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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 58 on page 1 of 3
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2-D difference gel electrophoresis of the lung squamous cell carcinoma versus normal sera demonstrates consistent alterations in the levels of ten specific proteins
(2007)
Dowling, Paul; O'Driscoll, Lorraine; Meleady, Paula; Henry, Michael; Roy, Shunil; ...
2-D difference gel electrophoresis of the lung squamous cell carcinoma versus normal sera demonstrates consistent alterations in the levels of ten specific proteins
(2007)
Dowling, Paul; O'Driscoll, Lorraine; Meleady, Paula; Henry, Michael; Roy, Shunil; Ballot, Jo; Moriarty, Michael; Crown, John; Clynes, Martin
Abstract:
Most lung cancers are diagnosed too late for curative treatment to be possible, therefore early detection is crucial. Serum proteins are a rich source of biomarkers and have the potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for lung cancer. In order to examine differences in serum levels of specific proteins associated with human lung squamous carcinoma, immunodepletion of albumin and five other high-abundant serum proteins followed by 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis and subsequent MS was used to generate a panel of proteins found to be differentially expressed between the cancer and normal samples. Proteins found to have increased abundance levels in squamous cell carcinoma sera compared to normal sera included apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, chain F; human complement component C3c, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A protein precursor and Ras-related protein Rab-7b. Proteins found to have lower abundance levels in squamous cell carcinoma sera compared to ...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/7359/
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A germline mutation in the brca13’utr predicts stage iv breast cancer
(2018)
Dorairaj, Jemima J; Salzman, David W; Wall, Deirdre; Rounds, Tiffany; Preskill, Carina;...
A germline mutation in the brca13’utr predicts stage iv breast cancer
(2018)
Dorairaj, Jemima J; Salzman, David W; Wall, Deirdre; Rounds, Tiffany; Preskill, Carina; Sullivan, Catherine AW; Lindner, Robert; Curran, Catherine; Lezon-Geyda, Kim; McVeigh, Terri; Harris, Lyndsay; Newell, John; Kerin, Michael J; Wood, Marie; Miller, Nicola; Weidhaas, Joanne B
Abstract:
Background: A germline, variant in the BRCA1 3'UTR (rs8176318) was previously shown to predict breast and ovarian cancer risk in women from high-risk families, as well as increased risk of triple negative breast cancer. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this variant predicts tumor biology, like other 3'UTR mutations in cancer. Methods: The impact of the BRCA1-3'UTR-variant on BRCA1 gene expression, and altered response to external stimuli was tested in vitro using a luciferase reporter assay. Gene expression was further tested in vivo by immunoflourescence staining on breast tumor tissue, comparing triple negative patient samples with the variant (TG or TT) or non-variant (GG) BRCA1 3'UTR. To determine the significance of the variant on clinically relevant endpoints, a comprehensive collection of West-Irish breast cancer patients were tested for the variant. Finally, an association of the variant with breast screening clinical phenotypes was evaluated using a c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11237
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A systematic review of the psychobiological burden of informal caregiving for patients with dementia: focus on cognitive and biological markers of chronic stress
(2016)
Allen, Andrew P.; Curran, Eileen A.; Duggan, Áine; Cryan, John F.; Ní Chorcoráin, Aoife...
A systematic review of the psychobiological burden of informal caregiving for patients with dementia: focus on cognitive and biological markers of chronic stress
(2016)
Allen, Andrew P.; Curran, Eileen A.; Duggan, Áine; Cryan, John F.; Ní Chorcoráin, Aoife; Dinan, Timothy G.; Molloy, D. William; Kearney, Patricia M.; Clarke, Gerard
Abstract:
As the physiological impact of chronic stress is difficult to study in humans, naturalistic stressors are invaluable sources of information in this area. This review systematically evaluates the research literature examining biomarkers of chronic stress, including neurocognition, in informal dementia caregivers. We identified 151 papers for inclusion in the final review, including papers examining differences between caregivers and controls as well as interventions aimed at counteracting the biological burden of chronic caregiving stress. Results indicate that cortisol was increased in caregivers in a majority of studies examining this biomarker. There was mixed evidence for differences in epinephrine, norepinephrine and other cardiovascular markers. There was a high level of heterogeneity in immune system measures. Caregivers performed more poorly on attention and executive functioning tests. There was mixed evidence for memory performance. Interventions to reduce stress improved c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3439
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An analysis of the phosphoproteome of immune cell lines exposed to the immunomodulatory mycotoxin deoxynivalenol
(2011)
Nogueira da Costa, Andre; Kenn, Jeffrey N.; Wild, Christopher P.; Findlay, John B. C.
