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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 157 on page 1 of 7
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A chromatin-independent role of Polycomb-like 1 to stabilize p53 and promote cellular quiescence.
(2015)
MC LYSAGHT, AOIFE; BRACKEN, ADRIAN; HEALY, EVAN
A chromatin-independent role of Polycomb-like 1 to stabilize p53 and promote cellular quiescence.
(2015)
MC LYSAGHT, AOIFE; BRACKEN, ADRIAN; HEALY, EVAN
Abstract:
Polycomb-like proteins 1-3 (PCL1-3) are substoichiometric components of the Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that are essential for association of the complex with chromatin. However, it remains unclear why three proteins with such apparent functional redundancy exist in mammals. Here we characterize their divergent roles in both positively and negatively regulating cellular proliferation. We show that while PCL2 and PCL3 are E2F-regulated genes expressed in proliferating cells, PCL1 is a p53 target gene predominantly expressed in quiescent cells. Ectopic expression of any PCL protein recruits PRC2 to repress the INK4A gene; however, only PCL2 and PCL3 confer an INK4A-dependent proliferative advantage. Remarkably, PCL1 has evolved a PRC2- and chromatin-independent function to negatively regulate proliferation. We show that PCL1 binds to and stabilizes p53 to induce cellular quiescence. Moreover, depletion of PCL1 phenocopies the defects in maintaining cellular quiescence associa...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/76636
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A double segment periodicity underlies segment generation in centipede development
(2018)
Chipman, Ariel D; Arthur, Wallace; Akam, Michael
A double segment periodicity underlies segment generation in centipede development
(2018)
Chipman, Ariel D; Arthur, Wallace; Akam, Michael
Abstract:
The number of leg-bearing segments in centipedes varies extensively, between 15 and 191, and yet it is always odd [1, 2]. This suggests that segment generation in centipedes involves a stage with double segment periodicity and that evolutionary variation in segment number reflects the generation of these double segmental units. However, previous studies have revealed no trace of this [3-5]. Here we report the expression of two genes, an odd-skipped related gene (odr1) and a caudal homolog, that serve as markers for early steps of segment formation in the geophilomorph centipede, Strigamia maritima. Dynamic expression of odr1 around the proctodaeum resolves into a series of concentric rings, revealing a pattern of double segment periodicity in overtly unsegmented tissue. Initially, the expression of the caudal homolog mirrors this double segment periodicity, but shortly before engrailed expression and overt segmentation, the intercalation of additional stripes generates a repeat with...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/8965
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A framework for analysing the evolution of the IS field - can IS become a stable discipline?
(1996)
Fitzgerald, Brian; Adam, Frédéric
A framework for analysing the evolution of the IS field - can IS become a stable discipline?
(1996)
Fitzgerald, Brian; Adam, Frédéric
Abstract:
There is much concern among IS researchers due to the failure to establish adequate conceptual and theoretical foundations, and also the lack of clear definitions of concepts and terminology in the IS field. This paper considers why this is the case, and puts forward a framework which has been developed to analyse the emergence of the IS field, its relationship with associated disciplines, and the problems it currently faces. These problems are of a fundamental nature and include the field's identity crisis and epistemological problems; the failure to erect barriers to entry; the reference discipline problem; and the trend towards increased divergence rather than harmony and convergence in the field. Urgent research is needed to lay the foundation of a model for progress in the IS field which will support the evolution of the field towards control and harmony. This need is now stronger than ever at a time when the status of IS comes under attack in academic circles and the fiel...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2644
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A linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish
(2018)
Gharbi, K.
A linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish
(2018)
Gharbi, K.
Abstract:
We report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family Salmonidae, including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. Additionally, we used gene-centromere analysis to approximate the position of the centromere for 20 linkage groups and thus relate linkage arrangements to the physical morphology of chromosomes. Sex-specific maps derived from Multiple parents were estimated to cover 346.4 and 912.5 cM of the male and female genomes, respectively. As previously observed in other salmonids, recombination rates showed large sex differences (average female-to-male ratio was 6.4), with male crossovers generally localized toward the distal end of linkage...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9210
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A multi-scale crystal plasticity model for cyclic plasticity and low-cycle fatigue in a precipitate-strengthened steel at elevated temperature
(2019)
Li, Dong-Feng; Barrett, Richard A.; O'Donoghue, Padraic E.; O'Dowd, Noel P....
