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Subject = Neutrality;
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Displaying Results 1 - 16 of 16 on page 1 of 1
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'We are trying to do our share': the construction of positive neutrality and Irish post-war relief to Europe
(2016)
O'Driscoll, Mervyn
'We are trying to do our share': the construction of positive neutrality and Irish post-war relief to Europe
(2016)
O'Driscoll, Mervyn
Abstract:
This paper explores aspects of Ireland's post-war relief programme, including the provision of relief to Germany. Irish efforts in the immediate aftermath of World War Two should inform the wider debates about the nature of Irish neutrality and Ireland's relationship with the post-war world, but they are overlooked in the major analyses on Ireland and 'the Emergency'. The provision of relief on the basis of need led to the diagnosis that Germany deserved relief just as the other war-torn countries did. This article argues that many factors intertwined in the instigation and sustenance of the relief programme to Europe. The Irish project was unprecedented in the history of Irish state and popular humanitarianism.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3926
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Altering the granularity of neutrality in a multi-layered genetic algorithm
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Altering the granularity of neutrality in a multi-layered genetic algorithm
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Abstract:
By adopting a basic interpretation of the biological processes of transcription and translation, the multilayered GA (MGA) introduces a genotype-phenotype mapping for a haploid genotype, which allows the granularity of the representation to be tuned. The paper examines the impact of altering the level of neutrality through changes in the granularity of the representation and compares the performance of a standard GA (SGA) to that of a number of multi-layered GAs, each with a different level of neutrality, over both static and changing environments. Initial results indicate that it appears advantageous to include a multi-layered, biologically motivated genotype-phenotype encoding over more difficult landscapes. The paper also introduces an interpretation of missense mutation, which operates within the genotype-phenotype map (GP-map). Results also suggest that this mutation strategy can assist in tracking the optimum over various landscapes.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14678
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An Irish republican tradition?
(2010)
Garvin, Tom
An Irish republican tradition?
(2010)
Garvin, Tom
Abstract:
Revised version of a paper presented at the IBIS conference “The future of republicanism: confronting theory and practice in contemporary Ireland”, University College Dublin, 7 May 2004
This paper argues that there has indeed been a long-standing republican political tradition in Ireland, dating perhaps from the American and French revolutions and certainly from the 1850s. Intellectually it has been less than coherent, and commonly it has been a very broad church indeed, containing in its ranks constitutional monarchs, communists, near fascists and national democrats. Contrary to modern claims that Irish republicanism has always favoured neutrality, it is pointed out that Irish republicans have commonly favoured alliances with great powers as counterweights to Great Britain. Republican constitutional theory has remained rather underdeveloped and cannot compete for intellectual depth with the mainline Irish political tradition represented by the constitutions of 1922 and 1937. Mo...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2141
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Diversifying techniques and neutrality in genetic algorithms
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Diversifying techniques and neutrality in genetic algorithms
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Abstract:
This paper examines the implicit maintenance of diversity within a population through the inclusion of a layered genotype-phenotype map (GP-map) in a Genetic Algorithm (GA), based on the principal of Neutral theory. The paper compares a simple GA (SGA), incorporating a variety of diversifying techniques, to the multi-layered GA (MGA) as proposed by the authors. The MGA creates a neutral representation by including a layered GP-map based on the biological concepts of Transcription and Translation. In standard GAs, each phenotype is represented by a distinct genotype. However by allowing a higher number of alleles to encode phenotypic information on the genotype, one can create a situation where a number of genotypes may represent the same phenotype. Through this process one can introduce the idea of redundancy or neutrality into the representation. This representation allows for adaptive mutation (hot spots) and silent mutation (cold spots). This combination enables the level of dive...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14676
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Examining the impact of neutrality on genetic algorithm population evolution
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Examining the impact of neutrality on genetic algorithm population evolution
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Abstract:
This paper examines the introduction of neutrality as proposed by Kimura (Kimura, 1968) into the genotype-phenotype mapping of a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The paper looks at the evolution of both a simple GA (SGA) and a multi-layered GA (MGA) incorporating a layered genotype-phenotype mapping based on the biological concepts of Transcription and Translation. Previous research in comparing GAs often use performance statistics; in this paper an analysis of population dynamics is used for comparison. Results illustrate that the MGA population’s evolution trajectory is quite different to that of the SGA population over dynamic landscapes and that the introduction of neutrality implicitly maintains genetic diversity within the population primarily through genetic drift in association with selection.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14677
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How and Why a Bit-Wise Neutrality with and without Locality Affects Evolutionary Search
(2007)
GALVAN-LOPEZ, EDGAR
How and Why a Bit-Wise Neutrality with and without Locality Affects Evolutionary Search
(2007)
GALVAN-LOPEZ, EDGAR
Abstract:
Despite the vast work on neutrality, there are not general conclusions on its effects. In this paper we make an effort to understand how neutrality in uences evolution. For this purpose we will use a type of neutrality that allows locality (which is believed to be a desirable feature of neutrality).
