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Subject = Gene-expression;
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 90 on page 1 of 4
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17 -estradiol treatment decreases steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rainbow trout testis
(2018)
Govoroun, M.
17 -estradiol treatment decreases steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rainbow trout testis
(2018)
Govoroun, M.
Abstract:
In fish, estrogens are well known for their involvement in ovarian differentiation and have been shown to be very potent feminizing agents when administrated in vivo during early development. However, the mechanism of action of exogenous estrogens is poorly understood. We report here on the feminizing effects of estrogen treatment on the testicular levels of some steroidogenic enzyme messenger RNAs [mRNAs; cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 17-hydroxylase/lyase (P450c17), 3 beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD), 11 beta -hydroxylase (P45011 beta), and aromatase (P450aro)] in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Treatment was carried out by dietary administration of 17 beta -estradiol (E-2; dosage of 20 mg/kg diet) to a genetically all male population. Steroidogenesis in the differentiating testis was demonstrated to be strongly altered by E-2, as this treatment resulted in considerable decrease in P450c17, 3 beta HSD, and P45011 beta mRNAs after only 10 days of ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9232
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A lifetime of stress: atf6 in development and homeostasis
(2018)
Hillary, Robert F.; FitzGerald, Una
A lifetime of stress: atf6 in development and homeostasis
(2018)
Hillary, Robert F.; FitzGerald, Una
Abstract:
Background: Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localised protein and member of the leucine zipper family of transcription factors. Best known for its role in transducing signals linked to stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, the 50 kDa activated form of ATF6 is now emerging as a major regulator of organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Responsible for the correct folding, secretion and membrane insertion of a third of the proteome in eukaryotic cells, the ER encompasses a dynamic, labyrinthine network of regulators, chaperones, foldases and cofactors. Such structures are crucial to the extensive protein synthesis required to undergo normal development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. When an additional protein synthesis burden is placed on the ER, ATF6, in tandem with ER stress transducers inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), slows the pace of protein translation and induces the production of...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11931
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a novel mechanism, linked to cell density, largely controls cell division in synechocystis
(2018)
Esteves-Ferreira, Alberto A.; Inaba, Masami; Obata, Toshihiro; Fort, Antoine; Fleming, ...
a novel mechanism, linked to cell density, largely controls cell division in synechocystis
(2018)
Esteves-Ferreira, Alberto A.; Inaba, Masami; Obata, Toshihiro; Fort, Antoine; Fleming, Gerard T.A.; Araújo, Wagner L.; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Sulpice, Ronan
Abstract:
Many studies have investigated the various genetic and environmental factors regulating cyanobacterial growth. Here, we investigated the growth and metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under different nitrogen sources, light intensities, and CO2 concentrations. Cells grown on urea showed the highest growth rates. However, for all conditions tested, the daily growth rates in batch cultures decreased steadily over time, and stationary phase was obtained with similar cell densities. Unexpectedly, metabolic and physiological analyses showed that growth rates during log phase were not controlled primarily by the availability of photoassimilates. Further physiological investigations indicated that nutrient limitation, quorum sensing, light quality, and light intensity (self-shading) were not the main factors responsible for the decrease in the growth rate and the onset of the stationary phase. Moreover, cell division rates in fed-batch cultures were positively correlated with the dilu...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11378
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Adrb3 adrenergic receptor is a key regulator of human myometrial apoptosis and inflammation during chorioamnionitis1
(2018)
Lirussi, Fréderic; Rakotoniaina, Zo; Madani, Siham; Goirand, Françoise; Breuiller-Fouch...