A multi-scale crystal plasticity model for cyclic plasticity and low-cycle fatigue in a precipitate-strengthened steel at elevated temperature
(2019)
Li, Dong-Feng; Barrett, Richard A.; O'Donoghue, Padraic E.; O'Dowd, Noel P.; Leen, Sean B.
Abstract:
In this paper, a multi-scale crystal plasticity model is presented for cyclic plasticity and low-cycle fatigue in a tempered martensite ferritic steel at elevated temperature. The model explicitly represents the geometry of grains, sub-grains and precipitates in the material, with strain gradient effects and kinematic hardening included in the crystal plasticity formulation. With the multiscale model, the cyclic behaviour at the sub-grain level is predicted with the effect of lath and precipitate sizes examined. A crystallographic, accumulated slip (strain) parameter, modulated by triaxiality, is implemented at the micro scale, to predict crack initiation in precipitate-strengthened laths. The predicted numbers of cycles to crack initiation agree well with experimental data. A strong dependence on the precipitate size is demonstrated, indicating a detrimental effect of coarsening of precipitates on fatigue at elevated temperature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15642
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A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding
(2016)
Vartia, Salla; Villanueva-Cañas, José L.; Finarelli, John; Farrell, Edward D.; Collins,...
A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding
(2016)
Vartia, Salla; Villanueva-Cañas, José L.; Finarelli, John; Farrell, Edward D.; Collins, Patrick C.; Hughes, Graham M.; Carlsson, Jeanette E. L.; Gauthier, David T.; McGinnity, Philip; Cross, Thomas F.; Fitzgerald, Richard D.; Mirimin, Luca; Crispie, Fiona; Cotter, Paul D.; Carlsson, Jens
Abstract:
This study examines the potential of next-generation sequencing based 'genotyping-by-sequencing' (GBS) of microsatellite loci for rapid and cost-effective genotyping in large-scale population genetic studies. The recovery of individual genotypes from large sequence pools was achieved by PCR-incorporated combinatorial barcoding using universal primers. Three experimental conditions were employed to explore the possibility of using this approach with existing and novel multiplex marker panels and weighted amplicon mixture. The GBS approach was validated against microsatellite data generated by capillary electrophoresis. GBS allows access to the underlying nucleotide sequences that can reveal homoplasy, even in large datasets and facilitates cross laboratory transfer. GBS of microsatellites, using individual combinatorial barcoding, is potentially faster and cheaper than current microsatellite approaches and offers better and more data.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5701
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A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding
(2018)
Vartia, Salla; Villanueva-Cañas, José L.; Finarelli, John; Farrell, Edward D.; Collins,...
A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding
(2018)
Vartia, Salla; Villanueva-Cañas, José L.; Finarelli, John; Farrell, Edward D.; Collins, Patrick C.; Hughes, Graham M.; Carlsson, Jeanette E. L.; Gauthier, David T.; McGinnity, Philip; Cross, Thomas F.; FitzGerald, Richard D.; Mirimin, Luca; Crispie, Fiona; Cotter, Paul D.; Carlsson, Jens
Abstract:
This study examines the potential of next-generation sequencing based 'genotyping-by-sequencing' (GBS) of microsatellite loci for rapid and cost-effective genotyping in large-scale population genetic studies. The recovery of individual genotypes from large sequence pools was achieved by PCR-incorporated combinatorial barcoding using universal primers. Three experimental conditions were employed to explore the possibility of using this approach with existing and novel multiplex marker panels and weighted amplicon mixture. The GBS approach was validated against microsatellite data generated by capillary electrophoresis. GBS allows access to the underlying nucleotide sequences that can reveal homoplasy, even in large datasets and facilitates cross laboratory transfer. GBS of microsatellites, using individual combinatorial barcoding, is potentially faster and cheaper than current microsatellite approaches and offers better and more data.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14279
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A physically-based high temperature yield strength model for 9Cr steels
(2019)
Barrett, Richard A.; O'Donoghue, Padraic E.; Leen, Sean B.
A physically-based high temperature yield strength model for 9Cr steels
(2019)
Barrett, Richard A.; O'Donoghue, Padraic E.; Leen, Sean B.
