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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 97 on page 1 of 4
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'There need to be a balance': mental health nurses' perspectives on medication education in university and clinical practice
(2019)
Goodwin, John; Kilty, Caroline; Harman, Mark; Horgan, Aine
'There need to be a balance': mental health nurses' perspectives on medication education in university and clinical practice
(2019)
Goodwin, John; Kilty, Caroline; Harman, Mark; Horgan, Aine
Abstract:
Working with medication is an important role of the mental health nurse. However, little research has focused on staff nurses’ perspectives on where the responsibility lies for preparing student nurses for safe, competent medication management. This study investigated mental health nurses’ perspectives on medication education. An interpretive descriptive approach was used. Two focus groups were conducted, and data were analysed using inductive content analysis. It was found that participants embraced a medical approach to servicer user care, with less positive attitudes demonstrated towards psychosocial approaches. There were also tensions expressed between clinical practice and the university, with uncertainty voiced about whose responsibility it was to educate students about medication management. It is important that both environments complement each other in order to enhance the student nurse educational experience. While mental health nurses should be educated in this area to p...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/8582
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A comparative study of the molecular evolution of signalling pathway members across olfactory, gustatory and photosensory modalities
(2013)
He, Chao; Fitzpatrick, David A.; O'Halloran, Damien M.
A comparative study of the molecular evolution of signalling pathway members across olfactory, gustatory and photosensory modalities
(2013)
He, Chao; Fitzpatrick, David A.; O'Halloran, Damien M.
Abstract:
All sensory modalities serve a similar objective, which is to decode input by making predictions in time and space about an animal’s surroundings. The evolution of sensory modalities is driven by the need to shape effective behavioural outputs, and in turn increase survival. Throughout evolution, sensory systems have undergone a great deal of specialization; and even though some modalities are derived from unique origins within different phyla, they still exhibit many common design features (Strausfeld and Hildebrand 1999; Eisthen 2002; Jacobs et al. 2007). We now have detailed mechanistic data on how sensory systems operate within specific animals (Buck and Axel 1991; Chalasani et al. 2007; Sato et al. 2008; Wicher et al. 2008), however it is still not clear how sensory signalling pathways evolve at the molecular level, and whether these evolutionary mechanisms are shared between diverse taxa. Here we set out to investigate the molecular evolution of signalling pathway members acro...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/6259/
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A finite element study of microstructure-sensitive plasticity and crack nucleation in fretting
(2018)
McCarthy, O.J.; McGarry, J.P.; Leen, Sean B.
A finite element study of microstructure-sensitive plasticity and crack nucleation in fretting
(2018)
McCarthy, O.J.; McGarry, J.P.; Leen, Sean B.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12721
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A general catch comparison method for multi-gear trials: application to a quad-rig trawling fishery fornephrops
(2018)
Browne, D.; Minto, C.; Cosgrove, R.; Burke, B.; McDonald, D.; Officer, R.; Keatinge, M.
A general catch comparison method for multi-gear trials: application to a quad-rig trawling fishery fornephrops
(2018)
Browne, D.; Minto, C.; Cosgrove, R.; Burke, B.; McDonald, D.; Officer, R.; Keatinge, M.
Abstract:
Expeditious uptake of quad-rig trawling in the economically important Irish fishery for Nephrops norvegicus outpaced technical understanding of this newly introduced gear. The main driver for its introduction is increased catch rates of Nephrops. Higher Nephrops discard rates associated with quad-rig trawling are likely to be problematic under the landing obligation unless size selectivity can be improved. Catch comparison methods are suitable for assessing the performance of fishing gear modifications to reduce discards. Utilizing a quadrig potentially increases the number of gears that can be included in a catch comparison study to four but current modeling methods are limited to two gears. Our study provides a new general multinomial mixed effects modeling framework that can be applied to two or more gears, elucidates how case-specific and choice-specific covariates may influence catch at length, and facilitates discussion on appropriate gear based management measures. Applicatio...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10561
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A multistage selective weighting method for improved microwave breast tomography
(2017)
Shahzad, Atif; O'Halloran, Martin; Jones, Edward; Glavin, Martin
A multistage selective weighting method for improved microwave breast tomography
(2017)
Shahzad, Atif; O'Halloran, Martin; Jones, Edward; Glavin, Martin
Abstract:
Microwave tomography has shown potential to successfully reconstruct the dielectric properties of the human breast, thereby providing an alternative to other imaging modalities used in breast imaging applications. Considering the costly forward solution and complex iterative algorithms, computational complexity becomes a major bottleneck in practical applications of microwave tomography. In addition, the natural tendency of microwave inversion algorithms to reward high contrast breast tissue boundaries, such as the skin-adipose interface, usually leads to a very slow reconstruction of the internal tissue structure of human breast. This paper presents a multistage selective weighting method to improve the reconstruction quality of breast dielectric properties and minimize the computational cost of microwave breast tomography. In the proposed two stage approach, the skin layer is approximated using scaled microwave measurements in the first pass of the inversion algorithm; a numerical...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6343
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A multistage selective weighting method for improved microwave breast tomography
(2018)
Shahzad, Atif; O’Halloran, Martin; Jones, Edward; Glavin, Martin
A multistage selective weighting method for improved microwave breast tomography
(2018)
Shahzad, Atif; O’Halloran, Martin; Jones, Edward; Glavin, Martin
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13874
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A novel statistical method for assessing effective adherence to medication and calculating optimal drug dosages.