Adrb3 adrenergic receptor is a key regulator of human myometrial apoptosis and inflammation during chorioamnionitis1
(2018)
Lirussi, Fréderic; Rakotoniaina, Zo; Madani, Siham; Goirand, Françoise; Breuiller-Fouché, Michelle; Leroy, Marie-Josèphe; Sagot, Paul; Morrison, John J.; Dumas, Monique; Bardou, Marc
Abstract:
The pathophysiology underlying preterm labor triggered by inflammatory conditions such as chorioamnionitis remains largely unclear. It has already been suggested that beta-3 adrenergic (ADRB3) agonists might be of interest in the pharmacological management of preterm labor. Although there is evidence implicating ADRB receptors in the control of inflammation, there are minimal data relating specifically to ADRB3. To explore the cellular consequences of chorioamnionitis and detect apoptosis, we first performed immunostaining and Western blot experiments on human myometrial samples obtained from women with confirmed chorioamnionitis. We then developed an in vitro model of chorioamnionitis by incubating the myometrial samples obtained from uncomplicated pregnancies with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We observed that chorioamnionitis was associated with a significant increase in cleaved CASP3 protein expression, as well as chromatin condensation, which were reproduced experi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12465
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Alterations in hepatic mirna expression during negative energy balance in postpartum dairy cattle
(2018)
Fatima, Attia; Waters, Sinead; O’Boyle, Padraig; Seoighe, Cathal; Morris, Dermot G
Alterations in hepatic mirna expression during negative energy balance in postpartum dairy cattle
(2018)
Fatima, Attia; Waters, Sinead; O’Boyle, Padraig; Seoighe, Cathal; Morris, Dermot G
Abstract:
Background: Negative energy balance (NEB), an altered metabolic state, occurs in early postpartum dairy cattle when energy demands to support lactation exceed energy intake. During NEB the liver undergoes oxidative stress and increased breakdown of fatty acids accompanied by changes in gene expression. It is now known that micro RNAs (miRNA) can have a role in mediating such alterations in gene expression through repression or degradation of target mRNAs. miRNA expression is known to be altered by metabolism and environmental factors and miRNAs are implicated in expression modulation of metabolism related genes. Results: miRNA expression was profiled in the liver of moderate yielding dairy cattle under severe NEB (SNEB) and mild NEB (MNEB) using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA_2.0 array with 679 probe sets for Bos-taurus miRNAs. Ten miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed using the 'samr' statistical package (delta = 0.6) at a q-value FDR of < 12%. Five ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11425
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An atr‐dependent function for the ddx19 rna helicase in nuclear r‐loop metabolism
(2018)
Hodroj, Dana; Recolin, Bénédicte; Serhal, Kamar; Martinez, Susan; Tsanov, Nikolay; Abou...
An atr‐dependent function for the ddx19 rna helicase in nuclear r‐loop metabolism
(2018)
Hodroj, Dana; Recolin, Bénédicte; Serhal, Kamar; Martinez, Susan; Tsanov, Nikolay; Abou Merhi, Raghida; Maiorano, Domenico
Abstract:
Coordination between transcription and replication is crucial in the maintenance of genome integrity. Disturbance of these processes leads to accumulation of aberrant DNA: RNA hybrids (R-loops) that, if unresolved, generate DNA damage and genomic instability. Here we report a novel, unexpected role for the nucleopore-associated mRNA export factor Ddx19 in removing nuclear R-loops formed upon replication stress or DNA damage. We show, in live cells, that Ddx19 transiently relocalizes from the nucleopore to the nucleus upon DNA damage, in an ATR/Chk1-dependent manner, and that Ddx19 nuclear relocalization is required to clear R-loops. Ddx19 depletion induces R-loop accumulation, proliferation-dependent DNA damage and defects in replication fork progression. Further, we show that Ddx19 resolves R-loops in vitro via its helicase activity. Furthermore, mutation of a residue phosphorylated by Chk1 in Ddx19 disrupts its interaction with Nup214 and allows its nuclear relocalization. Finally...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11948
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An essential role for coagulase instaphylococcus aureusbiofilm development reveals new therapeutic possibilities for device-related infections
(2018)
Zapotoczna, Marta; McCarthy, Hannah; Rudkin, Justine K.; O'Gara, James P.; O'...
An essential role for coagulase instaphylococcus aureusbiofilm development reveals new therapeutic possibilities for device-related infections
(2018)
Zapotoczna, Marta; McCarthy, Hannah; Rudkin, Justine K.; O'Gara, James P.; O'Neill, Eoghan
Abstract:
High-level resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated, medical device-related infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that biofilms grown for <= 24 hours on biomaterials conditioned with human plasma under venous shear in iron-free cell culture medium were significantly more susceptible to antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Biofilms formed under these physiologically relevant conditions were regulated by SaeRS and dependent on coagulase-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. In contrast, SarA-regulated biofilms formed on uncoated polystyrene in nutrient-rich bacteriological medium were mediated by the previously characterized biofilm factors poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, fibronectin-binding proteins, or autolytic activity and were antibiotic resistant. Coagulase-mediated biofilms exhibited increased antimicrobial resistance over time (>48 hours) but were alway...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14513
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Arac-type regulator rbf controls the staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm phenotype by negatively regulating theicaadbcrepressor sarr
(2018)
Rowe, Sarah E.; Campbell, Christopher; Lowry, Colm; O'Donnell, Sinead T.; Olson, M...