Abstract:
The strength of 9Cr steels, which is controlled by chemical composition and microstructure, evolves significantly under high temperature loading. This paper presents a temperature-independent, physically-based model for evolving yield strength, including the interdependent effects of dislocations, solutes, precipitates and grain boundaries. The key roles of solute and precipitate strengthening in 9Cr steels are successfully demonstrated. The measured significant beneficial effect of up to 3 wt% tungsten on solute strengthening, and hence, yield strength are successfully predicted. The new model demonstrates that the reported strength reduction in 9Cr-3W alloys under thermal aging can be primarily attributed to Laves phase formation and associated depletion of tungsten solutes, consistent with microstructural observations.
This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland under Grant no. SFI/14/IA/2604. The authors woul...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15638
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A review of the Rotokawa Geothermal Field, New Zealand
(2017)
McNamara, David Daniel; Sewell, Steven; Buscarlet, Etienne; Wallis, Irene C.
A review of the Rotokawa Geothermal Field, New Zealand
(2017)
McNamara, David Daniel; Sewell, Steven; Buscarlet, Etienne; Wallis, Irene C.
Abstract:
The Rotokawa Geothermal Field of New Zealand has seen significant development over the last 20 years and has been the study site for new and innovative geological and geothermal research. This includes the one of the first direct data acquisition and characterisation of subsurface structure and stress properties via borehole image logs, a robust study of the magneto-telluric and micro-seismicity of the field, and the establishment of a comprehensive mode of the field's variable fluid chemistry. This paper reviews published material on the geology, geophysics, and fluid chemistry of this field, as well as summarises the development history and sustainability of this nationally important energy resource. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6725
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A self-fertile species of Steinernema from Indonesia: further evidence of convergent evolution amongst entomopathogenic nematodes?
(2001)
Griffin, Christine; O'Callaghan, K.M.; Dix, I.
A self-fertile species of Steinernema from Indonesia: further evidence of convergent evolution amongst entomopathogenic nematodes?
(2001)
Griffin, Christine; O'Callaghan, K.M.; Dix, I.
Abstract:
More than 20 species of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema have been described; to date, all reproduce exclusively by cross-fertilization of male and female individuals. Steinernema sp. strain T87 from Indonesia was found to consist largely of self-fertile hermaphrodites. Progeny were produced by morphological females both in insects (Galleria mellonella) and in hanging drops of insect haemolymph inoculated with a single infective juvenile. Sperm were present in the oviduct of unmated morphological females. Approximately 1% of infective juveniles developed into males, and males were also present in the second generation where they constituted 1–6% of the population. Under the same conditions the related species Steinernema longicaudum strain CB2B displayed typical steinernematid reproduction: crossfertilization and a 1:1 sex ratio. It is argued that the development of hermaphroditism in Steinernema sp. T87 represents convergent evolution with Heterorhabditis, the other major ...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/7545/
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A strong limit on the very-high-energy emission from grb 150323a
(2018)
Abeysekara, A. U.; Archer, A.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Bugaev,...
A strong limit on the very-high-energy emission from grb 150323a
(2018)
Abeysekara, A. U.; Archer, A.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Bugaev, V.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Flinders, A.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Hütten, M.; Hanna, D.; Hervet, O.
Abstract:
On 2015 March 23, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) responded to a Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 s after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 s after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40-minute integration corresponds to about 1% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant because the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only similar to 2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB 150323A (z = 0.593) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to similar to 50% at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrin...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10077
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Advances in precision medicine: tailoring individualized therapies
(2018)
Matchett, Kyle; Lynam-Lennon, Niamh; Watson, R.; Brown, James
Advances in precision medicine: tailoring individualized therapies
(2018)
Matchett, Kyle; Lynam-Lennon, Niamh; Watson, R.; Brown, James
Abstract:
The traditional bench-to-bedside pipeline involves using model systems and patient samples to provide insights into pathways deregulated in cancer. This discovery reveals new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, ultimately stratifying patients and informing cohort-based treatment options. Precision medicine (molecular profiling of individual tumors combined with established clinical-pathological parameters) reveals, in real-time, individual patient's diagnostic and prognostic risk profile, informing tailored and tumor-specific treatment plans. Here we discuss advances in precision medicine presented at the Irish Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, highlighting examples where personalized medicine approaches have led to precision discovery in individual tumors, informing customized treatment programs.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12682
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An evolution of learner grammar: Insights from the English Grammar Profile
(2016)
O'Keeffe, Anne; Mark, Geraldine
An evolution of learner grammar: Insights from the English Grammar Profile
(2016)
O'Keeffe, Anne; Mark, Geraldine
Abstract:
An evolution of learner grammar: Insights from the English Grammar Profile.