(2018)
Greene, Garrett; Costello, Richard W; Cushen, Breda; Sulaiman, Imran; MacHale, Elaine; ...
A novel statistical method for assessing effective adherence to medication and calculating optimal drug dosages.
(2018)
Greene, Garrett; Costello, Richard W; Cushen, Breda; Sulaiman, Imran; MacHale, Elaine; Conroy, Ronan M, Professor; Doyle, Frank
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195663">https://journals.plos.org</a></p>
<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> We derive a novel model-based metric for effective adherence to medication, and validate it using data from the INhaler Compliance Assessment device (INCATM). This technique employs dose timing data to estimate the threshold drug concentration needed to maintain optimal health.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The parameters of the model are optimised against patient outcome data using maximum likelihood methods. The model is fitted and validated by secondary analysis of two independent datasets from two remote-monitoring studies of adherence, conducted through clinical research centres of 5 Irish hospitals. Training data came from a cohort of asthma patients (~ 47,000 samples from 218 patients). Validation data is fro...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/medart/106
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A Plea for More Theory in Molecular Biology
(2006)
Wolkenhauer, O.; Mesarovic, M.; Wellstead, P.
A Plea for More Theory in Molecular Biology
(2006)
Wolkenhauer, O.; Mesarovic, M.; Wellstead, P.
Abstract:
The integrationist principles of systems theory have proven hugely successful in the physical sciences and engineering. It is an underlying assumption made in the systems approach to biology that they can also be used to understand biological phenomena at the level of an entire organism or organ. Within this holistic vision, the vastmajority of systems biology research projects investigate phenomena at the level of the cell, with the belief that unifying principles established at the most basic level can establish a framework within which we may understand phenomena at higher levels of organization. In this spirit, and to use a celestial analogy, if a disease effecting an organ or entire body is our universe of discourse, then the cell is the star we gaze at. In building an understanding of disease and the effect of drugs, systems biology makes an implicit assumption about direct causal entailment between cell function and physiology. A skeptic might argue that this is about the sam...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/943/
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A prediction of cell differentiation and proliferation within a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold subjected to mechanical strain and perfusive fluid flow.
(2010)
Stops, Adam JF; Heraty, K B; Browne, M; O'Brien, Fergal J; McHugh, P E
A prediction of cell differentiation and proliferation within a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold subjected to mechanical strain and perfusive fluid flow.
(2010)
Stops, Adam JF; Heraty, K B; Browne, M; O'Brien, Fergal J; McHugh, P E
Abstract:
This article is also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation can be influenced by biophysical stimuli imparted by the host scaffold. Yet, causal relationships linking scaffold strain magnitudes and inlet fluid velocities to specific cell responses are thus far underdeveloped. This investigation attempted to simulate cell responses in a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold within a bioreactor. CG scaffold deformation was simulated using micro-computed tomography (CT) and an in-house finite element solver (FEEBE/linear). Similarly, the internal fluid velocities were simulated using the afore-mentioned microCT dataset with a computational fluid dynamics solver (ANSYS/CFX). From the ensuing cell-level mechanics, albeit octahedral shear strain or fluid velocity, the proliferation and differentiation of the representative cells were predicted from deterministic functions. Cell proliferation patterns concurred with previous experiments...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/anatart/20
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A prediction of cell differentiation and proliferation within a collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffold subjected to mechanical strain and perfusive fluid flow
(2018)
Stops, A.J.F.; Heraty, K.B.; Browne, M.; O'Brien, F.J.; McHugh, P.E.