An analysis of the phosphoproteome of immune cell lines exposed to the immunomodulatory mycotoxin deoxynivalenol
(2011)
Nogueira da Costa, Andre; Kenn, Jeffrey N.; Wild, Christopher P.; Findlay, John B. C.
Abstract:
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) commonly contaminates cereal grains. It is ubiquitous in the Western European diet, although chronic, low-dose effects in humans are not well described, but immunotoxicity has been reported. In this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify phosphoproteomic changes in human B (RPMI1788) and T (Jurkat E6.1) lymphocyte cell lines after exposure to modest concentrations of DON (up to 500 ng/mL) for 24 h. Proteins identified as having altered phosphorylation state post-treatment (C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, eukaryotic elongation factor 2, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) are involved in regulation of metabolic pathways, protein biosynthesis and signaling transduction. All exhibited a greater than 1.4-fold change, reproducible in three separate experiments consisting of 36 gels in total. Flow cytome...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/5994/
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Analysis of the saliva proteome from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals differences in abundance levels of proteins associated with tumour progression and metastasis
(2008)
Dowling, Paul; Wormald, Robert; Meleady, Paula; Henry, Michael; Curran, Aongus; Clynes,...
Analysis of the saliva proteome from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals differences in abundance levels of proteins associated with tumour progression and metastasis
(2008)
Dowling, Paul; Wormald, Robert; Meleady, Paula; Henry, Michael; Curran, Aongus; Clynes, Martin
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in saliva from HNSCC patients compared to a control group. Saliva samples from eight individuals with non-malignant conditions of the head and neck region were employed as a control group and compared to saliva from eight patients with HNSCC using 2D DIGE analysis and subsequent mass spectrometry identification of candidate proteins. Beta fibrin (+2.77-fold), S100 calcium binding protein (+5.35-fold), transferrin (+3.37-fold), immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma (+3.28) and cofilin-1 (+6.42) were all found to be significantly increased in the saliva from HNSCC samples compared to the control group whereas transthyretin (−2.92-fold) was significantly decreased. The increased abundance of one of the proteins identified (S100 calcium binding protein) was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Many of these proteins are involved in tumour progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. The proximity of saliv...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/7337/
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Apelin: A putative novel predictive biomarker for bevacizumab response in colorectal cancer.
(2017)
Zuurbier, Linda; Rahman, Arman; Cordes, Martijn; Scheick, Jennifer; Wong, Tse J; Rusten...
Apelin: A putative novel predictive biomarker for bevacizumab response in colorectal cancer.
(2017)
Zuurbier, Linda; Rahman, Arman; Cordes, Martijn; Scheick, Jennifer; Wong, Tse J; Rustenburg, François; Joseph, Jesu C; Dynoodt, Peter; Casey, Rory; Drillenburg, Paul; Gerhards, Michael; Barat, Ana; Klinger, Rut; Fender, Bozena; O'Connor, Darran P; Betge, Johannes; Ebert, Matthias P; Gaiser, Timo; Prehn, Jochen HM; Griffioen, Arjan W
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at http://www.oncotarget.com</p>
<p>Bevacizumab (bvz) is currently employed as an anti-angiogenic therapy across several cancer indications. Bvz response heterogeneity has been well documented, with only 10-15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients benefitting in general. For other patients, clinical efficacy is limited and side effects are significant. This reinforces the need for a robust predictive biomarker of response. To identify such a biomarker, we performed a DNA microarray-based transcriptional profiling screen with primary endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from normal and tumour colon tissues. Thirteen separate populations of tumour-associated ECs and 10 of normal ECs were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We hypothesised that VEGF-induced genes were overexpressed in tumour ECs; these genes could relate to bvz response and serve as potential predictive biomarkers. Transcriptional profiling revealed ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/physiolart/120
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Application of statistical process control to qualitative molecular diagnostic assays.
