entire discharge series and also to the peaks-only are reported for various combinations of lead-time, spatial resolution and numbers of neurons in the hidden layer of the ANN model.
Environmental Protection Agency
Teagasc
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2304
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Assessment of field sattelite-based positioning systems for reduced, more precise use of crop inputs.
(2017)
Rice, B.; Colfer, S.
Assessment of field sattelite-based positioning systems for reduced, more precise use of crop inputs.
(2017)
Rice, B.; Colfer, S.
Abstract:
End of Project Report
The mapping of within-field crop yield variations offers a basis for the adjustment of input application rates to match yield potential. The aim of this project was to examine available yield mapping components and systems, and to assess the benefits that could accrue from yield mapping. The work also included site investigations of possible causes of yield reduction, and an evaluation of the potential increase in profitability from variable-rate N application. Yield mapping requires the continuous measurement of harvester position and grain yield. Accurate positioning was achieved with systems which received a remote correction signal via communications satellite. A grain flow meter in the clean grain elevator gave low errors in conditions where the deflector plate could be kept clean. The production of useful yield maps was sometimes limited by rainy weather leading to wet crops, lodging, and big variations in harvest conditions within the field. Difficul...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1413
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Assessment of Food Ingredient Functionality using Laser Microscopy
(2017)
Keogh, M.K.; Auty, Mark
Assessment of Food Ingredient Functionality using Laser Microscopy
(2017)
Keogh, M.K.; Auty, Mark
Abstract:
End of Project Report
The objectives of this project were, to establish a confocal microscopy facility at Moorepark, to develop suitable methodology for the examination of food products and ingredients, to apply confocal microscopy techniques to food research projects and to use the above technological expertise for commercial applications in the Irish Food Industry. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) facility is now established and is fully integrated into the Teagasc research program at Moorepark. The new Confocal Microscopy Service has attracted significant commercial interest and client work is expanding. Results show that confocal laser scanning microscopy is a valuable technique for assessing the functionality of food ingredients in a wide range of food products, as well as being a powerful problem-solving tool. Work is ongoing to develop further specific ingredient localisation techniques, and to promote commercial awareness of the service. Confocal laser scann...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1307
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Assessment of physico-chemical traits related to eating quality of young dairy bull beef at different ageing times using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
(2020)
Nian, Yingqun; Zhao, Ming; O'Donnell, Colm P.; Downey, Gerard; Kerry, Joseph P.; A...
Assessment of physico-chemical traits related to eating quality of young dairy bull beef at different ageing times using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
(2020)
Nian, Yingqun; Zhao, Ming; O'Donnell, Colm P.; Downey, Gerard; Kerry, Joseph P.; Allen, Paul
Abstract:
Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics were investigated for the prediction of eating quality related physico-chemical traits of Holstein-Friesian bull beef. Raman spectra were collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days post-mortem. A frequency range of 1300–2800 cm− 1 was used for partial least squares (PLS) modelling. PLS regression (PLSR) models for the prediction of WBSF and cook loss achieved an R2CV of 0.75 with RMSECV of 6.82 N and an R2CV of 0.77 with RMSECV of 0.97%w/w respectively. For the prediction of intramuscular fat, moisture and crude protein content, R2CV values were 0.85, 0.91 and 0.70 with RMSECV of 0.52%w/w, 0.39%w/w and 0.38%w/w respectively. An R2CV of 0.79 was achieved for the prediction of both total collagen and hydroxyproline content, while for collagen solubility the R2CV was 0.88. All samples (100%) from 15- and 19-month old bulls were correctly classified using PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), while 86.7% of samples from different muscles (longissimus thora...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2081
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Assessment of RNAlater® as a Potential Method to Preserve Bovine Muscle Proteins Compared with Dry Ice in a Proteomic Study
(2020)
Zhu, Yao; Mullen, Anne Maria; Rai, Dilip K.; Kelly, Alan L.; Sheehan, David; Cafferky, ...
Assessment of RNAlater® as a Potential Method to Preserve Bovine Muscle Proteins Compared with Dry Ice in a Proteomic Study
(2020)
Zhu, Yao; Mullen, Anne Maria; Rai, Dilip K.; Kelly, Alan L.; Sheehan, David; Cafferky, Jamie; Hamill, Ruth
Abstract:
RNAlater® is regarded as a potential preservation method for proteins, while its effect on bovine muscle proteins has rarely been evaluated. Bovine muscle protein samples (n = 12) collected from three tender (Warner–Bratzler shear force: 30.02–31.74 N) and three tough (Warner–Bratzler shear force: 54.12–66.25 N) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples, preserved using two different sampling preservation methods (RNAlater® and dry ice), at two post mortem time points (day 0 and day 14), were characterized using one-dimensional electrophoresis. Fourteen bands with molecular weights ranging from 15 to 250 kDa were verified, both in the dry ice and RNAlater® storage groups, at each time point, using image analysis. A shift from high to low molecular weight fragments, between day 0 and day 14, indicated proteolysis of the muscle proteins during post mortem storage. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses and database searching resulted in the identificat...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2122
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Assessment of water-limited winter wheat yield potential at spatially contrasting sites in Ireland using a simple growth and development model
(2018)
Lynch, J.P.; Fealy, Reamonn; Doyle, D.; Black, L.; Spink, John
Assessment of water-limited winter wheat yield potential at spatially contrasting sites in Ireland using a simple growth and development model
(2018)
Lynch, J.P.; Fealy, Reamonn; Doyle, D.; Black, L.; Spink, John
Abstract:
Although Irish winter wheat yields are among the highest globally, increases in the profitability of this crop are required to maintain its economic viability. However, in order to determine if efforts to further increase Irish wheat yields are likely to be successful, an accurate estimation of the yield potential is required for different regions within Ireland. A winter wheat yield potential model (WWYPM) was developed, which estimates the maximum water-limited yield achievable, within the confines of current genetic resources and technologies, using parameters for winter wheat growth and development observed recently in Ireland and a minor amount of daily meteorological input (maximum and minimum daily temperature, total daily rainfall and total daily incident radiation). The WWYPM is composed of three processes: (i) an estimation of potential green area index, (ii) an estimation of light interception and biomass accumulation and (iii) an estimation of biomass partitioning to gra...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1558
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