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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 49 on page 1 of 2
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'A Burden on the County': Madness, Institutions of Confinement and the Irish Patient in Victorian Lancashire
(2016)
Cox, Catherine; Marland, Hilary
'A Burden on the County': Madness, Institutions of Confinement and the Irish Patient in Victorian Lancashire
(2016)
Cox, Catherine; Marland, Hilary
Abstract:
This article explores the responses of the Poor Law authorities, asylum superintendents and Lunacy Commissioners to the huge influx of Irish patients into the Lancashire public asylum system, a system facing intense pressure in terms of numbers and costs, in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In particular, it examines the ways in which patients were passed, bartered and exchanged between two sets of institution—workhouses and asylums. In the mid-nineteenth century removal to asylums was advocated for all cases of mental disorder by asylum medical superintendents and the Lunacy Commissioners; by its end, asylum doctors were resisting the attempts of Poor Law officials to 'dump' increasing numbers of chronic cases into their wards. The article situates the Irish patient at the centre of tussles between those with a stake in lunacy provision as a group recognised as numerous, disruptive and isolated.
Wellcome Trust
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7819
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'inappropriate' attenders at accident and emergency departments ii: health service responses
(2018)
Murphy, A.
'inappropriate' attenders at accident and emergency departments ii: health service responses
(2018)
Murphy, A.
Abstract:
Background. Health services have responded to perceived 'inappropriate' attenders at accident and emergency (A&E) departments in three ways. Firstly, they have responded by attempting to decrease the numbers of patients attending A&E departments. There is little evidence supporting the efficacy of such policies. Secondly, they have responded by referring inappropriate attenders to another site. Research indicates that whilst such referral may be feasible, resultant decreases in departmental workloads have yet to be demonstrated. Patient outcome has also to be determined. Thirdly, by performing triage of attenders they provide care appropriate to their needs. Sessional GPs working in A&E departments manage non-emergency A&E attenders safely and use fewer resources than do usual A&E staff. Long-term effects on health-seeking behaviour and patient perception of the distinction between primary care services have yet to be determined. Conclusions. Rather tha...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9604
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Adhesives for bonded molar tubes during fixed brace treatment
(2017)
Millett, Declan T.; Mandall, Nicky A.; Mattick, Rye C. R.; Hickman, Joy; Glenny, Anne-M...
Adhesives for bonded molar tubes during fixed brace treatment
(2017)
Millett, Declan T.; Mandall, Nicky A.; Mattick, Rye C. R.; Hickman, Joy; Glenny, Anne-Marie
Abstract:
Background: Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. The success of a fixed appliance depends partly on the metal attachments (brackets and bands) being glued to the teeth so that they do not become detached during treatment. Brackets (metal squares) are usually attached to teeth other than molars, where bands (metal rings that go round each tooth) are more commonly used. Orthodontic tubes (stainless steel tubes that allow wires to pass through them), are typically welded to bands but they may also be glued directly (bonded) to molars. Failure of brackets, bands and bonded molar tubes slows down the progress of treatment with a fixed appliance. It can also be costly in terms of clinical time, materials and time lost from education/work for the patient. This is an update of the Cochrane review first published in 2011. A new full search was conducted on 15 February 2017 but no new studies were identified. We ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6095
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Anti-microbial coating innovations to prevent infectious diseases (AMiCI): cost action ca15114
(2017)
Dunne, Colum P.; Keinänen-Toivola, Minna M.; Kahru, Anne; Teunissen, Birgit; Olmez, Hul...
Anti-microbial coating innovations to prevent infectious diseases (AMiCI): cost action ca15114
(2017)
Dunne, Colum P.; Keinänen-Toivola, Minna M.; Kahru, Anne; Teunissen, Birgit; Olmez, Hulya; Gouveia, Isabel; Melo, Luis; Murzyn, Kazimierz; Modic, Martina; Ahonen, Merja; Askew, Pete; Papadopoulos, Theofilos; Adlhart, Christian; Crijns, Francy R.L.