http://hdl.handle.net/10395/2802
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An investigation into family business evolution
(2020)
KILLION, SIOBHAN GENEVIEVE
An investigation into family business evolution
(2020)
KILLION, SIOBHAN GENEVIEVE
Abstract:
Family Businesses are the backbone of Irish SME's. It is important for scholars to understand why some firms can transfer across generations and others do not. Is it by choice or by design? This study develops two longitudinal case studies of two 3rd generation Irish family firms and looks at the strategies employed by them to reach their 3rd generation.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/92271
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
(2019)
Bradley, Daniel; Frantz, Laurent A.F.; Haile, James; Lin, Audrey T.; Scheu, Amelie; Ge?...
Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
(2019)
Bradley, Daniel; Frantz, Laurent A.F.; Haile, James; Lin, Audrey T.; Scheu, Amelie; Ge?rg, Christina; Benecke, Norbert; Alexander, Michelle; Linderholm, Anna; Mullin, Victoria E.; Daly, Kevin G.; Battista, Vincent M.; Price, Max; Gron, Kurt J.; Alexandri, Panoraia; Arbogast, Rose-Marie; Arbuckle, Benjamin; Balasescu, Adrian; Barnett, Ross; Bartosiewicz, L?szl?
Abstract:
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ?10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ?8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91334
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Animal life history is shaped by the pace of life and the distribution of age-specific mortality and reproduction
(2020)
Healy, Kevin; Ezard, Thomas H. G.; Jones, Owen R.; Salguero-Gómez, Roberto; Buckley, Yv...
Animal life history is shaped by the pace of life and the distribution of age-specific mortality and reproduction
(2020)
Healy, Kevin; Ezard, Thomas H. G.; Jones, Owen R.; Salguero-Gómez, Roberto; Buckley, Yvonne M.
Abstract:
Animals exhibit an extraordinary diversity of life history strategies. These realized combinations of survival, development and reproduction are predicted to be constrained by physiological limitations and by trade-offs in resource allocation. However, our understanding of these patterns is restricted to a few taxonomic groups. Using demographic data from 121 species, ranging from humans to sponges, we test whether such trade-offs universally shape animal life history strategies. We show that, after accounting for body mass and phylogenetic relatedness, 71% of the variation in animal life history strategies can be explained by life history traits associated with the fast-slow continuum (pace of life) and with a second axis defined by the distribution of age-specific mortality hazards and the spread of reproduction. While we found that life history strategies are associated with metabolic rate and ecological modes of life, surprisingly similar life history strategies can be found acr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15710
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Atypical Listeria innocua strains possess an intact LIPI-3
(2014)
Clayton, Evelyn M.; Daly, Karen M.; Guinane, Caitriona M.; Hill, Colin; Cotter, Paul D....
Atypical Listeria innocua strains possess an intact LIPI-3
(2014)
Clayton, Evelyn M.; Daly, Karen M.; Guinane, Caitriona M.; Hill, Colin; Cotter, Paul D.; Ross, R. Paul
Abstract:
Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen which is the causative agent of listeriosis and can be divided into three evolutionary lineages I, II and III. While all strains possess the well established virulence factors associated with the Listeria pathogenicity island I (LIPI-1), lineage I strains also possess an additional pathogenicity island designated LIPI-3 which encodes listeriolysin S (LLS), a post-translationally modified cytolytic peptide. Up until now, this pathogenicity island has been identified exclusively in a subset of lineage I isolates of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Results: In total 64 L. innocua strains were screened for the presence of LIPI-3. Here we report the identification of an intact LIPI-3 in 11 isolates of L. innocua and the remnants of the cluster in several others. Significantly, we can reveal that placing the L. innocua lls genes under the control of a constitutive promoter results in a haemolytic phenotype, confirming that th...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2233
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Avian speciation and biodiversity in South-east Sulawesi, Indonesia: drivers of diversification
(2019)
O'CONNELL, DARREN
Avian speciation and biodiversity in South-east Sulawesi, Indonesia: drivers of diversification
(2019)
O'CONNELL, DARREN
Abstract:
As biodiversity loss reaches critical levels, greater knowledge of its distribution is needed to concentrate conservation efforts. Biodiversity can be measured at several levels, with the species typically the unit used in conservation planning. Attempts to set accurate conservation priorities face a number of prominent challenges; 1. species distributions are often poorly known, particularly in the tropics where the rate of biodiversity loss is highest, 2. the number of currently described species is known to be a huge underestimate, with many cryptic species awaiting formal description, and 3. much remains unknown about the drivers of speciation, particularly what adaptations are associated with population divergence in the early stages of the process. In this thesis I explore each of these main topics in a study system in South-east Sulawesi, in the biodiversity hotspot of the Wallacea region. I focus on the avifauna of the region, contributing to characterising the community com...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86105
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Beyond the green: understanding the evolutionary puzzle of plant and algal cell walls
(2017)
Popper, Zoë A.; Tuohy, Maria G.
