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Subject = Biostatistics;
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Displaying Results 1 - 8 of 8 on page 1 of 1
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An Examination of the Neural Unreliability Thesis of Autism
(2016)
Butler, John; Molholm, Sophie; Andrade, Gizely; Foxe, John J
An Examination of the Neural Unreliability Thesis of Autism
(2016)
Butler, John; Molholm, Sophie; Andrade, Gizely; Foxe, John J
Abstract:
An emerging neuropathological theory of Autism, referred to here as “the neural unreliability thesis,” proposes greater variability in moment-to-moment cortical representation of environmental events, such that the system shows general instability in its impulse response function. Leading evidence for this thesis derives from functional neuroimaging, a methodology ill-suited for detailed assessment of sensory transmission dynamics occurring at the millisecond scale. Electrophysiological assessments of this thesis, however, are sparse and unconvincing. We conducted detailed examination of visual and somatosensory evoked activity using high-density electrical mapping in individuals with autism (N = 20) and precisely matched neurotypical controls (N = 20), recording large numbers of trials that allowed for exhaustive timefrequency analyses at the single-trial level. Measures of intertrial coherence and event-related spectral perturbation revealed no convincing evidence for an unreliabi...
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschmatart/223
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Aspects of modeling and application of survival-type data
(2018)
Fallah, Lida
Aspects of modeling and application of survival-type data
(2018)
Fallah, Lida
Abstract:
Survival analysis is collection of methods for analyzing data where the outcome of interest is the time to an event and some of the observations are censored. Survival data can arise naturally from studies on, machines' time to break down (also known as reliability) to agricultural experiments on how some environmental conditions affect flowering, to medical cohort studies following-up cancer patients' survival and their reaction to treatments, etc. In industrial applications there are obvious benefits of progressive censoring (briefly speaking, removing live individuals progressively over time according to a censoring plan) in machine testing where effort, resource, and cost can be saved by early censoring. Furthermore, in agricultural applications, such as the serious threat of certain pests to sugar cane during the planting season or the maturation phase of the cane, biological control assays are used to study the survival of pests under exposure to pesticides. In addit...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/7349
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Exploring circadian blood pressure patterns
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M.
Exploring circadian blood pressure patterns
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M.
Abstract:
Despite our comprehensive knowledge of the importance of reducing mean levels of blood pressure (BP), we are less informed about the benefits of reducing other parameters of BP, specifically BP variability (BPV). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), which can be used to obtain estimates of BP over a 24h period, offers a powerful tool in the analysis of circadian patterns and short-term BPV. The main aims of this thesis were to explore and identify circadian BP patterns between individuals and groups, and extract meaningful measures that describe these patterns while appropriately accounting for the inherent cyclical structure of ABPM data. Specifically, the thesis includes a systematic review which identifies summary measures of BPV, such as standard deviation. A meta-analysis exploring the correlation between short-term BPV and subclinical target organ damage (TOD) is included. The association between the identified summary measures and subclinical TOD is then explored in a...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3888
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Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M.; Li, Xia; Kearney, Patricia M.; Tilling, Kate; Fitzgerald, Anthony P.
Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M.; Li, Xia; Kearney, Patricia M.; Tilling, Kate; Fitzgerald, Anthony P.
Abstract:
Background: There are many examples of physiological processes that follow a circadian cycle and researchers are interested in alternative methods to illustrate and quantify this diurnal variation. Circadian blood pressure (BP) deserves additional attention given uncertainty relating to the prognostic significance of BP variability in relation to cardiovascular disease. However, the majority of studies exploring variability in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) collapse the data into single readings ignoring the temporal nature of the data. Advanced statistical techniques are required to explore complete variation over 24 h. Methods: We use piecewise linear splines in a mixed-effects model with a constraint to ensure periodicity as a novel application for modelling daily blood pressure. Data from the Mitchelstown Study, a cross-sectional study of Irish adults aged 47–73 years (n = 2047) was utilized. A subsample (1207) underwent 24-h ABPM. We compared patterns between those...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3752
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Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure.
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M; Li, Xuia; Kearney, Patricia M; Tilling, Kate; Fitzgerald, Anthony P
Exploring diurnal variation using piecewise linear splines: an example using blood pressure.