Arac-type regulator rbf controls the staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm phenotype by negatively regulating theicaadbcrepressor sarr
(2018)
Rowe, Sarah E.; Campbell, Christopher; Lowry, Colm; O'Donnell, Sinead T.; Olson, Michael E.; Lindgren, Jill K.; Waters, Elaine M.; Fey, Paul D.; O'Gara, James P.
Abstract:
Regulation of icaADBC-encoded polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)/poly-N-acetylglucosasmine (PNAG) production in staphylococci plays an important role in biofilm-associated medical-device-related infections. Here, we report that the AraC-type transcriptional regulator Rbf activates icaADBC operon transcription and PIA production in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Purified recombinant Rbf did not bind to the ica operon promoter region in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), indicating that Rbf regulates ica transcription indirectly. To identify the putative transcription factor(s) involved in Rbf-mediated icaADBC regulation, the ability of recombinant Rbf to interact with the promoter sequences of known icaADBC regulators was investigated. Recombinant Rbf bound to the sarR promoter and not the sarX, sarA, sarZ, spx, and srrA promoters. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR demonstrated that Rbf acts as a repressor of sarR transcription. PIA expression and biofilm production wer...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13713
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Candidate pathways linking inducible nitric oxide synthase to a basal-like transcription pattern and tumor progression in human breast cancer
(2018)
Ambs, Stefan; Glynn, Sharon A.
Candidate pathways linking inducible nitric oxide synthase to a basal-like transcription pattern and tumor progression in human breast cancer
(2018)
Ambs, Stefan; Glynn, Sharon A.
Abstract:
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is an inflammation responsive enzyme (EC 1.14.13.39) that is induced during acute and chronic inflammation and tissue injury as part of the host defense and wound healing process. NOS2 upregulation leads to increased nitric oxide (NO) production, the means by which this enzyme can initiate NO-dependent signal transduction, influence the redox state of cells and induce modifications of proteins, lipids and DNA. Aberrant expression of NOS2 has been observed in many types of human tumors. In breast cancer, increased NOS2 is associated with markers of poor outcome and decreased survival. Growth factor and cytokine signaling, tissue remodeling, NF kappa B activation and hypoxia are candidate mechanisms that induce NOS2 in tumor epithelial and tumor-infiltrating cells. NOS2 induction will trigger the release of variable amounts of NO into the tumor microenvironment and can activate oncogenic pathways, including the Akt, epidermal growth factor recept...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10237
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Carbohydrate Syntrophy enhances the establishment of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 in the neonatal gut
(2018)
Motherway, Mary O'Connell; O'Brien, Frances; O'Driscoll, Tara; Casey, Pa...
Carbohydrate Syntrophy enhances the establishment of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 in the neonatal gut
(2018)
Motherway, Mary O'Connell; O'Brien, Frances; O'Driscoll, Tara; Casey, Pat G.; Shanahan, Fergus; van Sinderen, Douwe
Abstract:
The non-digestible oligosaccharide fraction of maternal milk represents an important of carbohydrate and energy source for saccharolytic bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract during early life. However, not all neonatal bifidobacteria isolates can directly metabolise the complex sialylated, fucosylated, sulphated and/or N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharide structures present in mothers milk. For some bifidobacterial strains, efficient carbohydrate syntrophy or crossfeeding is key to their establishment in the gut. In this study, we have adopted advanced functional genomic approaches to create single and double in-frame deletions of the N-acetyl glucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase encoding genes, nagA1 and nagA2, of B. breve UCC2003. In vitro phenotypic analysis followed by in vivo studies on co-colonisation, mother to infant transmission, and evaluation of the relative co-establishment of B. bifidum and B. breve UCC2003 or UCC2003 Delta nagA1 Delta nagA2 in dam-rear...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6666
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Ceratopteris richardii (c-fern): a model for investigating adaptive modification of vascular plant cell walls
(2018)
Leroux, Olivier; Eeckhout, Sharon; Viane, Ronald L. L.; Popper, Zoë A.
Ceratopteris richardii (c-fern): a model for investigating adaptive modification of vascular plant cell walls
(2018)
Leroux, Olivier; Eeckhout, Sharon; Viane, Ronald L. L.; Popper, Zoë A.