Beyond the green: understanding the evolutionary puzzle of plant and algal cell walls
(2017)
Popper, Zoë A.; Tuohy, Maria G.
Abstract:
Niklas (2000) defined plants as “photosynthetic eukaryotes,” thereby including brown, red, and green macroalgae and microalgae. These groups share several features, including the presence of a complex, dynamic, and polysaccharide-rich cell wall. Cell walls in eukaryotes are thought to have evolved by lateral transfer from cell wall-producing organisms (Niklas, 2004). Green and red algae originate from a primary endosymbiotic event with a cyanobacterium, which is thought to have occurred over 1,500 million years ago (Palmer et al., 2004). Even though extant cyanobacteria have cell walls that are based on a peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-lipopolysaccharide matrix and thus differ markedly from the polysaccharide-rich cell walls of plants, there is preliminary evidence that they may contain some similar polysaccharides (Hoiczyk and Hansel, 2000), and genes already involved in polysaccharide synthesis or those subsequently coopted into wall biosynthesis may have been transferred during end...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6472
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Bowen-York trumpet data and black-hole simulations
(2009)
Hannam, Mark; Husa, Sascha; Ó Murchadha, Niall
Bowen-York trumpet data and black-hole simulations
(2009)
Hannam, Mark; Husa, Sascha; Ó Murchadha, Niall
Abstract:
The most popular method to construct initial data for black-hole-binary simulations is the puncture method, in which compactified wormholes are given linear and angular momentum via the Bowen-York extrinsic curvature. When these data are evolved, they quickly approach a trumpet topology, suggesting that it would be preferable to use data that are in trumpet form from the outset. To achieve this, we extend the puncture method to allow the construction of Bowen-York trumpets, including an outline of an existence and uniqueness proof of the solutions. We construct boosted, spinning and binary Bowen-York puncture trumpets using a single-domain pseudospectral elliptic solver, and evolve the binary data and compare with standard wormhole-data results. We also show that for boosted trumpets the black-hole mass can be prescribed a priori, without recourse to the iterative procedure that is necessary for wormhole data.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4568
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Breeding a better cow—Will she be adaptable?
(2019)
Berry, Donagh
Breeding a better cow—Will she be adaptable?
(2019)
Berry, Donagh
Abstract:
Adaption is a process that makes an individual or population more suited to their environment. Long-term adaptation is predicated on ample usable genetic variation. Evolutionary forces influencing the extent and dynamics of genetic variation in a population include random drift, mutation, recombination, selection, and migration; the relative importance of each differs by population (i.e., drift is likely to be more influential in smaller populations) and number of generations exposed to selection (i.e., mutation is expected to contribute substantially to genetic variability following many generations of selection). The infinitesimal model, which underpins most genetic and genomic evaluations, assumes that each quantitative trait is controlled by an infinitely large number of unlinked and non-epistatic loci, each with an infinitely small effect. Under the infinitesimal model, selection is not expected to noticeably alter the allele frequencies, despite a potential substantial change ...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1701
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Calcium signaling in oomycetes: an evolutionary perspective
(2016)
Zheng, Limian; Mackrill, John J.
Calcium signaling in oomycetes: an evolutionary perspective
(2016)
Zheng, Limian; Mackrill, John J.