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/57318
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Ireland and Collective Security
(2016)
Tonra, Ben
Ireland and Collective Security
(2016)
Tonra, Ben
Abstract:
The aim of this chapter is to reconsider Irish foreign, security and defence policy in the light of the State’s 50 - year long commitment to the UN’s system of collective security. It will contrast that commitment with Ire land’s ambivalence towards collective defence and will argue that the ‘neutrality’ debate in Ireland is premised upon a misunderstanding of collective security that has the potential to pose major policy challenges.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7630
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Ireland, peacekeeping and policing the 'new world order'.
(2011)
Murphy, Ray
Ireland, peacekeeping and policing the 'new world order'.
(2011)
Murphy, Ray
Abstract:
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the 'Cold War' has given rise to a situation where there is in effect one world 'superpower', the United States of America (US). The so called 'new world order' was intended to unlock the United Nations (UN) mechanism for the maintenance of international peace, and exploit opportunities for peacekeeping and nation building. Instead, there is a perception and fear in the Majority World that the UN is being exploited to police a world order based on the interests of the powerful few. This fear is linked to the lack of success in reforming the Security Council and making it more representative of, and accountable to, the membership of the UN as a whole. Since the inception of UN peacekeeping, the army or 'Defence Forces' of the Irish Republic have played a significant role in such operations. Our acceptability as peacekeepers owed much to our traditional policy of military neutrality and our histor...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1662
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Neutrality in evolutionary algorithms... what do we know?
(2012)
Galván-López, Edgar; Poli, Riccardo; Kattan, Ahmed; O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, An...
Neutrality in evolutionary algorithms... what do we know?
(2012)
Galván-López, Edgar; Poli, Riccardo; Kattan, Ahmed; O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, Anthony
Abstract:
Over the last years, the effects of neutrality have attracted the attention of many researchers in the Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) community. A mutation from one gene to another is considered as neutral if this modification does not affect the phenotype. This article provides a general overview on the work carried out on neutrality in EAs. Using as a framework the origin of neutrality and its study in different paradigms of EAs (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming), we discuss the most significant works and findings on this topic. This work points towards open issues, which the community needs to address.
Science Foundation Ireland
ti, ke, ab, li - TS 02.12 12 month EMBARGO
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3532
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Neutrality in evolutionary algorithms... What do we know?
(2011)
Galván López, Edgar; Poli, Riccardo; Kattan, Ahmed; O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, An...
Neutrality in evolutionary algorithms... What do we know?
(2011)
Galván López, Edgar; Poli, Riccardo; Kattan, Ahmed; O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, Anthony
Abstract:
Over the last years, the effects of neutrality have attracted the attention of many researchers in the Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) community. A mutation from one gene to another is considered as neutral if this modification does not affect the phenotype. This article provides a general overview on the work carried out on neutrality in EAs. Using as a framework the origin of neutrality and its study in different paradigms of EAs (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming), we discuss the most significant works and findings on this topic. This work points towards open issues, which we belive the community needs to address.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/12337/
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Neutrality in mediation: an ambiguous ethical value.
(2014)
Bailey, Paul
Neutrality in mediation: an ambiguous ethical value.
