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Subject = Corruption, bribery, economic reform, economic policy, sub-Saharan Africa, Afrobarometer, public opinion, survey data;
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 47 on page 1 of 2
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'Principle of revenue neutrality' proves Government's lack of vision
(2009)
Murphy, Mary
'Principle of revenue neutrality' proves Government's lack of vision
(2009)
Murphy, Mary
Abstract:
The average percentage of GDP spent on social protection in the EU-15 is 27.5% (Eurostat, 2007) . The Irish rate of 18.2% compares badly with high spenders France (31.1%) and Sweden (30.7%), with our nearest neighbour the UK at 26.4% but also with countries like Greece (24.2%) and Portugal (25.4%). Ireland, to make any meaningful social or economic progress, should be moving toward a higher percentage of GDP on social protection.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/9062/
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Aid and governance: Negative returns?
(2015)
Brazys, Samuel
Aid and governance: Negative returns?
(2015)
Brazys, Samuel
Abstract:
Recent literature has come to little consensus on the impact of aid flows on governance in recipient countries. This article adds to the debate by developing a theoretical and empirical argument to help resolve the contradictory claims. The article suggests that the aid–governance relationship need not be linear, but rather, that aid may simultaneously improve and hinder governance. This relationship might be akin to an aid–governance 'aid dependence' Laffer curve wherein 'too much' aid can lead to counter-productive results. Inserting non-linear aid terms in established techniques for examining aid and governance reveals significant support for the potential of negative returns in aid and governance.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7156
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Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2018)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2018)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
We find that new states are perceived to be more corrupt even though businesses do not report more bribery in newer states. This is suggestive of an unearned, and likely high, reputational cost to being a new state. These findings hold over a number of specifications that include additional economic, historical, and geographic controls
http://doras.dcu.ie/22103/
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Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2018)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2018)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
We find that new states are perceived to be more corrupt even though businesses do not report more bribery in newer states. This is suggestive of an unearned, and likely high, reputational cost to being a new state. These findings hold over a number of specifications that include additional economic, historical and geographic controls.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22325/
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Mark
Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2017)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions vs. firms’ experiences
(2017)
Adhikari, Tamanna; Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
We find that new states are perceived to be more corrupt even though businesses do not report more bribery in newer states. This is suggestive of an unearned, and likely high, reputational cost to being a new state. These findings hold over a number of specifications that include additional economic, historical, and geographic controls.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/9094
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Mark
Bad Neighbors? How co-located Chinese and World Bank Development Projects Impact Local Corruption in Tanzania
(2017)
Brazys, Samuel; Elkink, Johan A.; Kelly, Gina
Bad Neighbors? How co-located Chinese and World Bank Development Projects Impact Local Corruption in Tanzania
(2017)
Brazys, Samuel; Elkink, Johan A.; Kelly, Gina
Abstract:
The rise of China as a "non-traditional" development partner has been one of the most important phenomena in the field over the past decade. The lack of transparency in Chinese development projects, coupled with an uninterested stance towards governance, lead many to wonder if Chinese engagement will contribute to or undermine existing development efforts. This paper adds to the debate by inquiring as to the relationship of Chinese development efforts with perceptions of, and experiences with, corruption when projects are closely-located to those from a traditional donor, the World Bank. Taking advantage of spatial data, the paper evidences an association between the location of a larger number of Chinese projects and higher experiences with and, to some extent, perceptions of corruption when accounting for co-located World Bank projects. Likewise, while World Bank projects are associated with lower levels of corruption in the absence of Chinese projects, this relationship...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/9063
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Colonialism and its legacies, as reflected in water, incorporating a view from Malawi
(2018)
Mathur, Chandana; Mulwafu, Wapulumuka
Colonialism and its legacies, as reflected in water, incorporating a view from Malawi
(2018)
Mathur, Chandana; Mulwafu, Wapulumuka
Abstract:
Continued, accelerating water inequalities and conflicts in the postcolonial world cannot be properly grasped without a thorough understanding of colonialism and its legacies. At the same time, water as a resource provides an immensely useful lens for understanding the intricacies and the dynamics of the colonial and postcolonial eras, in general terms, and in the particular historical instance of Malawi examined here. This essay draws on a range of literatures—social theory, political ecology, history, anthropology, sociology, geography, and so on—to demonstrate that struggles over water and other natural resources in the postcolonial world are situated within wider global structures and relationships of power. Starting with a discussion of theoretical approaches to water, the essay goes on to examine the processes of state formation in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and explore the intersectionality of the contemporary lived experience of class, gender, race, and ethnicity in this region. It...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/10905/
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Column: How Obama’s policies may hurt investment in Ireland
(2013)
Flavin, Thomas
Column: How Obama’s policies may hurt investment in Ireland
(2013)
Flavin, Thomas
Abstract:
Ireland’s foreign direct investment is at risk under Obama’s tax proposals. We should be worried, writes Dr Tom Flavin.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4430/
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Corruption and anxiety in Sub-Saharan Africa
(2015)
Gillanders, Robert
Corruption and anxiety in Sub-Saharan Africa
(2015)
Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
This paper examines the relationship between individuals’ experience of corruption and their anxiety using microeconomic data from the Afrobarometer surveys. The results show a statistically significant and economically meaningful relationship in probit models using both an experience of corruption index and a simple dummy variable. Having to pay a bribe to obtain documents and permits, to avoid problems with the police or to access medical care are the scenarios in which this relationship is strongest. Some evidence is presented that an individual needs to experience such corruption more than ‘once or twice’ for these relationships to become evident.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22329/
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Corruption and infrastructure at the country and regional level
(2013)
Gillanders, Robert
Corruption and infrastructure at the country and regional level
(2013)
Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
This paper examines the relationship between corruption and infrastructure at both the country and regional level using the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys data. A statistically significant and considerable relationship is established between the measure of corruption in the macro data and the measures of transportation and electricity infrastructure. Countries with more corruption tend to have worse infrastructure. At the regional level, the key result is unchanged. The magnitude and significance of this result is shown to vary by global region. Two stage least squares results, using distance from the equator as an instrument at the macro level support the simple OLS. Finally, it is shown that within country variation in corruption has a significant effect on regional infrastructure.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22331/
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Corruption and support for economic reform in sub-Saharan Africa
(2019)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert; Mahmalat, Mounir
Corruption and support for economic reform in sub-Saharan Africa
(2019)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert; Mahmalat, Mounir
Abstract:
We explore the relationship between experiences of corruption and support for economic reform in sub-Saharan Africa. We find that the relationship varies across three rounds of the Afrobarometer survey. Examining each round separately, we find that in the first round the local intensity of bribery is correlated with support for reform. In the second round an individual’s own experience of bribery matters, while in the third round neither variable is important. Estimating our model on pooled data suggests that an individual’s own experience of corruption is associated with less support for reform on average. However, we present evidence that this association is only present in the second round. These findings point to a changing relationship which may reflect rapid development in the region, including economic growth, inward investment, and the diffusion of technology. Our key contribution is to demonstrate that policy recommendations based on an analysis of one round of data or pool...
http://doras.dcu.ie/23319/
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Corruption and the shadow economy at the regional level
(2018)
Gillanders, Robert; Parviainen, Sinikka
Corruption and the shadow economy at the regional level
(2018)
Gillanders, Robert; Parviainen, Sinikka
Abstract:
The links between corruption and the shadow economy have mostly been studied empirically at the country level. This paper contributes to this literature by examining the relationship at the sub-national level. We also add value to the existing literature in that we employ data capturing the extent to which the shadow economy and corruption are viewed as problems by firms as opposed to the standard measures of corruption and the size of the shadow economy. Using World Bank Enterprise Survey data, we find that sub-national units in which more firms report that corruption is an obstacle to their operations also tend to have more firms that report that the practices of informal competitors are an obstacle and vice versa. Sub-Saharan Africa is different in that neither of these findings are evident in that sub-sample.
http://doras.dcu.ie/23778/
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Mark
Corruption, Institutions and Regulation
(2015)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Corruption, Institutions and Regulation
(2015)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
We analyze the effects of corruption and institutional quality on the quality of business regulation. Our key findings indicate that corruption negatively aspects the quality of regulation and that general institutional quality is insignificant once corruption is controlled for. These findings hold over a number of specifications which include additional exogenous historical and geographic controls. The findings imply that policy-makers should focus on curbing corruption to improve regulation, over wider institutional reform.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6381
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Mark
Corruption, institutions and regulation
(2012)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Corruption, institutions and regulation
(2012)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
We analyze the effects of corruption and institutional quality on the quality of business regulation. Our key findings indicate that corruption negatively affects the quality of regulation and that general institutional quality is insignificant once corruption is controlled for. These findings hold over a number of specifications which include additional exogenous historical and geographic controls. The findings imply that policy makers can focus on curbing corruption to improve regulation, over wider institutional reform.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22100/
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Daily judgement: political news and financial markets
(2020)
Breen, Michael; McMenamin, Iain; Courtney, Michael; McNulty, Gemma
Daily judgement: political news and financial markets
(2020)
Breen, Michael; McMenamin, Iain; Courtney, Michael; McNulty, Gemma
Abstract:
Political economists disagree about the extent to which markets monitor politics in advanced economies. Some argue that investors are interested in a handful of macroeconomic indicators, while others say that markets also watch political competition closely. We argue that political competition drives variation in the government bond market more than information about economic policy. Using a new automatic classifier, we code the content of millions of newspaper paragraphs about the UK from 1986 to 2012. We then test the impact of news on government debt. We find that political news is correlated with bond prices and that macroeconomic policy news is not. Our results suggest that the market passes daily judgement on politics, not merely cleaving to seldom-released official statistics or focusing on occasional events like elections.