Abstract:
Worldwide, millions of patients are affected annually by healthcare-associated infection (HCAI), impacting up to 80,000 patients in European Hospitals on any given day. This represents not only public health risk, but also an economic burden. Complementing routine hand hygiene practices, cleaning and disinfection, antimicrobial coatings hold promise based, in essence, on the application of materials and chemicals with persistent bactericidal or static properties onto surfaces or in textiles used in healthcare environments. The focus of considerable commercial investment and academic research energies, such antimicrobial coating-based approaches are widely believed to have potential in reduction of microbial numbers on surfaces in clinical settings. This belief exists despite definitive evidence as to their efficacy and is based somewhat on positive studies involving, for example, copper, silver or gold ions, titanium or organosilane, albeit under laboratory conditions. The literatur...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/6535
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Antimicrobial catheters for reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infection in adults requiring short-term catheterisation in hospital: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
(2018)
Pickard, Robert; Lam, Thomas; MacLennan, Graeme; Starr, Kath; Kilonzo, Mary; McPherson,...
Antimicrobial catheters for reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infection in adults requiring short-term catheterisation in hospital: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
(2018)
Pickard, Robert; Lam, Thomas; MacLennan, Graeme; Starr, Kath; Kilonzo, Mary; McPherson, Gladys; Gillies, Katie; McDonald, Alison; Walton, Katherine; Buckley, Brian; Glazener, Cathryn; Boachie, Charles; Burr, Jennifer; Norrie, John; Vale, Luke; Grant, Adrian; N'Dow, James
Abstract:
Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a major preventable cause of harm for patients in hospital. We aimed to establish whether short-term routine use of antimicrobial catheters reduced risk of CAUTI compared with standard polytetrafl uoroethylene (PTFE) catheterisation. Methods In our parallel, three group, multicentre, randomised controlled superiority trial, we enrolled adults (aged >= 16 years) requiring short-term (<= 14 days) catheterisation at 24 hospitals in the UK. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1:1 with a remote computer allocation to receive a silver alloy-coated catheter, a nitrofural-impregnated catheter, or a PTFE-coated catheter (control group). Patients undergoing unplanned catheterisation were also included and consent for participation was obtained retrospectively. Participants and trial staff were unmasked to treatment assignment. Data were collected by trial staff and by patient-reported questionnaires for...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13469
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Automated 3d-printed unibody immunoarray for chemiluminescence detection of cancer biomarker proteins
(2018)
Tang, C. K.; Vaze, A.; Rusling, J. F.
Automated 3d-printed unibody immunoarray for chemiluminescence detection of cancer biomarker proteins
(2018)
Tang, C. K.; Vaze, A.; Rusling, J. F.
Abstract:
A low cost three-dimensional (3D) printed clear plastic microfluidic device was fabricated for fast, low cost automated protein detection. The unibody device features three reagent reservoirs, an efficient 3D network for passive mixing, and an optically transparent detection chamber housing a glass capture antibody array for measuring chemiluminescence output with a CCD camera. Sandwich type assays were built onto the glass arrays using a multi-labeled detection antibody-polyHRP (HRP = horseradish peroxidase). Total assay time was similar to 30 min in a complete automated assay employing a programmable syringe pump so that the protocol required minimal operator intervention. The device was used for multiplexed detection of prostate cancer biomarker proteins prostate specific antigen (PSA) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4). Detection limits of 0.5 pg mL(-1) were achieved for these proteins in diluted serum with log dynamic ranges of four orders of magnitude. Good accuracy vs. ELISA was va...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14116
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Cocktails for Pleasure and Profit
(2008)
Murphy, James Peter
Cocktails for Pleasure and Profit
(2008)
Murphy, James Peter
Abstract:
Bar owners regularly offer cocktails as a component of their overall services, unfortunately some establishments have a poor strategy, lack a proper vision and cost these cocktails incorrectly which leads to their eventual withdrawal from the drinks offering.
https://arrow.dit.ie/tfschafart/76
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Comparative economic analysis of full scale MABR configurations
(2013)
Casey, Eoin; Syron, Eoin; Shanahan, John W.; Semmens, Michael J.