(2014)
O'BRIEN, CATHAL; FINN, STEPHEN
Application of statistical process control to qualitative molecular diagnostic assays.
(2014)
O'BRIEN, CATHAL; FINN, STEPHEN
Abstract:
Modern pathology laboratories and in particular high throughput laboratories such as clinical chemistry have developed a reliable system for statistical process control (SPC). Such a system is absent from the majority of molecular laboratories and where present is confined to quantitative assays. As the inability to apply SPC to an assay is an obvious disadvantage this study aimed to solve this problem by using a frequency estimate coupled with a confidence interval calculation to detect deviations from an expected mutation frequency. The results of this study demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and highlight minimum sample number requirements. Notably, assays with low mutation frequencies and detection of small deviations from an expected value require greater sample numbers to mitigate a protracted time to detection. Modeled laboratory data was also used to highlight how this approach might be applied in a routine molecular laboratory. This article is the fir...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/75538
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Assessing the immune phenotype of cardiac syndrome x: a prospective study of biomarkers
(2016)
Dollard, James
Assessing the immune phenotype of cardiac syndrome x: a prospective study of biomarkers
(2016)
Dollard, James
Abstract:
Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX), the presence of angina pectoris with objective signs of myocardial ischaemia despite angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries, appears to be due to coronary microvascular dysfunction and is known to be associated with an elevation of several inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting a possible role for inflammation in its pathogenesis. We aimed to further characterise this relationship by prospectively analysing a wide variety of molecular biomarkers in a cohort of CSX patients thereby charting the changes in biomarkers throughout the natural history of CSX from its initial diagnosis to eventual disease quiescence. We found that CSX patients, when compared to healthy controls, have a persistent low-grade systemic inflammatory response characterised by an elevation of Tumour Necrosis Factor and Interferon-gamma, regardless of the presence of contemporaneous signs or symptoms of disease activity. Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein (CRP) are only eleva...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2661
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Blood-brain barrier response in the context of sports-related TBI
(2020)
O'KEEFFE, EOIN
Blood-brain barrier response in the context of sports-related TBI
(2020)
O'KEEFFE, EOIN
Abstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the largest causes of mortality and disability globally. The severity of TBI is clinically categorised into mild, moderate and severe injuries. Moderate and severe TBI often present with clear diagnostic criteria, such as loss of consciousness, skull fractures and/ or structural damage to the brain detectable by neuroimaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. However, mild TBI (mTBI), which is thought to represent almost 70% of TBI cases, is often difficult to recognise. In contrast to moderate and severe TBI, mTBI is incurred by a non-penetrating blow to the head, which may or may not result in loss of consciousness, and by most definitions, does not display abnormal neuroimaging findings. The spontaneous resolution of symptoms has also led to the perception that mTBI is a benign condition with no lasting consequences. However, in recent years, several reports have detailed a dementia-like co...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91319
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Changes in urinary metabolomic profile during relapsing renal vasculitis
(2016)
LITTLE, MARK; O'BRIEN, EOIN; MOK, KENNETH
Changes in urinary metabolomic profile during relapsing renal vasculitis
(2016)
LITTLE, MARK; O'BRIEN, EOIN; MOK, KENNETH
Abstract:
Current biomarkers of renal disease in systemic vasculitis lack predictive value and are insensitive to early damage. To identify novel biomarkers of renal vasculitis flare, we analysed the longitudinal urinary metabolomic profile of a rat model of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were immunised with human myeloperoxidase (MPO). Urine was obtained at regular intervals for 181 days, after which relapse was induced by re-challenge with MPO. Urinary metabolites were assessed in an unbiased fashion using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and analysed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least squares regression (PLS-R). At 56 days post-immunisation, we found that rats with vasculitis had a significantly different urinary metabolite profile than control animals; the observed PLS-DA clusters dissipated between 56 and 181 days, and re-emerged with relapse. The metabolites most altered in rats with...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79162
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Characterization of post-traumatic immunosuppression and its partial reversal by autologous salvaged blood transfusion
(2015)
Islam, Nahidul
Characterization of post-traumatic immunosuppression and its partial reversal by autologous salvaged blood transfusion
(2015)
Islam, Nahidul
Abstract:
Documentary evidence of post-traumatic immunosuppression (PTI) is traceable back to 1856. Although improved hygiene has ameliorated many risks, vulnerability to systemic infection following major surgery or closed injury persists. Underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic and few effective treatments exist. Knee replacement surgery offers an ideal clinical model to characterize immune status after sterile trauma in terms of blood biomarkers. The main objective was to identify biomarkers of PTI, and establish how these were altered by anti-coagulated salvaged blood transfusion. A prospective non-randomized cohort study involved 43 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty, 25 of whom received anti-coagulated salvaged blood transfusions collected post-operatively, and 18 non-transfused patients. Biomarkers of sterile trauma included haematological values, Damage-Associated-Molecular-Patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, and chemokines. Salvaged blood was analysed within one hour and s...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4868
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Circulating nucleosomes and nucleosome modifications as biomarkers in cancer
(2018)
McAnena, Peter; Brown, James; Kerin, Michael
Circulating nucleosomes and nucleosome modifications as biomarkers in cancer
(2018)
McAnena, Peter; Brown, James; Kerin, Michael
Abstract:
Traditionally the stratification of many cancers involves combining tumour and clinicopathological features (e.g., patient age; tumour size, grade, receptor status and location) to inform treatment options and predict recurrence risk and survival. However, current biomarkers often require invasive excision of the tumour for profiling, do not allow monitoring of the response to treatment and stratify patients into broad heterogeneous groups leading to inconsistent treatment responses. Here we explore and describe the benefits of using circulating biomarkers (nucleosomes and/or modifications to nucleosomes) as a non-invasive method for detecting cancer and monitoring response to treatment. Nucleosomes (DNA wound around eight core histone proteins) are responsible for compacting our genome and their composition and post-translational modifications are responsible for regulating gene expression. Here, we focus on breast and colorectal cancer as examples where utilizing circulating nucle...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12702
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Co-acting gene networks predict trail responsiveness of tumour cells with high accuracy
(2018)
O’Reilly, Paul; Ortutay, Csaba; Gernon, Grainne; O’Connell, Enda; Seoighe, Cathal; Boyc...
Co-acting gene networks predict trail responsiveness of tumour cells with high accuracy
(2018)
O’Reilly, Paul; Ortutay, Csaba; Gernon, Grainne; O’Connell, Enda; Seoighe, Cathal; Boyce, Susan; Serrano, Luis; Szegezdi, Eva
Abstract:
Background: Identification of differentially expressed genes from transcriptomic studies is one of the most common mechanisms to identify tumor biomarkers. This approach however is not well suited to identify interaction between genes whose protein products potentially influence each other, which limits its power to identify molecular wiring of tumour cells dictating response to a drug. Due to the fact that signal transduction pathways are not linear and highly interlinked, the biological response they drive may be better described by the relative amount of their components and their functional relationships than by their individual, absolute expression. Results: Gene expression microarray data for 109 tumor cell lines with known sensitivity to the death ligand cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was used to identify genes with potential functional relationships determining responsiveness to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The machine learning technique...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13313
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Considerations towards a roadmap for collection, handling and storage of blood extracellular vesicles.
(2019)
O'Driscoll, Lorraine
Considerations towards a roadmap for collection, handling and storage of blood extracellular vesicles.
(2019)
O'Driscoll, Lorraine
Abstract:
doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1647027
There is an increasing interest in exploring clinically relevant information that is present in body fluids, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are intrinsic components of body fluids (?liquid biopsies?). In this report, we will focus on blood. Blood contains not only EVs but also cells,and non-EV particles including lipoproteins. Due to the high concentration of soluble proteins and lipoproteins, blood, plasma and serum have a high viscosity and density,which hampers the concentration, isolation and detection of EVs. Because most if not all studies on EVs are single-centre studies, their clinical relevance remains limited. Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve standardization and reproducibility of EV research. Asa first step, the International Society on Extracellular Vesicles organized a biomarker work-shop in Birmingham (UK) in November 2017, and during that workshop several working groups were created to focus on a particular body flu...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/89951
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Differential expression of the inflammation marker IL12p40 in the at-risk mental state for psychosis: a predictor of transition to psychotic disorder?