Abstract:
Plant cell walls are essential for most aspects of plant growth, development, and survival, including cell division, expansive cell growth, cell-cell communication, biomechanical properties, and stress responses. Therefore, characterizing cell wall diversity contributes to our overall understanding of plant evolution and development. Recent biochemical analyses, concomitantly with whole genome sequencing of plants located at pivotal points in plant phylogeny, have helped distinguish between homologous characters and those which might be more derived. Most plant lineages now have at least one fully sequenced representative and although genome sequences for fern species are in progress they are not yet available for this group. Ferns offer key advantages for the study of developmental processes leading to vascularisation and complex organs as well as the specific differences between diploid sporophyte tissues and haploid gametophyte tissues and the interplay between them. Ceratopteris...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12423
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Clinical use of the oncotype dx genomic test to guide treatment decisions for patients with invasive breast cancer
(2018)
McVeigh, Terri P; Kerin, Michael J
Clinical use of the oncotype dx genomic test to guide treatment decisions for patients with invasive breast cancer
(2018)
McVeigh, Terri P; Kerin, Michael J
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Implementation of the Oncotype DX assay has led to a change in the manner in which chemotherapy is utilized in patients with early stage, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, node-negative breast cancer; ensuring that patients at highest risk of recurrence are prescribed systemic treatment, while at the same time sparing low-risk patients potential adverse events from therapy unlikely to influence their survival. This test generates a recurrence score between 0 and 100, which correlates with probability of distant disease recurrence. Patients with low-risk recurrence scores (0-17) are unlikely to derive significant survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal agents derived from using adjuvant hormonal therapy only. Conversely, adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to significantly improve survival in patients with high-risk recurrence scores (>= 31). Trials are ongoing to determine how best to manage patients with recurrence scores in the intermediate range. This ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12854
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Cmcgg methylation-independent parent-of-origin effects on genome-wide transcript levels in isogenic reciprocal f1 triploid plants
(2018)
Donoghue, M. T. A.; Fort, A.; Clifton, R.; Zhang, X.; McKeown, P. C.; Voigt-Zielinksi, ...
Cmcgg methylation-independent parent-of-origin effects on genome-wide transcript levels in isogenic reciprocal f1 triploid plants
(2018)
Donoghue, M. T. A.; Fort, A.; Clifton, R.; Zhang, X.; McKeown, P. C.; Voigt-Zielinksi, M. L.; Borevitz, J. O.; Spillane, C.
Abstract:
Triploid F1 hybrids generated via reciprocal interploidy crosses between genetically distinct parental plants can display parent-of-origin effects on gene expression or phenotypes. Reciprocal triploid F1 isogenic plants generated from interploidy crosses in the same genetic background allow investigation on parent-of-origin-specific (parental) genome-dosage effects without confounding effects of hybridity involving heterozygous mutations. Whole-genome transcriptome profiling was conducted on reciprocal F1 isogenic triploid (3x) seedlings of A. thaliana. The genetically identical reciprocal 3x genotypes had either an excess of maternally inherited 3x(m) or paternally inherited 3x(p) genomes. We identify a major parent-of-origin-dependent genome-dosage effect on transcript levels, whereby 602 genes exhibit differential expression between the reciprocal F1 triploids. In addition, using methylation-sensitive DNA tiling arrays, constitutive and polymorphic CG DNA methylation patterns at ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11229
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Comparative genome and methylome analysis reveals restriction/modification system diversity in the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve
(2018)
Bottacini, Francesca; Morrissey, Ruth; Roberts, Richard John; James, Kieran; van Breen,...
Comparative genome and methylome analysis reveals restriction/modification system diversity in the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve
(2018)
Bottacini, Francesca; Morrissey, Ruth; Roberts, Richard John; James, Kieran; van Breen, Justin; Egan, Muireann; Lambert, Jolanda; van Limpt, Kees; Knol, Jan; O'Connell Motherway, Mary; van Sinderen, Douwe
Abstract:
Bifidobacterium breve represents one of the most abundant bifidobacterial species in the gastrointestinal tract of breast-fed infants, where their presence is believed to exert beneficial effects. In the present study whole genome sequencing, employing the PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing platform, combined with comparative genome analysis allowed the most extensive genetic investigation of this taxon. Our findings demonstrate that genes encoding Restriction/Modification (R/M) systems constitute a substantial part of the B. breve variable gene content (or variome). Using the methylome data generated by SMRT sequencing, combined with targeted Illumina bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) and comparative genome analysis, we were able to detect methylation recognition motifs and assign these to identified B. breve R/M systems, where in several cases such assignments were confirmed by restriction analysis. Furthermore, we show that R/M systems typically impose a very signifi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6353
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Comparative rna expression analyses from small-scale, single-donor platelet samples1
(2018)
HILLMANN, A. G.; HARMON, S.; PARK, S. D. E.; O'BRIEN, J.; SHIELDS, D. C.; Kenny, D.