Comparative economic analysis of full scale MABR configurations
(2013)
Casey, Eoin; Syron, Eoin; Shanahan, John W.; Semmens, Michael J.
Abstract:
2008 IWA North American Membrane Research Conference, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, August 10-13, 2008
The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a technology that can deliver oxygen at high rates and transfer efficiencies. This paper provides a comparative cost analysis of the MABR compared to the activated sludge process. Membrane cost and electricity cost were found to be the critical parameters determining the relative feasibility of the conventional process to the membrane based process. The general downward trend in the market price of membranes and the steady increase in energy costs in recent years may prove to be a strong driver for the further development of this technology.
Author has checked copyright
Conference website http://www.ecs.umass.edu/membrane/ - OR 02/04/2013
SB. 17/4/2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/4263
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Comparative Pricing Analysis of Mecca’s Religious Tourism
(2017)
Ladki, Said M; Mazeh, Rayan A
Comparative Pricing Analysis of Mecca’s Religious Tourism
(2017)
Ladki, Said M; Mazeh, Rayan A
Abstract:
This study compares the costing practices of three religious tourists groups. Specifically, the study compares the costs of Islamic religious tourism to Mecca among three groups: 1) Indonesia and India, 2) Lebanon and Tunisia, 3) Dubai and Qatar. The selection of the three groups was based on the following principle: Group 1: Represents the most populated and less affluent Islamic countries. Group 2: Represents the less affluent Arab States with moderate income Group 3: Represents the richest Arab Islamic countries in the world. Results indicate that countries with wealthy economies charge much higher prices for Hajj packages than those with moderate economies. However, the overall Hajj revenue is the highest ($940 millions) in the most populated Islamic countries (Indonesia). But for wealthy economies (Dubai) even though it’s ranked as the fifth in the number of pilgrims, its revenues ($220,433,572) are high enough to be in the third place. Operators’ pricing schemes fall into thre...
https://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/vol5/iss1/4
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Cost-outcome description of clinical pharmacist interventions in a university teaching hospital
(2014)
Gallagher, James; Byrne, Stephen; Woods, Noel; Lynch, Deirdre; McCarthy, Suzanne
Cost-outcome description of clinical pharmacist interventions in a university teaching hospital
(2014)
Gallagher, James; Byrne, Stephen; Woods, Noel; Lynch, Deirdre; McCarthy, Suzanne
Abstract:
Pharmacist interventions are one of the pivotal parts of a clinic al pharmacy service within a hospital. This study estimates the cost avoidance generated by pha rmacist interventions due to the prevention of adverse drug events (ADE). The types of interventi ons identified are also analysed
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/316226
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Does eliminating fees at point of access affect Irish general practice attendance rates in the under 6 years old population? A cross sectional study at six general practices
(2014)
Behan, W; Molony, D; Beame, C; Cullen, W
Does eliminating fees at point of access affect Irish general practice attendance rates in the under 6 years old population? A cross sectional study at six general practices
(2014)
Behan, W; Molony, D; Beame, C; Cullen, W
Abstract:
With the introduction of free point of access GP care for children aged under 6 imminent, we sought to determine consultation rates among this group. We interrogated data from practice management systems at six general practices (total patient population 27080). A total of 1931 children aged under six were responsible for 5814 surgery consultations. The mean annual consultation rate was 3.01; 4.91 for GMS’ patients, 5.07 for â Doctor Visit’ patients and 2.03 for private patients. Our findings suggest the introduction of free GP care for children under six will considerably increase GP consultations. We also highlight the value of routinely collected general practice data in facilitating health services planning. We estimate that there will be an additional 750,000 GP consultations annually.
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/316354
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Economic assessment of waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis
(2018)
Chyzheuskaya, Aksana; Cormican, Martin; Srivinas, Raghavendra; O’Donovan, Diarmuid; Pre...