(2016)
Föcking, Melanie M; Dicker, Patrick; Lopez, Lorna M; Cannon, Mary; Schäfer, Miriam R; M...
Differential expression of the inflammation marker IL12p40 in the at-risk mental state for psychosis: a predictor of transition to psychotic disorder?
(2016)
Föcking, Melanie M; Dicker, Patrick; Lopez, Lorna M; Cannon, Mary; Schäfer, Miriam R; McGorry, Patrick D; Smesny, Stefan; Cotter, David R; Amminger, G Paul
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at www.biomedcentral.com</p>
<p>BACKGROUND: The identification of biomarkers of transition from the at-risk mental state (ARMS) to psychotic disorder is important because early treatment of psychosis is associated with improved outcome. Increasing evidence points to an inflammatory contribution to psychosis. We questioned whether raised levels of plasma inflammatory markers predict transition from ARMS to psychotic disorder and whether any such predictors could be reduced by omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).</p> <p>METHODS: We measured the levels of 40 neuroinflammation biomarkers using a commercially available immunoassay kit. Firstly, we compared inflammatory markers in subjects in the ARMS who transitioned to psychotic disorder (n = 11) compared to subjects who did not (n = 28). Then we compared inflammatory markers in all subjects before and after ω-3 PUFA treatment (n = 40).</p> <p&...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/psychart/40
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Electrochemiluminescent array to detect oxidative damage in ds-dna using [os(bpy)2(phen-benz-cooh)]2+/nafion/graphene films
(2018)
Bist, Itti; Song, Boya; Mosa, Islam M.; Keyes, Tia E.; Martin, Aaron; Forster, Robert J...
Electrochemiluminescent array to detect oxidative damage in ds-dna using [os(bpy)2(phen-benz-cooh)]2+/nafion/graphene films
(2018)
Bist, Itti; Song, Boya; Mosa, Islam M.; Keyes, Tia E.; Martin, Aaron; Forster, Robert J.; Rusling, James F.
Abstract:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidize guanosines in DNA to form 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a biomarker for oxidative stress. Herein we describe a novel 64-microwell electrochemiluminescent (ECL) array enabling sensitive multiplexed detection of 8-oxodG in dsDNA without hydrolysis. Films of Nafion and reduced graphene oxide containing ECL dye [Os(bpy)(2)(phen-benz-COOH)](2+) (OsNG, {bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine and phen-benz-COOH = (4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-6-yl)benzoic acid)}) were assembled into microwells on a pyrolytic graphite wafer to detect 8-oxodG in oligonucleotides by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). DNA oxidation by Fenton's reagent or by ROS formation during redox cycles involving NADPH, Cu-II, and model metabolites was monitored. UPLC-MS/MS of oxidized DNA samples were used for calibration. Detection limit for the fluidic arrays was one 8-oxodG per 670 intact nucleobases, or 0.15%. The method is sensitive enough to evaluate DNA oxidation from biologicall...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10449
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Evaluation of neuroimaging biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(2017)
SCHUSTER, CHRISTINA
Evaluation of neuroimaging biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(2017)
SCHUSTER, CHRISTINA
Abstract:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by relentless upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. The clinical spectrum, symptoms onset, genetic vulnerability and cognitive profile of ALS is hugely heterogeneous making early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and disease monitoring particularly challenging. There is no cure available and life expectancy is limited to 2-3 years. Objective, accurate and validated biomarkers are urgently needed for diagnostic applications, disease monitoring and as prognostic indicators. The aim of this PhD thesis is to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a potential biomarker of ALS. First, a comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to explore the methods, design and pitfalls of existing longitudinal imaging studies across the spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, fronto-temporal dementia, Huntin...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/81901
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Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs as circulating biomarkers for breast cancer
(2017)
Joyce, Doireann
Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs as circulating biomarkers for breast cancer
(2017)
Joyce, Doireann
Abstract:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases survival from which depends on stage at diagnosis. The development of blood-based biomarkers which may facilitate earlier detection and possibly subtype delineation remains the focus of international research efforts. Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles that are actively secreted by cells and have been shown to play a role in intercellular communication in the primary breast tumour microenvironment. Exosomes contain genetic material including microRNAs (miRNA), which have the potential to function as circulating biomarkers for breast cancer. In this work, a retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes from Triple-negative and Non-Triple-negative breast cancer was used to demonstrate the inferior prognosis that is associated with the triple-negative phenotype. Exosomes were isolated from breast cancer cell lines and using Transmission Electron Microscopy and Western Blot Analysis were shown to have the characteristic shape, size ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6510
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Exosome-encapsulated micrornas as circulating biomarkers for breast cancer
(2018)
Joyce, Doireann P.; Kerin, Michael J.; Dwyer, Róisín M.