(2017)
Madden, Jamie M; Li, Xuia; Kearney, Patricia M; Tilling, Kate; Fitzgerald, Anthony P
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at www.biomedcentral.com</p>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> There are many examples of physiological processes that follow a circadian cycle and researchers are interested in alternative methods to illustrate and quantify this diurnal variation. Circadian blood pressure (BP) deserves additional attention given uncertainty relating to the prognostic significance of BP variability in relation to cardiovascular disease. However, the majority of studies exploring variability in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) collapse the data into single readings ignoring the temporal nature of the data. Advanced statistical techniques are required to explore complete variation over 24 h.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We use piecewise linear splines in a mixed-effects model with a constraint to ensure periodicity as a novel application for modelling daily blood pressure. Data from the Mitchels...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/ephmart/70
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Happy birthday? An observational study
(2019)
Kelly, Gabrielle E.; Kelleher, Cecily
Happy birthday? An observational study
(2019)
Kelly, Gabrielle E.; Kelleher, Cecily
Abstract:
Background: Previous studies show contradictory findings on the relationship between birthday and deathday, in particular whether people postpone death until after their birthday. We examine the phenomenon in eight groups of famous people. Methods: Birthday and deathday for the following groups were recorded: British prime ministers, US presidents, Academy Award best actor, best female actor, best director, Nobel Prize winners, Wimbledon men’s and ladies' singles winners, all from when records began. For each group, the difference in days between the deathday and birthday was calculated. Under the hypothesis of no association, one can expect the difference to have a uniform distribution. This is assessed using goodness-of-fit tests on a circle. Results: All groups showed some departure from the uniform and it occurred around the birthday in all groups. British prime ministers, US presidents, Academy Award actors and directors, Nobel Prize winners and Wimbledon men show a ’dip...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/10557
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Imputation by the mean score should be avoided when validating a Patient Reported Outcomes questionnaire by a Rasch model in presence of informative missing data.
(2011)
Hardouin, Jean-Benoit; Conroy, Ronán; Sébille, Véronique
Imputation by the mean score should be avoided when validating a Patient Reported Outcomes questionnaire by a Rasch model in presence of informative missing data.
(2011)
Hardouin, Jean-Benoit; Conroy, Ronán; Sébille, Véronique
Abstract:
<p>This article is also available from <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com">www.biomedcentral.com</a></p>
<p>BACKGROUND: Nowadays, more and more clinical scales consisting in responses given by the patients to some items (Patient Reported Outcomes - PRO), are validated with models based on Item Response Theory, and more specifically, with a Rasch model. In the validation sample, presence of missing data is frequent. The aim of this paper is to compare sixteen methods for handling the missing data (mainly based on simple imputation) in the context of psychometric validation of PRO by a Rasch model. The main indexes used for validation by a Rasch model are compared.</p> <p>METHODS: A simulation study was performed allowing to consider several cases, notably the possibility for the missing values to be informative or not and the rate of missing data.</p> <p>RESULTS: Several imputations methods produce bias on psychom...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/ephmart/27
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The Importance of Inhaler Technique in Measuring and Calculating Inhaler Adherence, and its Clinical Outcomes
(2017)
Sulaiman, Imran
The Importance of Inhaler Technique in Measuring and Calculating Inhaler Adherence, and its Clinical Outcomes
(2017)
Sulaiman, Imran
Abstract:
<p>Depending on the population studied, cross-sectional observational studies suggest that between 14%-90% of patients do not use their pressurized metered dose inhaler correctly, while 50-60% misuse a dry powder inhaler. This means that unless incorrect technique is acounted for a significant underestimation of how much medication the person actually obtained may be made.</p> <p>The aim of this thesis was to objectively determine the frequency and importance of inhaler technique errors and to combine these with inhaler use to provide an acurate method of calculating adherence. I then investigated different patterns of inhaler use, determinants of inhaler use and the impact of education directed at technique of inhaler use has on adherence and clinical outcomes.</p> <p>To assess inhaler adherence the INhaler Compliance Assessment (INCATM) device was used. This device records digital audio of a patient using their inhaler to provide information on time a...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/phdtheses/191
Displaying Results 1 - 8 of 8 on page 1 of 1
Bibtex
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Institution
Dublin Institute of Technology (1)
NUI Galway (1)
Royal College of Surgeons i... (3)
University College Cork (2)
University College Dublin (1)
Item Type
Doctoral thesis (3)
Journal article (5)
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Peer-reviewed (3)
Non-peer-reviewed (2)
Unknown (3)
Year
2019 (1)
2018 (1)
2017 (4)
2016 (1)
2011 (1)
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