Economic assessment of waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis
(2018)
Chyzheuskaya, Aksana; Cormican, Martin; Srivinas, Raghavendra; O’Donovan, Diarmuid; Prendergast, Martina; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Morris, Dearbháile
Abstract:
In 2007, a waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection occurred in western Ireland, resulting in 242 laboratory-confirmed cases and an uncertain number of unconfirmed cases. A boil water notice was in place for 158 days that affected 120,432 persons residing in the area, businesses, visitors, and commuters. This outbreak represented the largest outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Ireland. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of this outbreak. We adopted a societal perspective in estimating costs associated with the outbreak. Economic cost estimated was based on totaling direct and indirect costs incurred by public and private agencies. The cost of the outbreak was estimated based on 2007 figures. We estimate that the cost of the outbreak was approximate to(sic)19 million (approximate to(sic)120,000/day of the outbreak). The US dollar equivalent based on today's exchange rates would be $22.44 million (approximate to$142,000/day of the outbreak). This stud...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10784
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Economic impact of cancer in Ireland
(2011)
Economic impact of cancer in Ireland
(2011)
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/188302
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Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based rehabilitation programme (progressive goal attainment program) for patients who are work-disabled due to back pain: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
(2018)
Raftery, Miriam N; Murphy, Andrew W; O’Shea, Eamon; Newell, John; McGuire, Brian E
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based rehabilitation programme (progressive goal attainment program) for patients who are work-disabled due to back pain: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
(2018)
Raftery, Miriam N; Murphy, Andrew W; O’Shea, Eamon; Newell, John; McGuire, Brian E
Abstract:
Background: Psychologically informed rehabilitation programmes such as the Progressive Goal Attainment Program (PGAP) have the potential to address pain-related disability by targeting known psychological factors that inhibit rehabilitation progress. However, no randomised controlled trials of this intervention exist and it has not been evaluated in the Irish health service context. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the PGAP in a multicentre randomised controlled trial with patients who are work-disabled due to back pain. Methods and design: Adult patients (ages 18 years and older) with nonmalignant back pain who are work-disabled because of chronic pain and not involved in litigation in relation to their pain were invited to take part. Patients were those who show at least one elevated psychosocial risk factor (above the 50th percentile) on pain disability, fear-based activity avoidance, fatigue, depression or pain catastrophizing. Follow...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13561
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Emergency surgery pre-operative delays – realities and economic impacts
(2018)
O'Leary, D.P.; Beecher, S.; McLaughlin, R.
Emergency surgery pre-operative delays – realities and economic impacts
(2018)
O'Leary, D.P.; Beecher, S.; McLaughlin, R.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13279
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Estimating the health-care usage associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in an older adult population in ireland
(2018)
Doherty, E.; O'Neill, C.
Estimating the health-care usage associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in an older adult population in ireland
(2018)
Doherty, E.; O'Neill, C.
Abstract:
An ageing population leads to increasing prevalence of age-related chronic conditions that present challenges to the health-care services. Despite this, in countries including Ireland, little is known about the health-care impact of conditions such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis amongst older adults. A series of count models are developed to investigate the incremental health-care usage of individuals with either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis on the use of general practitioners (GP) services, outpatients' services, accident and emergency visits and inpatient nights. Both types of arthritic conditions lead to increased usage of GP and outpatients' services but not other hospital services. Differences in entitlements to care, as captured by the presence of a medical card in Ireland, lead to different health-care usage among arthritis sufferers. Translating the additional utilization into cost suggests a combined incremental annual cost of both types of ar...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11213
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Evaluating the structural capacity of concrete elements through in-situ instrumentation
(2013)
Byrne, David; Goggins, Jamie
Evaluating the structural capacity of concrete elements through in-situ instrumentation
(2013)
Byrne, David; Goggins, Jamie
Abstract:
The difficulty in predicting the long term load capacity of concrete elements is well documented. Time dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage coupled with varying loading events, particularly during construction, can all have an adverse effect on the long term performance of a concrete structure. This paper proposes a method that utilises in-situ instrumentation to predict the load carrying capacity of concrete members. During the construction of the Engineering building at the National University of Ireland, Galway over 260 sensors were embedded in a number of key concrete elements. The sensors are being continually monitored with the use of automatic datalogging equipment and the data is being used to monitor changes in geometric and material properties along with the subsequent time dependent deterioration of the elements. The paper will illustrate how the in-situ data from the demonstrator building can be used to estimate the real time behaviour of the concrete elements a...
http://www.ttp.net/978-3-03785-796-0.html
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General Medical Services (Payments) Board report for the year ended 31st December 1996
(1996)
Department of Health (DoH) General Medical Services Payments Board.