Exosome-encapsulated micrornas as circulating biomarkers for breast cancer
(2018)
Joyce, Doireann P.; Kerin, Michael J.; Dwyer, Róisín M.
Abstract:
Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease, accounting for 29% of invasive cancers in women. Survival from this disease depends on the stage at diagnosis, with patients who are detected earlier having more favourable outcomes. It is because of this that research groups are focusing on the development of a blood-based biomarker for breast cancer. Such biomarkers may facilitate the detection of breast cancer in its infancy before it has spread beyond the primary site. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have shown immense potential in this setting. These short, non-coding RNA sequences have been shown to be dysregulated in breast cancer. Despite showing immense promise, miRNAs have not been successfully implemented in the clinical setting due to a lack of a standardised approach which has resulted in conflicting results. These challenges may be addressed at least in part through the study of exosomes. The biomarker potential for exosomes holds huge promise and may revolutionise the way in which we di...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12124
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Functions and therapeutic roles of exosomes in cancer.
(2014)
O'BYRNE, KEN
Functions and therapeutic roles of exosomes in cancer.
(2014)
O'BYRNE, KEN
Abstract:
The role of exosomes in cancer development has become the focus of much research, due to the many emerging roles possessed by exosomes. These micro-vesicles that are ubiquitously released in to the extracellular milieu, have been found to regulate immune system function, particularly in tumorigenesis, as well as conditioning future metastatic sites for the attachment and growth of tumor tissue. Through an interaction with a range of host tissue, exosomes are able to generate a pro-tumor environment that is essential for carcinogenesis. Herein, we discuss the contents of exosomes and their contribution to tumorigenesis, as well as their role in chemotherapeutic resistance and the development of novel cancer treatments and the identification of cancer biomarkers.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/71226
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High-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentration and risk of first-ever cardiovascular outcomes in 154,052 participants
(2017)
Willeit, Peter; Welsh, Paul; Evans, Jonathan D. W.; Tschiderer, Lena; Boachie, Charles;...
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin concentration and risk of first-ever cardiovascular outcomes in 154,052 participants
(2017)
Willeit, Peter; Welsh, Paul; Evans, Jonathan D. W.; Tschiderer, Lena; Boachie, Charles; Jukema, J. Wouter; Ford, Ian; Trompet, Stella; Stott, David J.; Kearney, Patricia M.; Mooijaart, Simon P.; Kiechl, Stefan; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Sattar, Naveed
Abstract:
BACKGROUND High-sensitivity assays can quantify cardiac troponins I and T (hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT) in individuals with no clinically manifest myocardial injury. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess associations of cardiac troponin concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in primary prevention studies. METHODS A search was conducted of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for prospective studies published up to September 2016, reporting on associations of cardiac troponin concentration with first-ever CVD outcomes (i.e., coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, or the combination of both). Study-specific estimates, adjusted for conventional risk factors, were extracted by 2 independent reviewers, supplemented with de novo data from PROSPER (Pravastatin in Elderly Individuals at Risk of Vascular Disease Study), then pooled by using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 relevant studies were identified involving 154,052 participants. Cardiac troponin was d...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4799
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High-throughput profiling for discovery of non-coding RNA biomarkers of lung disease.