Abstract:
Oomycetes are a family of eukaryotic microbes that superficially resemble fungi, but which are phylogenetically distinct from them. These organisms cause major global economic losses to agriculture and fisheries, with representative pathogens being Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late potato blight and Saprolegnia diclina, the instigator of “cotton molds” in fish. As in all eukaryotes, cytoplasmic Ca2+ is a key second messenger in oomycetes, regulating life-cycle transitions, controlling motility and chemotaxis and, in excess, leading to cell-death. Despite this, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations in these organisms. Consequently, this review analyzed the presence of candidate calcium channels encoded within the nine oomycete genomes that are currently available. This revealed key differences between oomycetes and other eukaryotes, in particular the expansion and loss of different channel families, and the presence of a phy...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3758
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Cell wall evolution and diversity
(2017)
Fangel, Jonatan U.; Ulvskov, Peter; Knox, J. P.; Mikkelsen, Maria Dalgaard; Harholt, Je...
Cell wall evolution and diversity
(2017)
Fangel, Jonatan U.; Ulvskov, Peter; Knox, J. P.; Mikkelsen, Maria Dalgaard; Harholt, Jesper; Popper, Zoë A.; Willats, William G. T.
Abstract:
Plant cell walls display a considerable degree of diversity in their compositions and molecular architectures. In some cases the functional significance of a particular cell wall type appears to be easy to discern: secondary cells walls are often reinforced with lignin that provides durability; the thin cell walls of pollen tubes have particular compositions that enable their tip growth; lupin seed cell walls are characteristically thickened with galactan used as a storage polysaccharide. However, more frequently the evolutionary mechanisms and selection pressures that underpin cell wall diversity and evolution are unclear. For diverse green plants (chlorophytes and streptophytes) the rapidly increasing availability of transcriptome and genome data sets, the development of methods for cell wall analyses which require less material for analysis, and expansion of molecular probe sets, are providing new insights into the diversity and occurrence of cell wall polysaccharides and associa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6471
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Cell wall evolution and diversity
(2018)
Fangel, Jonatan U.; Ulvskov, Peter; Knox, J. P.; Mikkelsen, Maria D.; Harholt, Jesper; ...
Cell wall evolution and diversity
(2018)
Fangel, Jonatan U.; Ulvskov, Peter; Knox, J. P.; Mikkelsen, Maria D.; Harholt, Jesper; Popper, Zoë A.; Willats, William G.T.
Abstract:
Plant cell walls display a considerable degree of diversity in their compositions and molecular architectures. In some cases the functional significance of a particular cell wall type appears to be easy to discern: secondary cells walls are often reinforced with lignin that provides durability; the thin cell walls of pollen tubes have particular compositions that enable their tip growth; lupin seed cell walls are characteristically thickened with galactan used as a storage polysaccharide. However, more frequently the evolutionary mechanisms and selection pressures that underpin cell wall diversity and evolution are unclear. For diverse green plants (chlorophytes and streptophytes) the rapidly increasing availability of transcriptome and genome data sets, the development of methods for cell wall analyses which require less material for analysis, and expansion of molecular probe sets, are providing new insights into the diversity and occurrence of cell wall polysaccharides and associa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11406
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Centromere sliding on a mammalian chromosome
(2018)
Purgato, Stefania; Belloni, Elisa; Piras, Francesca M.; Zoli, Monica; Badiale, Claudia;...
Centromere sliding on a mammalian chromosome
(2018)
Purgato, Stefania; Belloni, Elisa; Piras, Francesca M.; Zoli, Monica; Badiale, Claudia; Cerutti, Federico; Mazzagatti, Alice; Perini, Giovanni; Della Valle, Giuliano; Nergadze, Solomon G.; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Raimondi, Elena; Rocchi, Mariano; Giulotto, Elena
Abstract:
The centromere directs the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. It is a distinct genetic locus whose identity is established through epigenetic mechanisms that depend on the deposition of centromere-specific centromere protein A (CENP-A) nucleosomes. This important chromatin domain has so far escaped comprehensive molecular analysis due to its typical association with highly repetitive satellite DNA. In previous work, we discovered that the centromere of horse chromosome 11 is completely devoid of satellite DNA; this peculiar feature makes it a unique model to dissect the molecular architecture of mammalian centromeres. Here, we exploited this native satellite-free centromere to determine the precise localization of its functional domains in five individuals: We hybridized DNA purified from chromatin immunoprecipitated with an anti CENP-A antibody to a high resolution array (ChIP-on-chip) of the region containing the primary constriction of horse chromosome 11. Str...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13538
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Dublin Institute of Technology (2)
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