General Medical Services (Payments) Board report for the year ended 31st December 1996
(1996)
Department of Health (DoH) General Medical Services Payments Board.
Abstract:
The Report of the General Medical Services (Payments) Board for I996, describes, at a high level the take-up rates of the various services, the range of services being provided free of charge to end users, except in the case of the Drug Cost Subsidisation Scheme where there is co-payment. The Report also provides an analysis of the amounts of fee income and allowances which are generated through the services provided hy Doctors, Dentists and Community Pharmacies under their agreements with Health Boards. The total of payments in the year under review was in excess of £333 million - an increase of £29.2 million on the level of payment in the previous year. This increase in payments is accounted for, in the main, by the increased levels of activity under all of the various schemes, Improvements nor alone to the range of available services but in many instances also arrangements for the organisation and the provision of services has been reviewed and enhanced for rhe convenience and/o...
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/338981
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Greener Homes: An Ex-Post Estimate of the Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction using Administrative Micro-Data from the Republic of Ireland
(2011)
LEAHY, EIMEAR; TOL, RICHARD S. J.
Greener Homes: An Ex-Post Estimate of the Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction using Administrative Micro-Data from the Republic of Ireland
(2011)
LEAHY, EIMEAR; TOL, RICHARD S. J.
Abstract:
We assess the subsidy for the installation of biomass boilers and wood gasification boilers under the Greener Homes Scheme in Ireland. We find that the (implicit) subsidy per tonne of carbon dioxide avoided varies hugely across households. The current policy costs 17% too much for the emissions avoided, or avoids 17% too few emissions for the money spent. The subsidy reduces welfare (including environmental benefits) by 42%.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/56171
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Improving medication management in multimorbidity: development of the MultimorbiditY COllaborative Medication Review And DEcision Making (MY COMRADE) intervention using the Behaviour Change Wheel
(2016)
Sinnott, Carol; Mercer, Stewart W.; Payne, Rupert A.; Duerden, Martin; Bradley, Colin P...
Improving medication management in multimorbidity: development of the MultimorbiditY COllaborative Medication Review And DEcision Making (MY COMRADE) intervention using the Behaviour Change Wheel
(2016)
Sinnott, Carol; Mercer, Stewart W.; Payne, Rupert A.; Duerden, Martin; Bradley, Colin P.; Byrne, Molly
Abstract:
Background: Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic conditions, affects over 60 % of patients in primary care. Due to its association with polypharmacy, the development of interventions to optimise medication management in patients with multimorbidity is a priority. The Behaviour Change Wheel is a new approach for applying behavioural theory to intervention development. Here, we describe how we have used results from a review of previous research, original research of our own and the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention to improve medication management in multimorbidity by general practitioners (GPs), within the overarching UK Medical Research Council guidance on complex interventions.Methods: Following the steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel, we sought behaviours associated with medication management in multimorbidity by conducting a systematic review and qualitative study with GPs. From the modifiable GP behaviours identified, we selected one and conducted...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/5851
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Improving medication management in multimorbidity: development of the multimorbidity collaborative medication review and decision making (my comrade) intervention using the behaviour change wheel
(2018)
Sinnott, Carol; Mercer, Stewart W.; Payne, Rupert A.; Duerden, Martin; Bradley, Colin P...
