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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 207 on page 1 of 9
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'Divided they stand, divided they fail': opposition politics in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco
'Divided they stand, divided they fail': opposition politics in Morocco
(2009)
Cavatorta, Francesco
Abstract:
The literature on democratization emphasises how authoritarian constraints usually lead genuine opposition parties and movements to form alliances in order to make demands for reform to the authoritarian regime. There is significant empirical evidence to support this theoretical point. While this trend is partly visible in the Middle East and North Africa, such coalitions are usually short-lived and limited to a single issue, never reaching the stage of formal and organic alliances. This article, using the case of Morocco, seeks to explain this puzzle by focusing on ideological and strategic differences that exist between the Islamist and the secular/liberal sectors of civil society, where significant opposition politics occurs. In addition, this article also aims to explain how pro-democracy strategies of the European Union further widen this divide, functioning as a key obstacle to democratic reforms.
http://doras.dcu.ie/4504/
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'Global civil society' and hegemonic global governance: a Gramscian analysis of the NGO campaigns to ban landmines and cluster munitions
(2014)
O'Dwyer, Diana
'Global civil society' and hegemonic global governance: a Gramscian analysis of the NGO campaigns to ban landmines and cluster munitions
(2014)
O'Dwyer, Diana
Abstract:
This thesis uses a historical materialist Gramscian framework to develop an alternative, critical analysis of two post-Cold War international arms control campaigns by non-governmental organisations (NGO) – the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) in the early to mid-1990s and the Cluster Munitions Coalition (CMC) a decade later. Dominant liberal and liberal-constructivist narratives portray the campaigns as indicative of a broader ‘power shift’ in the international system towards traditionally less influential actors, including NGOs as representatives of an emerging ‘global’ or ‘transnational’ civil society, small and middle power states, and intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). This is seen to have arisen from the decreased polarisation of the international system since the end of the Cold War and the globalisation of the information revolution, which are said to have enhanced the salience of soft or communicative power and contributed to an emergent, more multi-actor...
http://doras.dcu.ie/20208/
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'Necessity knows no law': the resurrection of Kriegsraison through the US targeted killing programme
(2017)
Connolly, Catherine
'Necessity knows no law': the resurrection of Kriegsraison through the US targeted killing programme
(2017)
Connolly, Catherine
Abstract:
The doctrine of Kriegsraison, and its argument that ‘necessity knows no law’, is generally considered to have been laid to rest with the creation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. However, this article asserts that Kriegsraison is resurrected and wholly alive in the USAs’ targeted killing programme. The targeted killing programme, now in existence for more than 15 years, remains one of the most problematic aspects of US anti-terror policy and continues to raise numerous legal questions. The article argues that treatment of the various legal frameworks relevant to targeted killing by the USA is suffused with Kriegsraison to such an extent that necessity, in its varying iterations, has become the primary guiding principle for US uses of force, and assessments as to their legality. This argument is predicated on an examination of the USAs’ expansive interpretation of jus ad bellum principles, its a-la-carte approach in recognising the applicability of jus in bello rules, and the designat...
http://doras.dcu.ie/22949/
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‘Catalytic nuclear war’ in the age of artificial intelligence & autonomy: Emerging military technology and escalation risk between nuclear-armed states
(2021)
Johnson, James
‘Catalytic nuclear war’ in the age of artificial intelligence & autonomy: Emerging military technology and escalation risk between nuclear-armed states
(2021)
Johnson, James
Abstract:
This article revisits the Cold War-era concept of ‘catalytic nuclear war,’ considered by many as unworkable, and reconceptualizes it in light of technological change, as well as improved understanding of human psychology and other factors. It argues in the modern digital era, the catalyzing chain of reaction and counter-retaliation dynamics set in motion by the deliberate action of a non-state or third-party actor is fast becoming a more accessible and plausible alternative to acquiring a nuclear weapon or manufacturing an improvised atomic device – or ‘dirty bomb.’ The article concludes that artificial intelligence (AI) technology is creating new – and exacerbating old – escalation pathways that risk catalyzing accidental nuclear confrontation between nuclear-armed powers, particularly under irrational (or sub-rational) conditions. Are existing notions of accidental and inadvertent nuclear escalation still relevant in the age of AI and autonomy?