A prediction of cell differentiation and proliferation within a collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffold subjected to mechanical strain and perfusive fluid flow
(2018)
Stops, A.J.F.; Heraty, K.B.; Browne, M.; O'Brien, F.J.; McHugh, P.E.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14030
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A randomised controlled trial of a lengthened and multi-disciplinary consultation model in a socially deprived community: a study protocol.
(2007)
Whitford, David L; Chan, Wai-Sun
A randomised controlled trial of a lengthened and multi-disciplinary consultation model in a socially deprived community: a study protocol.
(2007)
Whitford, David L; Chan, Wai-Sun
Abstract:
<p>This article is also available at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/8/38</p>
<p>BACKGROUND: There has been little development of the general practice consultation over the years, and many aspects of the present consultation do not serve communities with multiple health and social problems well. Many of the problems presenting to general practitioners in socio-economically disadvantaged areas are not amenable to a purely medical solution, and would particularly benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. Socio-economic deprivation is also associated with those very factors (more psychosocial problems, greater need for health promotion, more chronic diseases, more need for patient enablement) that longer consultations have been shown to address. This paper describes our study protocol, which aims to evaluate whether a lengthened multidisciplinary primary care team consultation with families in a socially deprived area can improve the psychological health o...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/fcmmubart/3
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Accuracy of mean-field theory for dynamics on real-world networks
(2012)
Gleeson, James P.; Melnik, Sergey; Ward, Jonathan A; Porter, Mason A; Murcha, Peter J
Accuracy of mean-field theory for dynamics on real-world networks
(2012)
Gleeson, James P.; Melnik, Sergey; Ward, Jonathan A; Porter, Mason A; Murcha, Peter J
Abstract:
Mean-field analysis is an important tool for understanding dynamics on complex networks. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the question of whether mean-field predictions are accurate, and this is particularly true for real-world networks with clustering and modular structure. In this paper, we compare mean-field predictions to numerical simulation results for dynamical processes running on 21 real-world networks and demonstrate that the accuracy of such theory depends not only on the mean degree of the networks but also on the mean first-neighbor degree. We show that mean-field theory can give (unexpectedly) accurate results for certain dynamics on disassortative real-world networks even when the mean degree is as low as 4.
PUBLISHED
peer-reviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4453
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Accurately assessing the risk of schizophrenia conferred by rare copy-number variation affecting genes with brain function.
(2010)
Raychaudhuri, Soumya; Korn, Joshua M; McCarroll, Steven A A; The International Schizoph...
Accurately assessing the risk of schizophrenia conferred by rare copy-number variation affecting genes with brain function.
(2010)
Raychaudhuri, Soumya; Korn, Joshua M; McCarroll, Steven A A; The International Schizophrenia Consortium; Altshuler, David; Sklar, Pamela; Purcell, Shaun; Daly, Mark J
Abstract:
<p>John Waddington, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, RCSI is a member of The International Schizophrenia Consortium.<br />This article is also available at http://www.plosgenetics.org/.</p>
<p>Investigators have linked rare copy number variation (CNVs) to neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. One hypothesis is that CNV events cause disease by affecting genes with specific brain functions. Under these circumstances, we expect that CNV events in cases should impact brain-function genes more frequently than those events in controls. Previous publications have applied "pathway" analyses to genes within neuropsychiatric case CNVs to show enrichment for brain-functions. While such analyses have been suggestive, they often have not rigorously compared the rates of CNVs impacting genes with brain function in cases to controls, and therefore do not address important confounders such as the large size of brain genes and...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/mctart/35
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a conformational disease associated with lung and liver manifestations.
(2008)
Greene, Catherine M; Miller, Stanley DW; Carroll, Tomás; McLean, Caitriona; O'Maho...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a conformational disease associated with lung and liver manifestations.