Improving medication management in multimorbidity: development of the multimorbidity collaborative medication review and decision making (my comrade) intervention using the behaviour change wheel
(2018)
Sinnott, Carol; Mercer, Stewart W.; Payne, Rupert A.; Duerden, Martin; Bradley, Colin P.; Byrne, Molly
Abstract:
Background: Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic conditions, affects over 60 % of patients in primary care. Due to its association with polypharmacy, the development of interventions to optimise medication management in patients with multimorbidity is a priority. The Behaviour Change Wheel is a new approach for applying behavioural theory to intervention development. Here, we describe how we have used results from a review of previous research, original research of our own and the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention to improve medication management in multimorbidity by general practitioners (GPs), within the overarching UK Medical Research Council guidance on complex interventions. Methods: Following the steps of the Behaviour Change Wheel, we sought behaviours associated with medication management in multimorbidity by conducting a systematic review and qualitative study with GPs. From the modifiable GP behaviours identified, we selected one and conducte...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13933
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Irish healthcare technology assessment guidelines
(1999)
National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics in Ireland
Irish healthcare technology assessment guidelines
(1999)
National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics in Ireland
Abstract:
The purpose of the pharmacoeconomic guidelines is to provide the Department of Health, the GMS payments board, and prescribers, with information on the cost effectiveness of a health care technology'. This process will take place in the context defined by the agreement between the Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare Association and the Department of Health.
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/335893
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Is 50 cent the price of the optimal copayment? - a qualitative study of patient opinions and attitudes in response to a 50 cent charge on prescription drugs in a publicly funded health system in Ireland
(2013)
Sinnott, Sarah-Jo; Guinane, Marie; Whelton, Helen; Byrne, Stephen
Is 50 cent the price of the optimal copayment? - a qualitative study of patient opinions and attitudes in response to a 50 cent charge on prescription drugs in a publicly funded health system in Ireland
(2013)
Sinnott, Sarah-Jo; Guinane, Marie; Whelton, Helen; Byrne, Stephen
Abstract:
Background: A 50 cent prescription levy was introduced in 2010 on the General Medical Services (GMS) scheme (Irish public health insurance). This study sought to examine patient attitudes and opinions surrounding the 50 cent copayment. Given the small momentary value of the prescription fee, these results are of interest to policymakers internationally who wish to reduce copayments rather than abolish them. Methods: A qualitative research design was used; semi structured interviews were carried out. Twenty four GMS eligible participants were interviewed in 23 interviews. Fifteen females and 9 males took part. Ages varied from 31- >70 years. Patients were invited to be interviewed in both independent and chain community pharmacies in three types of setting; 1) a socially deprived urban area, 2) a suburban affluent area and 3) a rural area. The Framework method was used for data management and analysis using QSR International’s NVivo 9.2 qualitative data analysis software. The “Fra...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2398
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Machinery costs on tillage farms and the development of decision support systems for machinery investments/use on farms.
(2017)
Forristal, P.D.
Machinery costs on tillage farms and the development of decision support systems for machinery investments/use on farms.
(2017)
Forristal, P.D.
Abstract:
End of Project Report
Costs and benefits associated with the use of farm machinery are difficult to calculate. A research programme was established to highlight the area of machinery costs and to provide information on which to base mechanisation decisions. A machinery cost survey was the central part of the programme which collected detailed machinery cost information from 40 arable farms over a period of three years. Costing methods were developed to provide an annual per-hectare cost for each machine over its ownership period. An average annual machinery cost figure of £194/ha, excluding labour, was recorded. Costs varied from £93/ha to £340/ha between farms. Depreciation and interest accounted for almost 60% of the total costs figure. Larger farms (>160 ha) had lower costs and less cost variation than smaller- and medium-sized farms. They were more machinery efficient, with lower levels of machinery investment per hectare. Smaller- and medium-sized farms had much greater ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1442
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Managing the Price Factor
(2007)
Murphy, James Peter
Managing the Price Factor
(2007)
Murphy, James Peter
Abstract:
Pub goers are regularly advised to shop around for the best price for drinks and retail goods, customers will always take advantage of better value. This emotive issue for customers can be badly handled, bar owners must question the strategic value of the prices they set and their likely outcome.
https://arrow.dit.ie/tfschafart/64
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