http://doras.dcu.ie/25405/
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A comparative critique of the practice of Irish neutrality in the 'unneutral' discourse
(2008)
Devine, Karen
A comparative critique of the practice of Irish neutrality in the 'unneutral' discourse
(2008)
Devine, Karen
Abstract:
This article takes a comparative, empirical look at the practice of Irish neutrality during World War II. It critiques a model of neutrality presented in a thesis on Irish neutrality called Unneutral Ireland, consisting of factors derived from an analysis of three states regarded as well-established European neutrals—Austria, Sweden and Switzerland—that reflect the practice of neutrality. That model focused on the rights and duties of neutrality; the recognition of Ireland's status by belligerents and others; the disavowal of external help; and freedom of decision and action. This present article focuses on the factors flowing from these latter obligations that are cited in an analysis of the practice of Irish neutrality in the Unneutral thesis as proof of Ireland's 'unneutral' status, i.e. ideology; involvement in economic sanctions; partiality; the practice of Irish citizens joining the British army; and post-World War II factors such as Ireland's EEC memb...
http://doras.dcu.ie/2167/
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Accreditation of vocational learning outcomes: perspectives for a European transfer
(2009)
Rami, Justin; Lalor, John
Accreditation of vocational learning outcomes: perspectives for a European transfer
(2009)
Rami, Justin; Lalor, John
http://doras.dcu.ie/14879/
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ACES: the Irish dimension
(2017)
Diamond, Dermot
ACES: the Irish dimension
(2017)
Diamond, Dermot
http://doras.dcu.ie/21708/
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Add women and hope? Assessing the gender impact of EU common security and defence policy missions: a policy report
(2017)
McDonagh, Kenneth; Deiana, Maria-Adriana
Add women and hope? Assessing the gender impact of EU common security and defence policy missions: a policy report
(2017)
McDonagh, Kenneth; Deiana, Maria-Adriana
Abstract:
This project bridges the divide between policy makers and critical approaches to gender by engaging with both the quantitative (number of women) and qualitative (shifts in underlying social power structures) aspects of gender in the context of CSDP. To do so it examined the policy documents and secondary literature on women, peace and security and the EU. We also conducted interviews with key personnel in Brussels and in Kosovo and Bosnia-Herzegovina to examine the planning, practice and impact of EU crisis management missions in the field. The Project makes the following recommendations based on this research: • Greater commitment to the Women, Peace & Security (WPS) agenda is required at the very top-level, both within EU planning offices such as the CMPD & CPSS, and within Member States at the highest political level and in addressing institutional cultures within personnel contributing agencies. • Better resourcing for Gender planning and Gender Focal point staff, double...
http://doras.dcu.ie/21744/
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After the 'War on Terror': regulatory states, risk bureaucracies and the risk-based governance of terror
(2010)
Heng, Yee-Kuang; McDonagh, Kenneth
After the 'War on Terror': regulatory states, risk bureaucracies and the risk-based governance of terror
(2010)
Heng, Yee-Kuang; McDonagh, Kenneth
Abstract:
In March 2009, the Obama administration sent a message to senior Pentagon staff instructing them to refrain from using either of the terms ‘Long War’ or ‘Global War on Terror’ and to replace these terms with ‘Overseas Contingency Operations’. Similarly, the 2009 UK Strategy for Countering International Terrorism eschews military terminology, preferring instead National Risk Assessments whose overall aim is ‘to reduce the risk to the UK’. This paper seeks to explore what it terms an emerging risk-based approach being deployed by states. Such an approach has already played a significant role in the ‘War on Terror’ to date, particularly in relation to Anti-Terrorist Financing and Aviation security guidelines. The change in tone and, potentially, substance from the Obama White House may however create the opportunity for risk-based approaches to move further onto the centre stage in the war on terror, just as it has in the wider Risk Society. This paper argues that the end of the ‘War o...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15435/
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An analysis of interactions within and between extreme right communities in social media
(2012)
O'Callaghan, Derek; Greene, Derek; Conway, Maura; Carthy, Joe; Cunningham, Padraig
An analysis of interactions within and between extreme right communities in social media
(2012)
O'Callaghan, Derek; Greene, Derek; Conway, Maura; Carthy, Joe; Cunningham, Padraig
Abstract:
Many extreme right groups have had an online presence for some time through the use of dedicated websites. This has been accompanied by increased activity in social media websites in recent years, which may enable the dissemination of extreme right content to a wider audience. In this paper, we present exploratory analysis of the activity of a selection of such groups on Twitter, using network representations based on reciprocal follower and mentions interactions. We find that stable communities of related users are present within individual country networks, where these communities are usually associated with variants of extreme right ideology. Furthermore, we also identify the presence of international relationships between certain groups across geopolitical boundaries.