(2008)
Greene, Catherine M; Miller, Stanley DW; Carroll, Tomás; McLean, Caitriona; O'Mahony, Michael; Lawless, Matthew W; O'Neill, Shane J; Taggart, Clifford C; McElvaney, Noel G
Abstract:
<p>The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com</p>
<p>Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serine anti-protease produced chiefly by the liver. A1AT deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by serum levels of less than 11 mumol/L and is associated with liver and lung manifestations. The liver disease, which occurs in up to 15% of A1AT-deficient individuals, is a result of toxic gain-of-function mutations in the A1AT gene, which cause the A1AT protein to fold aberrantly and accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. The lung disease is associated with loss-of-function, specifically decreased anti-protease protection on the airway epithelial surface. The so-called 'Z' mutation in A1AT deficiency encodes a glutamic acid-to-lysine substitution at position 342 in A1AT and is the most common A1AT allele associated with disease. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of A1AT deficiency and the be...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/medart/7
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An assessment of bird species within irish agricultural landscapes using the field boundary evaluation and grading system
(2018)
McMahon, Barry J.; Sheridan, Helen; Kinsella, Anne; Purvis, Gordon
An assessment of bird species within irish agricultural landscapes using the field boundary evaluation and grading system
(2018)
McMahon, Barry J.; Sheridan, Helen; Kinsella, Anne; Purvis, Gordon
Abstract:
Capsule The Field Boundary Evaluation and Grading System (FBEGS) is a useful predictor of bird populations found in field boundaries located in southeast Ireland. Aims To assess the potential of FBEGS to evaluate the ecological quality of field boundaries in agricultural ecosystems and as a tool for the measurement of bird populations within field boundaries. Methods Surveys of bird populations were made in selected field boundaries on 50 farms in southeast Ireland in winter and during the breeding season. FBEGS surveys were also carried out on field boundaries to assess ecological quality. GLMs were fitted to assess the utility of the FBEGS Index as a predictor of bird populations. Results The FBEGS Index was an effective predictor of bird populations in the breeding season, but had limited use in predicting bird populations in winter. Within the overall FBEGS Index, the Associated Features score was a good predictor for populations in both the winter and breeding seasons. In addit...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12828
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An improved state filter algorithm for SIR epidemic forecasting
(2016)
Huang, Weipeng; Provan, Gregory
An improved state filter algorithm for SIR epidemic forecasting
(2016)
Huang, Weipeng; Provan, Gregory
Abstract:
In epidemic modeling, state filtering is an excellent tool for enhancing the performance of traditional epidemic models. We introduce a novel state filter algorithm to further improve the performance of state-of-the-art approaches based on Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models. The proposed algorithm merges two techniques, which are typically used separately: linear correction, as seen in the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), and resampling, as used in the Particle Filter (PF). We compare the inferential accuracy of our approach against the EnKF and the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF), using algorithms employing both an uncentered co-variance matrix (UCM) and the standard column-centered covariance matrix (CCM). Our algorithm requires O(DN) more time than EnKF does, where D is the ensemble dimension and N denotes the ensemble size. We demonstrate empirically that our algorithm with UCM achieves the lowest root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and the highest correlation coeffici...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3769
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An Interdisciplinary 4th Level Education Model: Connected Health
(2017)
Mountford, Nicola; Kessie, Threase; Watts, Gemma; Cusack, Tara; et al.
An Interdisciplinary 4th Level Education Model: Connected Health
(2017)
Mountford, Nicola; Kessie, Threase; Watts, Gemma; Cusack, Tara; et al.
Abstract:
3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd' 17), Valencia, Spain, 21-23 June 2017
This paper responds to the need for interdisciplinary approaches to fourth level education that better reflect the complexity of the world in which we work and conduct research. We discuss this need in technology-enabled healthcare, Connected Health. We propose a model for fourth level interdisciplinary education and discuss its trial application in two European structured PhD programmes in the Connected Health research arena. We suggest broader learning objectives for the emerging fourth level graduate, methods of incorporating multiple disciplinary inputs and perspectives into deep disciplinary PhD training, intersectoral approaches to ensure employability and impact, and innovative training methods and structures to facilitate interdisciplinary and intersectoral learning. We give some examples of innovative training modules used within the pilot programmes. Finally we d...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8517
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An introduction to system dynamics
(2017)
Duggan, Jim
An introduction to system dynamics
(2017)
Duggan, Jim
Abstract:
This chapter presents the important concepts underlying the system dynamics modeling method. Following an initial definition of the term model, a summary of a successful system dynamics intervention is described. The key concepts of system dynamics stocks and flows are explained. The process for simulating stock and flow models integral calculus is described, with an example of a company s customer base used to illustrate how stocks change, through their flows, over time. A summary of dimensional analysis for stock and flow equations is provided before the second feature of system dynamics modeling feedback is presented. The chapter concludes by summarizing the system dynamics meth-odology, which is a five-stage iterative process that guides model design, devel-opment, test and policy design.