http://doras.dcu.ie/25486/
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Does corruption ease the burden of regulation? National and subnational evidence
(2017)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Does corruption ease the burden of regulation? National and subnational evidence
(2017)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
Does corruption ease the burden of regulation? We test this question using survey data on business managers’ experience of dealing with regulation and corruption. We find that there is substantial within-country variation in the burden of regulation and that corruption is associated with worse regulatory outcomes across a range of indicators at the country and subnational level. Our results, which hold over a number of specifications, are inconsistent with the hypothesis that corruption greases the wheels of commerce by easing the burden of regulation on the average firm in poor regulatory environments. Rather, our results suggest that corruption increases the burden and imposes large costs on businesses.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22104/
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Essays in developmental economics: The role of information and access to financial services in changing financial and employment behaviour and the resulting impact on household welfare
(2018)
BEDI, TARA
Essays in developmental economics: The role of information and access to financial services in changing financial and employment behaviour and the resulting impact on household welfare
(2018)
BEDI, TARA
Abstract:
This thesis contains three essays that analyse the financial access and information awareness constraints faced by individuals and household in developing countries for managing income uncertainty and income shocks. The underlying theme throughout this thesis is about addressing how people manage these constraints and how this affects their welfare outcomes. Each essay uses micro level data at the individual and household level in different country contexts to analyse constraints to poverty alleviation. Through this analysis, these essays add to the empirical evidence by providing some insight into the potential tools and mechanisms that help households manage income variability and shocks. In chapter 1 of this thesis, a more detailed introduction is provided. Chapter 2 considers the impact of income uncertainty on the types of savings products agriculture dependent individuals in Kenya use. For the analysis, this chapter uses the FinAccess 2016 individual level cross-sectional dat...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82774
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Exogenous political institutions? Constitutional choice in post-independence Francophone sub-Saharan Africa
(2012)
Elgie, Robert
Exogenous political institutions? Constitutional choice in post-independence Francophone sub-Saharan Africa
(2012)
Elgie, Robert
Abstract:
The study of the effects of institutions suffers from a potential endogeneity problem. This article proposes a strategy for addressing this problem by estimating the motivations for institutional choice directly. It identifies the motivations behind the wording of post-independence constitutions in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa. We find that constitutional wording in these countries has been motivated by the strength of ties with France. However, contrary to standard narratives, domestic political preferences have also been influential. By estimating the motivations for institutional choice directly, we are better placed to draw conclusions about the independent effect of institutions in this region.