http://doras.dcu.ie/17746/
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An investigation of the relationship between international law, international politics and the state using Syria as a case study
(2018)
Sweeney, Caroline
An investigation of the relationship between international law, international politics and the state using Syria as a case study
(2018)
Sweeney, Caroline
Abstract:
The thesis investigates the relationship between international law, international politics and the state using Syria as a case study. Syria was chosen because it has historically been the site of regional and international tussles for influence of which the post-Arab Spring proxy war is but the latest example. The research is interdisciplinary in that it utilises analytical tools from the international law and international relations disciplines. It initially examines the most prominent theoretical approaches to international law and international relations focussing on their treatment of the relationship between international law, international politics and the state. It then tests their respective assertions against Syria’s actual experience from the late Ottoman period to mid-2018. The thesis reveals that no one theoretical approach to international law or international relations has captured the precise contours of the relationship between international law, international poli...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14752
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Anti-Communism and Media Surveillance in Ireland 1948-50
(2000)
Horgan, John
Anti-Communism and Media Surveillance in Ireland 1948-50
(2000)
Horgan, John
Abstract:
Ireland in the immediate post-war period offers, to the student of Cold War politics and intrigues, some unusual insights into the nature of political surveillance in general and to the surveillance of the press in particular, according to documents recently released by the US State department and made available in the US National Archives in Washington. Politically, the situation was becoming more volatile. Fianna Fail, which had been in power continuously since 1932 and had won its most recent election in 1944, was coming under increasingly vocal criticism from two key groups of erstwhile supporters: urban workers, who had been chafing under wages stand-still orders for much of the war and who were disappointed that the end of the conflict had not produced much in the way of material benefits; and republicans, many of whom had been interned during the war, and some of whom felt in any case that a sense of drive and purpose was missing from Fianna Fail's approach to the natio...
http://doras.dcu.ie/21598/
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Artificial intelligence and future warfare: implications for international security
(2019)
Johnson, James
Artificial intelligence and future warfare: implications for international security
(2019)
Johnson, James
Abstract:
Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) suggest that this emerging technology will have a deterministic and potentially transformative influence on military power, strategic competition, and world politics more broadly. After the initial surge of broad speculation in the literature related to AI this article provides some much needed specificity to the debate. It argues that left unchecked the uncertainties and vulnerabilities created by the rapid proliferation and diffusion of AI could become a major potential source of instability and great power strategic rivalry. The article identifies several AI-related innovations and technological developments that will likely have genuine consequences for military applications from a tactical battlefield perspective to the strategic level.
http://doras.dcu.ie/25553/
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Artificial intelligence in nuclear warfare: a perfect storm of instability?
(2020)
Johnson, James
Artificial intelligence in nuclear warfare: a perfect storm of instability?
(2020)
Johnson, James
Abstract:
A significant gap exists between the expectations and fears of public opinion, policymakers, and global defense communities about artificial intelligence (AI) and its actual military capabilities, particularly in the nuclear sphere. The misconceptions that exist today are largely caused by the hyperbolic depictions of AI in popular culture and science fiction, most prominently the Skynet system in The Terminator. Misrepresentations of the potential opportunities and risks in the military sphere (or “military AI”) can obscure constructive and crucial debate on these topics—specifically, the challenge of balancing the potential operational, tactical, and strategic benefits of leveraging AI, while managing the risks posed to stability and nuclear security. This article demystifies the hype surrounding AI in the context of nuclear weapons and, more broadly, future warfare. Specifically, it highlights the potential, multifaceted intersections of this disruptive technology with nuclear s...
http://doras.dcu.ie/25512/
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Artificial intelligence: a threat to strategic stability
(2020)
Johnson, James
Artificial intelligence: a threat to strategic stability
(2020)
Johnson, James
Abstract:
AI-augmented conventional capabilities might affect strategic stability between great military powers. The nuanced, multifaceted possible intersections of this emerging technology with a range of advanced conventional weapons can compromise nuclear capabilities, thus amplifying the potentially destabilizing effects of these weapons. This article argues that a new generation of artificial intelligence—enhanced conventional capabilities will exacerbate the risk of inadvertent escalation caused by the commingling nuclear and nonnuclear weapons. The increasing speed of warfare will also undermine strategic stability and increase the risk of nuclear confrontation.