Comparative rna expression analyses from small-scale, single-donor platelet samples1
(2018)
HILLMANN, A. G.; HARMON, S.; PARK, S. D. E.; O'BRIEN, J.; SHIELDS, D. C.; Kenny, D.
Abstract:
Background: Comparisons of platelet RNAs could provide crucial information on platelet function, thrombopoiesis and the etiology of megakaryocyte (MK) or platelet disorders. Objectives: We developed a method for stringent purification of platelets from small blood samples from single donors. Purity of the platelet preparations was verified by an RT-PCR assay. We tested three methods to identify the differences in RNA between platelet sources. Methods: Differential hybridization to cDNA macro-arrays and suppressive-subtractive hybridization PCR (SSH-PCR) were used to compare RNAs from normal platelets to those from a Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) patient. Affymetrix GeneChip U133 plus 2.0 arrays were used to compare male and female platelet RNAs. Results: Macroarrays identified similar to 7500 platelet transcripts, but failed to identify differentially expressed transcripts with confidence. SSH-PCR produced libraries almost exclusively of mitochondrial-derived transcripts, but inclu...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9305
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Cross-feeding by bifidobacterium breve ucc2003 during co-cultivation with bifidobacterium bifidum prl2010 in a mucin-based medium
(2018)
Egan, Muireann; O’Connell Motherway, Mary; Kilcoyne, Michelle; Kane, Marian; Joshi, Lok...
Cross-feeding by bifidobacterium breve ucc2003 during co-cultivation with bifidobacterium bifidum prl2010 in a mucin-based medium
(2018)
Egan, Muireann; O’Connell Motherway, Mary; Kilcoyne, Michelle; Kane, Marian; Joshi, Lokesh; Ventura, Marco; van Sinderen, Douwe
Abstract:
Background: Bifidobacteria constitute a specific group of commensal bacteria that commonly inhabit the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 was previously shown to utilize a variety of plant/diet/host-derived carbohydrates, including cellodextrin, starch and galactan, as well as the mucin and HMO-derived monosaccharide, sialic acid. In the current study, we investigated the ability of this strain to utilize parts of a host-derived source of carbohydrate, namely the mucin glycoprotein, when grown in co-culture with the mucin-degrading Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010. Results: B. breve UCC2003 was shown to exhibit growth properties in a mucin-based medium, but only when grown in the presence of B. bifidum PRL2010, which is known to metabolize mucin. A combination of HPAEC-PAD and transcriptome analyses identified some of the possible monosaccharides and oligosaccharides which support this enhanced co-cultivation growth/viability phenotype. Conclusion: This s...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11331
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Differential response of mouse thymic epithelial cell types to ionizing radiation-induced dna damage
(2018)
Calvo-Asensio, Irene; Barthlott, Thomas; von Muenchow, Lilly; Lowndes, Noel F.; Ceredig...
Differential response of mouse thymic epithelial cell types to ionizing radiation-induced dna damage
(2018)
Calvo-Asensio, Irene; Barthlott, Thomas; von Muenchow, Lilly; Lowndes, Noel F.; Ceredig, Rhodri
Abstract:
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are the main components of the thymic stroma that support and control T-cell development. Preparative regimens using DNA-damaging agents, such as total body irradiation and/or chemotherapeutic drugs, that are necessary prior to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have profound deleterious effects on the hematopoietic system, including the thymic stroma, which may be one of the main causes for the prolonged periods of T-cell deficiency and the inefficient T cell reconstitution that are common following BMT. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that allows cells to respond to all sorts of genotoxic insults. Hypoxia is known to modulate the DDR and play a role affecting the survival capacity of different cell types. In this study, we have characterized in detail the DDR of cortical and medullary TEC lines and their response to ionizing radiation, as well as the effects of hypoxia on their DDR. Although both mTECs and cTECs display re...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10663
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Differential β3and β1integrin expression in bone marrow and cortical bone of estrogen deficient rats
(2018)
Voisin, Muriel; McNamara, Laoise M.