Peer reviewed
2017-06-15
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6375
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Angiogenic and cell survival functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
(2005)
Byrne, Anne Marie; Bouchier-Hayes, David J; Harmey, Judith H
Angiogenic and cell survival functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
(2005)
Byrne, Anne Marie; Bouchier-Hayes, David J; Harmey, Judith H
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at <a href="http://www.jcmm.ro">www.jcmm.ro</a></p>
<p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally identified as an endothelial cell specific growth factor stimulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Some family members, VEGF C and D, are specifically involved in lymphangiogenesis. It now appears that VEGF also has autocrine functions acting as a survival factor for tumour cells protecting them from stresses such as hypoxia, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mechanisms of action of VEGF are still being investigated with emerging insights into overlapping pathways and cross-talk between other receptors such as the neuropilins which were not previously associated with angiogenesis. VEGF plays an important role in embryonic development and angiogenesis during wound healing and menstrual cycle in the healthy adult. VEGF is also important in a number of both malignant and non-malignant ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/surgart/25
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Application of face centred central composite design to optimise compression force and tablet diameter for the formulation of mechanically strong and fast disintegrating orodispersible tablets.
(2012)
Pabari, Ritesh M; Ramtoola, Zebunnissa
Application of face centred central composite design to optimise compression force and tablet diameter for the formulation of mechanically strong and fast disintegrating orodispersible tablets.
(2012)
Pabari, Ritesh M; Ramtoola, Zebunnissa
Abstract:
<p>The original article is also available at <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517312002438" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517312002438</a></p>
<p>A two factor, three level (3(2)) face centred, central composite design (CCD) was applied to investigate the main and interaction effects of tablet diameter and compression force (CF) on hardness, disintegration time (DT) and porosity of mannitol based orodispersible tablets (ODTs). Tablet diameters of 10, 13 and 15 mm, and CF of 10, 15 and 20 kN were studied. Results of multiple linear regression analysis show that both the tablet diameter and CF influence tablet characteristics. A negative value of regression coefficient for tablet diameter showed an inverse relationship with hardness and DT. A positive value of regression coefficient for CF indicated an increase in hardness and DT with increasing CF as a result of ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/spharmart/7
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Arsenic in groundwater in south west Ireland: Occurrence, controls, and hydrochemistry
(2020)
McGrory, Ellen; Holian, Emma; Alvarez-Iglesias, Alberto; Bargary, Norma; McGillicuddy, ...
Arsenic in groundwater in south west Ireland: Occurrence, controls, and hydrochemistry
(2020)
McGrory, Ellen; Holian, Emma; Alvarez-Iglesias, Alberto; Bargary, Norma; McGillicuddy, Eoin J.; Henry, Tiernan; Daly, Eve; Morrison, Liam
Abstract:
Globally numerous regions have been identified with elevated arsenic within groundwater which can result in potential adverse health risks. In Ireland, a previous national-scale research assessment of groundwater identified isolated clusters of elevated arsenic and indicated that lithology was a major controlling factor on arsenic in groundwater. Complementary comparisons of national-scale and regional-scale groundwater assessments of arsenic are lacking in Europe when compared to other global regions. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the value of a regional-scale groundwater hydrochemistry dataset with an existing national-scale approach, describe anomalies that can become the focus of attention for public health and economic reasons, and to provide a wider context for arsenic in groundwater within Ireland and Europe. Regional-scale data using 470 locations comprising 1,493 analyses using several hydrochemical parameters (arsenic, pH, conductivity, iron, manganese, sodium...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15917
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Aspergillus-associated airway disease, inflammation, and the innate immune response.
(2013)
Chotirmall, Sanjay H; Al-Alawi, Mazen; Mirković, Bojana; Lavelle, Gillian M; Logan, Mar...
Aspergillus-associated airway disease, inflammation, and the innate immune response.