http://doras.dcu.ie/25503/
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Artificial intelligence: drone swarming and escalation risks in future warfare
(2020)
Johnson, James
Artificial intelligence: drone swarming and escalation risks in future warfare
(2020)
Johnson, James
Abstract:
The rapid proliferation of a new generation of artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented and -enabled autonomous weapon systems (AWS), most notably drones used in swarming tactics, could have a significant impact on deterrence, nuclear security, escalation and strategic stability in future warfare. James Johnson argues that emerging iterations of AWS fused with AI systems will presage a powerful interplay of increased range, accuracy, mass, coordination, intelligence and speed in a future conflict. In turn, the risk of escalatory use-them-or-lose-them situations between nuclear-armed military powers and the attendant dangers posed by the use of unreliable, unverified and unsafe AWS will increase, with potentially catastrophic strategic outcomes.
http://doras.dcu.ie/25505/
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As the world turned upside down: Left intellectuals in Yugoslavia, 1988–90
(2017)
Sheehan, Helena
As the world turned upside down: Left intellectuals in Yugoslavia, 1988–90
(2017)
Sheehan, Helena
Abstract:
For decades, we had staked out various positions on “actually existing socialism,” a debate where sometimes static arguments on both right and left were ritually reenacted. Now the process was going off the rails in an unknown direction. A tired tale was transmuting into a thriller.
http://doras.dcu.ie/22347/
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Attitudes to and visions of civil society/state relations in Central America: implications for sustainable development
(2010)
Cannon, Barry; Hume, Mo
Attitudes to and visions of civil society/state relations in Central America: implications for sustainable development
(2010)
Cannon, Barry; Hume, Mo
Abstract:
This paper will present results of a research project on civil society held in three Central American states, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras, in July and August, 2009, as part of the Irish Aid funded and DCU led Active Citizenship in Central America project. The paper is based on a wide range of events and interviews held in these three countries, with five distinct populations, many of them involved in the Active Citizenship Project: students of NGO Management and Municipal Leadership Diplomas funded by the project; university staff from the three partner and associate universities giving these courses; local NGO directors; local community groups; government officials. The main question framing these activities was: what is the current relation between the state and civil society in the three project countries in the context of the move to the left in Latin America? Results are examined in terms of future trends for civil society/state relations in these countries and their im...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15101/
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Automatic Translation, Context, and Supervised Learning in Comparative Politics
(2020)
Courtney, Michael; Breen, Michael; McMenamin, Iain; McNulty, Gemma
Automatic Translation, Context, and Supervised Learning in Comparative Politics
(2020)
Courtney, Michael; Breen, Michael; McMenamin, Iain; McNulty, Gemma
Abstract:
This paper proves that automatic translation of multilingual newspaper documents deters neither human nor computer classification of political concepts. We show how theory-driven coding of newspaper text can be automated in several languages by monolingual researchers. Supervised machine learning is successfully applied to text in English from British, Spanish and German sources. The paper has three main findings. First, results from human coding directly in a foreign language do not differ from coding computer-translated text. Second, humans can code translated text as well as they can code untranslated prose in their mother tongue. Third, machine learning based on translated Spanish and German training sets can reproduce human coding as accurately as a system learning from English training sets.
http://doras.dcu.ie/24233/
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Between citizenship and clientship: the politics of participatory governance in Malawi.
(2010)
Gaynor, Niamh
Between citizenship and clientship: the politics of participatory governance in Malawi.