Differential β3and β1integrin expression in bone marrow and cortical bone of estrogen deficient rats
(2018)
Voisin, Muriel; McNamara, Laoise M.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14320
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Dissecting the pre-placodal transcriptome to reveal presumptive direct targets of six1 and eya1 in cranial placodes
(2018)
Riddiford, Nick; Schlosser, Gerhard
Dissecting the pre-placodal transcriptome to reveal presumptive direct targets of six1 and eya1 in cranial placodes
(2018)
Riddiford, Nick; Schlosser, Gerhard
Abstract:
The pre-placodal ectoderm, marked by the expression of the transcription factor Six1 and its co-activator Eya1, develops into placodes and ultimately into many cranial sensory organs and ganglia. Using RNA-Seq in Xenopus laevis we screened for presumptive direct placodal target genes of Six1 and Eya1 by overexpressing hormone-inducible constructs of Six1 and Eya1 in pre-placodal explants, and blocking protein synthesis before hormone-inducing nuclear translocation of Six1 or Eya1. Comparing the transcriptome of explants with non-induced controls, we identified hundreds of novel Six1/Eya1 target genes with potentially important roles for placode development. Loss-of-function studies confirmed that target genes encoding known transcriptional regulators of progenitor fates (e.g. Sox2, Hes8) and neuronal/sensory differentiation (e.g. Ngn1, Atoh1, Pou4f1, Gfi1) require Six1 and Eya1 for their placodal expression. Our findings provide insights into the gene regulatory network regulating p...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13647
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Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model
(2018)
Waters, S. M.; Kenny, D. A.; Killeen, A. P.; Spellman, S. A.; Fitzgerald, A.; Hennessy,...
Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model
(2018)
Waters, S. M.; Kenny, D. A.; Killeen, A. P.; Spellman, S. A.; Fitzgerald, A.; Hennessy, A. A.; Hynes, A. C.
Abstract:
Ruminant fat is often perceived as having a negative impact on human health; however, the composition of the fat is under complex biochemical control and can be improved through strategic manipulation of the animal's diet. There were two major objectives of this study, namely (i) to develop and validate a primary bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell line and (ii) to examine the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the transcriptional regulation of Delta-9 desaturase in vitro using the novel cell line. Intramuscular adipose tissue was obtained from the Musculus longissimus thoracis of a beef heifer. Mature adipocytes were isolated and cultured, and subsequently harvested and evaluated for lipid accumulation and the expression of genes regulating key functional adipocyte protein markers at passages 10, 20 and 30. Isolated cells were shown to accumulate lipid in culture over time. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography was carried out at passage 30. Thirteen fatty acids rang...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14394
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Effects of combined progesterone and 17β-estradiol treatment on the transcriptome of cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells
(2018)
Chandran, Sreenath; Cairns, Michael T.; O'Brien, Margaret; O'Connell, Enda; M...
Effects of combined progesterone and 17β-estradiol treatment on the transcriptome of cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells
(2018)
Chandran, Sreenath; Cairns, Michael T.; O'Brien, Margaret; O'Connell, Enda; Mashayekhi, Kaveh; Smith, Terry J.
Abstract:
A transcriptomic analysis of cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells (hUtSMCs) was performed to examine gene expression profiles in smooth muscle in an environment containing the two major steroid hormones that regulate the human myometrium in physiological states associated with estrous, pregnancy, labor, and pathophysiological states such as leiomyoma and endometrial cancer. hUtSMCs were treated with progesterone (P4) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) individually and in combination, in the presence and absence of RU486 (mifepristone). Transcription of many genes was modulated in the presence of P4 or E2 alone, but almost six times more genes were transcriptionally modulated in the presence of the P4/E2 hormone combination. In total 796 annotated genes were significantly differentially expressed in the presence of both P4 and E2 relative to their expression in untreated cells. Functional withdrawal of P4 by addition of RU486 effectively reversed almost all transcriptional changes caus...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10742
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Effects of repeated cycles of acid challenge and growth on the phenotype and virulence ofsalmonella enterica
(2018)
Karatzas, K.A.G.; Hocking, P.M.; Jørgensen, F.; Mattick, K.; Leach, S.; Humphrey, T.J.