http://doras.dcu.ie/20742/
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Experts’ perceptions versus firms’ experiences of corruption and foreign direct investment*
(2017)
Gillanders, Robert; Parviainen, Sinikka
Experts’ perceptions versus firms’ experiences of corruption and foreign direct investment*
(2017)
Gillanders, Robert; Parviainen, Sinikka
Abstract:
This paper documents that standard measures of corruption based on the perceptions of experts and opinion surveys and measures based on the experiences of firms can in some cases lead to quite different conclusions as to how much of a problem corruption is in a country. We then show that while perceptions of corruption are significantly associated with the amount of foreign direct investment that a country attracts, the experience on the ground is not. We find some evidence that greenfield investment is significantly associated with the experience of corruption while mergers and acquisitions is driven by perceptions.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22330/
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Housing Movements and Participation in Institutional Spaces
(2019)
Lima Holanda, Valesca
Housing Movements and Participation in Institutional Spaces
(2019)
Lima Holanda, Valesca
Abstract:
When assuming power in 2003, Lula promised the inclusion of civil society and social movements in the policy-making sphere. It was partially addressed through the creation of councils and other actions to protect cultural and women’s rights, for example. However, in Rousseff’s Government, civil society and social movements continued to be excluded from the higher spheres of power and were not properly listened to. They have demonstrated a great interest in participating in and collaborating with the process of formulating public policy, as civil society members have a high attendance on forums and put forward a high number of motions on those topics. However, it is possible to observe a disconnect between the Workers’ Party leadership and its grassroots. Consequently, since 2012–2013, Brazil has entered into a political crisis, as well as an economic one, without precedent in the history of the country, as the population is angered at revelations of widespread corruption, along with...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/10282
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National Integrity System Country Study Ireland
(2009)
BYRNE, ELAINE; DEVITT, JOHN
National Integrity System Country Study Ireland
(2009)
BYRNE, ELAINE; DEVITT, JOHN
Abstract:
The purpose of the National Integrity Study on Ireland is to assess the National Integrity System, in theory (laws and institutions) and practice (how well they work). It provides a benchmark for measuring further developments and a basis for comparison among a range of countries. It studies signal areas requiring priority action and also form the basis from which stakeholders may assess existing anti-corruption initiatives. This study helps explain, for example,which institutions or sectors,otherwise known as `pillars? have been more successful and why, whether they are mutually supportive and what factors support or inhibit their effectiveness. This creates a strong empirical basis that adds to our understanding of strong or weak performers.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61826
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Political trust, corruption, and ratings of the IMF and the world bank
(2015)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Political trust, corruption, and ratings of the IMF and the world bank
(2015)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
There are only a handful of studies that examine public support for the IMF and World Bank. Public opinion data on attitudes to the economy feature prominently in these studies. Utilizing data from the Afrobarometer survey, we find that evaluations of the economy, ideology and a range of socio-demographic factors including age, gender, employment status, health, education, and living conditions are not significantly related to ratings of effectiveness. Rather, we find that political trust and corruption—two very important concepts in the wider literature on individual level attitudes toward international relations and foreign policy issues—are strongly associated with ratings of effectiveness.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22337/
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Politics and Clientelism in Urban Ireland: information, reputation, and brokerage
(2019)
Komito, Lee
Politics and Clientelism in Urban Ireland: information, reputation, and brokerage
(2019)
Komito, Lee
Abstract:
Existing studies of Irish politics presume a clientelist exchange between politician and voter: the politician uses personal influence to obtain state benefits for the constituent, and the constituent provides electoral support in return. This study investigates the accuracy of this assumption by tracing how people actually obtain the state resources they need, and examining the exchanges between voter, politician, and bureaucrat that revolve around public resources. A number of issues are addressed. First, there is little data on how or why clientelism operates in urban Ireland, as most studies have examined only rural communities. Second, despite the clientelist rhetoric, the actual necessity for clientelist exchanges has not been demonstrated. Third, it is unclear which social and economic factors encourage voters to become clients, or what political benefits politicians receive by acting as patrons or brokers. Finally, the thesis investigates why clientelism should in fact exis...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/10265
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Press freedom and corruption perceptions: is there a reputational premium?
(2020)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Press freedom and corruption perceptions: is there a reputational premium?
(2020)
Breen, Michael; Gillanders, Robert
Abstract:
Many studies find a strong association between press freedom and corruption perceptions (Adsera, Boix, & Payne, 2003; Brunetti & Weder, 2003; Freille, Haque, & Kneller, 2007). However, it is possible that this relationship is driven by experts’ belief that limits on press freedom are associated with corruption. This article tests the association between press freedom and corruption perceptions using objective measures of corruption from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys, a series of representative surveys of the owners and top managers of private firms in the manufacturing and service sectors. Our findings suggest that there is a reputational premium associated with press freedom: Holding corruption experiences constant, corruption perceptions are improved by greater press freedom. Moreover, we find that the developed world is best placed to avail of this premium, as it is most evident in countries with low to moderate levels of corruption by global standards.
http://doras.dcu.ie/24398/
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Public investment under ethnic diversity and political uncertainty
(2009)
Bohn, Frank
Public investment under ethnic diversity and political uncertainty
(2009)
Bohn, Frank
Abstract:
This paper addresses the puzzle that public services in some developing countries, especially in Africa, are poor despite large public expenditure. The intertemporal model here studies a government’s optimal choice between redistribution and public investment. Ethnic diversity and political uncertainty reinforce one another in producing myopic government behaviour which results in underinvestment. Above some critical value of political instability, it is optimal for the government not to invest at all.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1288
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