(2010)
Gaynor, Niamh
Abstract:
In the twenty years since the post-Cold War wave of democratisation spread across Africa, experiments in participatory governance have revealed fundamental contradictions between their normative bases and their practical application on the ground. Responding to calls for a greater focus on ‘the politics of everyday life’ including the actions of local actors in the context of less-westernised aspects of indigenous political culture, and drawing on the experiences and actions, over a six year period, of the principal civic network involved initially in Malawi’s PRS process, this paper illustrates how contemporary Malawian politics at local level comprises a complex mix of the old and the new. Charting the evolving agency and activities of network members at district level, the paper demonstrates how, in the ongoing struggles for resources for everyday life, normative discourses of participation and representation are combined with more traditional cultures and practices in shaping...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16217/
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Book review: South Africa pushed to the limit by Hein Marais
(2011)
Sheehan, Helena
Book review: South Africa pushed to the limit by Hein Marais
(2011)
Sheehan, Helena
http://doras.dcu.ie/16846/
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Borders and violence in Burundi: regional responses, global responsibilities
(2021)
Gaynor, Niamh
Borders and violence in Burundi: regional responses, global responsibilities
(2021)
Gaynor, Niamh
Abstract:
Situated within the volatile Great Lakes region of Africa, Burundi has suffered decades of violence, displacement and re-displacement. As violence and insecurity continues, most notably following a third term bid in 2015 by the country’s President, an estimated 400,000- 500,000 have been re-displaced, mostly across regional borders into neighbouring Tanzania, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. This chapter exploresthe complex root causes of this ongoing violence, together with regional and global responses to this. Highlighting the role played by international actors and institutions in setting the ground for and sustaining the violence, it argues for a globalised politics of responsibility in responding to the ensuing crisis.
http://doras.dcu.ie/25506/
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Brexit and the changing international and domestic perspectives of sovereignty over Northern Ireland
(2019)
Connolly, Eileen; Doyle, John
Brexit and the changing international and domestic perspectives of sovereignty over Northern Ireland
(2019)
Connolly, Eileen; Doyle, John
Abstract:
This article argues that the recognition of sovereignty over Northern Ireland, internationally, and within Ireland, has shifted in the aftermath of the 2016 Brexit referendum. The framework that governs this relationship between Ireland, the UK and Northern Ireland was redefined with the signing of the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) in 1998. In the altered political circumstances of the Brexit negotiations, this redefinition has produced unanticipated consequences. First, it underpinned the high level of support given to the Irish government and to the provisions of the GFA by the EU as an institution, and by EU member states, manifested in the refusal of the EU to negotiate a land border on the island of Ireland. For the UK this was an unforeseen outcome as its negotiation strategy was based on the EU prioritising the importance of accessing the UK economy over Irish claims under the GFA. Second, the undermining of the political stability and relative consensus created by the GFA has ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/25492/
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Brexit and the Irish border
(2019)
Connolly, Eileen; Doyle, John
Brexit and the Irish border
(2019)
Connolly, Eileen; Doyle, John
Abstract:
The question of the Irish land border was the most problematic aspect of the negotiations on the United Kingdom's (UK) withdrawal from the European Union (EU). The Irish border aspects of the Brexit negotiations have demonstrated that the border and the maintenance of the Good Friday Agreement is not just an issue for British-Irish relations, but one that now has a strong EU dimension. This article analyses the political impact of alternative proposals tabled during the Brexit negotiations on Northern Ireland and the question of the Irish Border. It places this discussion in the post-conflict context and in the highly politicised nature of the Brexit referendum debate in Northern Ireland. It examines how the issue was framed, following a tortuous negotiation process, in the draft Withdrawal Agreement of 2018 and the ultimate failure of the UK government to ratify that agreement in Parliament. It evaluates the political impacts of the crisis in British politics caused by Brexit ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/25537/
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Bringing EU citizens together or pulling them apart? The European Health Insurance Card, east–west mobility, and the failed promise of European social integration
(2020)
Stan, Sabina; Roland, Erne; Susan, Gannon
Bringing EU citizens together or pulling them apart? The European Health Insurance Card, east–west mobility, and the failed promise of European social integration
(2020)
Stan, Sabina; Roland, Erne; Susan, Gannon
Abstract:
Although the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) was meant to bring Europeans together, this study shows that it is amplifying social inequalities across regions and classes. First, we evaluate the effects of east–west EHIC mobility, and of Eastern Europeans’ participation in it, on the practice of EU social citizenship rights to access cross-border care along spatial (east–west) and social class divides. We then assess the impact of these mobilities on healthcare resources in Western and Eastern Europe. Our findings show that the EHIC reinforces rather than reduces the spatially and socially uneven access to social citizenship rights to cross-border care. Moreover, EHIC patient outflows from Eastern to Western Europe result in a much higher relative financial burden for the budgets of Eastern European states than outflows from Western to Eastern Europe do for Western European countries. As a result, east–west EHIC mobility is reproducing rather than reversing healthcare inequalit...
http://doras.dcu.ie/25095/
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Dublin City University (194)
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