(2016)
McKiernan, Paul J; Greene, Catherine M
High-throughput profiling for discovery of non-coding RNA biomarkers of lung disease.
(2016)
McKiernan, Paul J; Greene, Catherine M
Abstract:
<p>The Version of Scholarly Record of this Article is published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 2016, available online at: <a href="http://tandfonline.com/">http://www.tandfonline.com/</a> DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1122526</p>
<p>In respiratory medicine there is a need for clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of response to therapy. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is expressed in all human cells; two major classes - long ncRNA and microRNA - are detectable extracellularly in the circulation and other biofluids. Altered ncRNA expression is associated with lung disease; collectively this indicates that ncRNA represents a potential biomarker class. This article presents and compares existing platforms for detection and quantification of ncRNA, specifically hybridization, qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing, and outlines methods for data interpretation and normalization. Each approach has merits and shortcomings, which can affec...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/medart/53
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Identification of decisive molecular interactions regulating resistance to apoptosis in tumour cells
(2014)
O' Reilly, Paul
Identification of decisive molecular interactions regulating resistance to apoptosis in tumour cells
(2014)
O' Reilly, Paul
Abstract:
TRAIL is a member of the TNF family of cytokines which can selectively induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. For this reason recombinant TRAIL is being considered for the treatment of cancer. During their development cancer cells disengage pivotal sections of the machinery required for apoptosis. This is also the case for the TRAIL pathway. Concurrently 50-60% of tumours are known to be resistant to TRAIL. Additionally reports found that TRAIL can initiate NF-kB -pro-survival pathways in resistant cell lines which may promote tumour aggression. Therefore a reliable biomarker that can identify responsive patients is needed. Biomarker discovery is often based on the identification of differentially expressed genes from transcriptome studies. In these analyses the threshold is a minimum arbitrary level (e.g. two fold induction.) in the majority of samples. This gene-by-gene approach cannot assess interaction between genes or proteins. . Minimal forays have been made into identifying gen...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4703
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Improved detection of biomarkers in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) from postpartum cattle
(2018)
O'Farrelly, Cliona; Adnane, Mounir; Kelly, Paul; Chapwanya, Aspinas; Meade, Kieran
Improved detection of biomarkers in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) from postpartum cattle
(2018)
O'Farrelly, Cliona; Adnane, Mounir; Kelly, Paul; Chapwanya, Aspinas; Meade, Kieran
Abstract:
Background: In the postpartum cow, early diagnosis of uterine disease is currently problematic due to the lack of reliable, non-invasive diagnostic methods. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) is an easy to collect potentially informative source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of uterine disease in cows. Here, we report an improved methodfor processing CVM from postpartum dairy cows for the measurement of immune biomarkers. CVM samples were collected from the vagina using gloved hand during the first two weeks postpartum and processed with buffer alone or buffer containing different concentrations of the reducing agents recommended in standard protocols: Dithiothriotol (DTT) or N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC). Total protein was measured using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay; interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and?1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured by ELISA. Results: We found that use of reducing agents to liquefy CVM affects protein yield and the accuracy of biomarker detection. Our...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/89581
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Mark
In-depth Analytical Platforms Facilitating Serum Glycome, Proteome and Glycoproteome Investigation for Biomarker Discovery
(2018)
SMITH, JOSH
In-depth Analytical Platforms Facilitating Serum Glycome, Proteome and Glycoproteome Investigation for Biomarker Discovery
(2018)
SMITH, JOSH
Abstract:
Human serum is a great source of potential protein disease biomarkers because of how blood interacts with all parts of the body, allowing it to contain proteins secreted from specific tissues of interest, and due the non-invasive method for which it is procured. However, tissue specific proteins found in serum are generally of low abundance, making them difficult to identify as the more readily present serum proteins mask their detection. Tissue specific glycoproteins and their associated glycans are of particular interest for study as potential biomarkers because of how glycosylation impacts protein function. To investigate the depths of the human serum N-glycome, a 2-dimensional (2D) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) platform was developed using weak anion exchange (WAX) in the first dimension followed by subsequent offline hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) fractionation in the second dimension to separate released serum N-glycans by charge a...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82723
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