Effects of repeated cycles of acid challenge and growth on the phenotype and virulence ofsalmonella enterica
(2018)
Karatzas, K.A.G.; Hocking, P.M.; Jørgensen, F.; Mattick, K.; Leach, S.; Humphrey, T.J.
Abstract:
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate how stresses like low pH, which may be encountered in farms or food preparation premises, shape populations of Salmonella enterica by the selection of stress-resistant variants. Methods and Results: Stationary-phase cultures of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and serovar Typhimurium (one strain of each) were exposed to pH 2.5 for up to 4 h, followed by growth at pH 7 for 48 h. This process was repeated 15 times in two separate experiments, which increased the acid resistance of the three out of four populations we obtained, by three- to fourfold. Sustainable variants derived from the populations showed changes in colony morphology, expression of SEF17 fimbriae, growth, increased heat resistance and reduced virulence. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that low pH environments can select for populations of S. enterica with persistent phenotypic changes such as increased acid resistance and occasionally increased SEF17 expression and lowe...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12150
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Elicitation of resistance and associated defense responses in trichoderma hamatum induced protection against pearl millet downy mildew pathogen
(2018)
Siddaiah, Chandra Nayaka; Satyanarayana, Niranjan Raj; Mudili, Venkataramana; Kumar Gup...
Elicitation of resistance and associated defense responses in trichoderma hamatum induced protection against pearl millet downy mildew pathogen
(2018)
Siddaiah, Chandra Nayaka; Satyanarayana, Niranjan Raj; Mudili, Venkataramana; Kumar Gupta, Vijai; Gurunathan, Selvakumar; Rangappa, Shobith; Huntrike, Shekar Shetty; Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar
Abstract:
Endophytic Trichoderma hamatum UoM 13 isolated from pearl millet roots was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress downy mildew disease. Under laboratory conditions, T. hamatum seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination and seedling vigor. T. hamatum seed treatment resulted in systemic and durable immunity against pearl millet downy mildew disease under greenhouse and field conditions. T. hamatum treated seedlings responded to downy mildew infection with high lignification and callose deposition. Analysis of defense enzymes showed that T. hamatum treatment significantly enhanced the activities of glucanase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase in comparison to untreated control. RT-PCR analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts of the defense enzymes and PR-proteins in treated, untreated, and checks, wherein PR-1, PR-5, and cell wall defense HRGPs were significantly over expressed in treated seedlings as against their ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13904
Marked
Mark
Endometrial expression of the insulin-like growth factor system during uterine involution in the postpartum dairy cow
(2018)
Llewellyn, S.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Kenny, D.A.; Patton, J.; Wathes, D.C.
Endometrial expression of the insulin-like growth factor system during uterine involution in the postpartum dairy cow
(2018)
Llewellyn, S.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Kenny, D.A.; Patton, J.; Wathes, D.C.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12480
Marked
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estrogen deficiency attenuates fluid flow–induced [ca 2+ ] i oscillations and mechanoresponsiveness of mlo-y4 osteocytes
(2018)
Deepak, Vishwa; Kayastha, Pushpalata; McNamara, Laoise M.
estrogen deficiency attenuates fluid flow–induced [ca 2+ ] i oscillations and mechanoresponsiveness of mlo-y4 osteocytes
(2018)
Deepak, Vishwa; Kayastha, Pushpalata; McNamara, Laoise M.
Abstract:
It has been proposed that estrogen regulates the mechanosensitivity of osteocytes; however, the effects of estrogen deficiency that arises during postmenopausal osteoporosis on mechanical stimulation induced calcium signaling in osteocytes remain elusive. Here, we pretreated MLO-Y4 osteocytes with 10 nM E2 for 2, 3 and 5 d, then simulated postmenopausal conditions either by estrogen withdrawal (EW) from culture medium, or by inhibiting the estrogen receptor by using fulvestrant and estrogen (FE; ICI 182,780) in vitro. We investigated [Ca2+](i) oscillations and mechanobiologic responses of osteocytes (EW and FE) that were exposed to oscillatory fluid flow (OFF; 1 Pa, 0.5 Hz). We demonstrated that estrogen treatment enhanced OFF-induced [Ca2+](i) oscillations and that this effect was abrogated both by FE and EW. Moreover, osteocytes in both estrogen-depleted groups (EW and FE) had reduced levels of NO and prostaglandin E2 release, down-regulated dentin matrix protein-1, sclerostin, os...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11123
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