(2013)
Chotirmall, Sanjay H; Al-Alawi, Mazen; Mirković, Bojana; Lavelle, Gillian M; Logan, Mark P; Greene, Catherine M; McElvaney, Noel G
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available <a href="https://www.hindawi.com">www.hindawi.com</a></p>
<p>Aspergillus moulds exist ubiquitously as spores that are inhaled in large numbers daily. Whilst most are removed by anatomical barriers, disease may occur in certain circumstances. Depending on the underlying state of the human immune system, clinical consequences can ensue ranging from an excessive immune response during allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis to the formation of an aspergilloma in the immunocompetent state. The severest infections occur in those who are immunocompromised where invasive pulmonary aspergillosis results in high mortality rates. The diagnosis of Aspergillus-associated pulmonary disease is based on clinical, radiological, and immunological testing. An understanding of the innate and inflammatory consequences of exposure to Aspergillus species is critical in accounting for disease manifestations and preventing seq...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/medart/92
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Balanced harvesting can emerge from fishing decisions by individual fishers in a small-scale fishery
(2018)
Plank, Michael J; Kolding, Jeppe; Law, Richard; Gerritsen, Hans D; Reid, David
Balanced harvesting can emerge from fishing decisions by individual fishers in a small-scale fishery
(2018)
Plank, Michael J; Kolding, Jeppe; Law, Richard; Gerritsen, Hans D; Reid, David
Abstract:
Catching fish in proportion to their productivity, termed balanced harvesting, has been suggested as a basis for the ecosystem approach to fishing. Balanced harvesting has been criticized as uneconomical and unachievable because of the level of micromanagement it would require. Here, we investigate the consequences of allowing a fixed number of fishers in a small-scale fishery to choose what size fish to attempt to catch. We examine this from a game-theoretic perspective and test our predictions using an agent-based model for fishers' decisions coupled with a size-spectrum model for the dynamics of a single fish species. We show that smallscale gillnet fishers, operating without size-based regulations, would end up catching small and large fish in proportion to their productivity, in other words balanced harvesting. This is significant because it shows that, far from being unachievable, balanced harvesting can emerge without external intervention under some circumstances. Contr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13492
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Characterizing the diverse mutational pathways associated with r5-tropic maraviroc resistance: hiv-1 that uses the drug-bound ccr5 coreceptor
(2018)
Jiang, Xiaowei; Feyertag, Felix; Meehan, Conor J.; McCormack, Grace P.; Travers, Simon ...
Characterizing the diverse mutational pathways associated with r5-tropic maraviroc resistance: hiv-1 that uses the drug-bound ccr5 coreceptor
(2018)
Jiang, Xiaowei; Feyertag, Felix; Meehan, Conor J.; McCormack, Grace P.; Travers, Simon A.; Craig, Charles; Westby, Mike; Lewis, Marilyn; Robertson, David L.
Abstract:
Entry inhibitors represent a potent class of antiretroviral drugs that target a host cell protein, CCR5, an HIV-1 entry coreceptor, and not viral protein. Lack of sensitivity can occur due to preexisting virus that uses the CXCR4 coreceptor, while true resistance occurs through viral adaptation to use a drug-bound CCR5 coreceptor. To understand this R5 resistance pathway, we analyzed &gt;500 envelope protein sequences and phenotypes from viruses of 20 patients from the clinical trials MOTIVATE 1 and 2, in which treatment-experienced patients received maraviroc plus optimized background therapy. The resistant viral population was phylogenetically distinct and associated with a genetic bottleneck in each patient, consistent with de novo emergence of resistance. Recombination analysis showed that the C2-V3-C3 region tends to genotypically correspond to the recombinant's phenotype, indicating its primary importance in conferring resistance. Between patients, there was a not...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12093
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Charge profile analysis reveals that activation of pro-apoptotic regulators Bax and Bak relies on charge transfer mediated allosteric regulation.
(2012)
Ionescu, Crina-Maria; Svobodová Vařeková, Radka; Prehn, Jochen HM; Huber, Heinrich J; K...
Charge profile analysis reveals that activation of pro-apoptotic regulators Bax and Bak relies on charge transfer mediated allosteric regulation.
(2012)
Ionescu, Crina-Maria; Svobodová Vařeková, Radka; Prehn, Jochen HM; Huber, Heinrich J; Koča, Jaroslav
Abstract:
<p>This article is also available at <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002565">http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002565</a></p>
<p>The pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak are essential for executing programmed cell death (apoptosis), yet the mechanism of their activation is not properly understood at the structural level. For the first time in cell death research, we calculated intra-protein charge transfer in order to study the structural alterations and their functional consequences during Bax activation. Using an electronegativity equalization model, we investigated the changes in the Bax charge profile upon activation by a functional peptide of its natural activator protein, Bim. We found that charge reorganizations upon activator binding mediate the exposure of the functional sites of Bax, rendering Bax active. The affinity of the Bax C-domain for it...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/physiolart/32
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2005 (1)
2004 (1)
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