(2014)
Bailey, Paul
Abstract:
Mediator neutrality would appear, by definition, to be a necessary and required ethical principle for all mediators to practice. But what is meant by neutrality in mediation? Is it practically possible to be completely neutral between parties in mediation while at the same time being fair to both of them? This paper attempts to answer these two questions.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4675/
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Neutrality in the balance. Spanish-German relations during the First World War, 1914-1918
(2015)
Rosenbusch, Anne
Neutrality in the balance. Spanish-German relations during the First World War, 1914-1918
(2015)
Rosenbusch, Anne
Abstract:
There is no abstract for this thesis.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/9127/
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Neutrality through transcription and translation in genetic algorithm representation
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Neutrality through transcription and translation in genetic algorithm representation
(2018)
Hill, Seamus; O'Riordan, Colm
Abstract:
This paper examines the use of the biological concepts of transcription and translation, to introduce neutrality into the representation of a genetic algorithm (GA). The aim of the paper is to attempt to identify problem characteristics which may benefit from the inclusion of neutrality, through a basic adaptation of the concepts of transcription and translation, to create a genotype-phenotype map (GP-map) which introduces phenotypic variability. Neutrality can be viewed as a situation where a number of different genotypes represent the same phenotype. A modification of De Jong s classic test suite was used to compare the performance of a simple generic algorithm (SGA) and a multi layered mapping genetic algorithm (MMGA), which incorporates the concepts of transcription and translation into its GP-map. The modified De Jong test suite was chosen as it is well understood and has been used in numerous comparisons over the years, thus allowing us to contrast the performance of the MMGA ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14680
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Security, Defence and Neutrality: The Irish Dilemma
(2016)
Tonra, Ben
Security, Defence and Neutrality: The Irish Dilemma
(2016)
Tonra, Ben
Abstract:
Security and defence has been a somewhat neglected area of study within Irish foreign policy. Only neutrality has gathered significant attention . The aim of this chapter is to place security and d efence policy within the broader context of Irish foreign policy, to assess its roots and its character and to identify the challenges that it faces. In doing so, it will also look at Irish neutrality and how debates surrounding this concept have impacted the conduct of security and defence policy. Finally, it will illustrate how Irish policy has made a lasting and significant impact upon international security in the area of disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation.
Part of book project - MEL 17/05/2016
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7631
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The Effects of Constant and Bit-Wise Neutrality on Problem Hardness, Fitness Distance Correlation and Phenotypic Mutation Rates.
(2011)
GALVAN-LOPEZ, EDGAR
The Effects of Constant and Bit-Wise Neutrality on Problem Hardness, Fitness Distance Correlation and Phenotypic Mutation Rates.
(2011)
GALVAN-LOPEZ, EDGAR
Abstract:
Kimura?s neutral theory of evolution has inspired researchers from the evolutionary computation community to incorporate neutrality into Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) in the hope that it can aid evolution. The effects of neutrality on evolutionary search have been considered in a number of studies, the results of which, however, have been highly contradictory. In this paper, we analyse the reasons for this and we make an effort to shed some light on neutrality by addressing them. We consider two very simple forms of neutrality: constant neutrality ? a neutral network of constant fitness, identically distributed in the whole search space ? and bit-wise neutrality, where each phenotypic bit is obtained by transforming a group of genotypic bits via an encoding function. We study these forms of neutrality both theoretically and empirically (both for standard benchmark functions and a class of random MAX-SAT problems) to see how and why they influence the behaviour and performance of a m...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/57291
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The Future of Ireland's Neutrality and Security
(2005)
Clonan, Tom
The Future of Ireland's Neutrality and Security
(2005)
Clonan, Tom
Abstract:
The future for Ireland’s conventional defence forces and defence and security policy appears set to follow a peculiarly asymmetrical trajectory. On the one hand, Ireland’s skies, land mass and territorial waters lack even the most basic defensive military oversight or protection. On the other hand, in a process that has denied Irish citizens a healthy debate on military neutrality, Ireland’s Defence Forces are being integrated by stealth into the EU’s newly-created military structures. Ireland's defence forces are being integrated into an EU with grand military ambitions. According to the EU St. Malo Declaration of 1998, this grand design involves Europe acquiring the capability to launch 'autonomous' military operations with 'credible military forces' for actions within and without Europe's borders. Ireland's second Nice referendum in October of 2002 formalised Europe’s newly formed EU Military Committee and EU Military Staffs - reporting to th...
https://arrow.dit.ie/aaschmedart/72
Displaying Results 1 - 16 of 16 on page 1 of 1
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Institution
Dublin Institute of Technology (1)
Maynooth University (3)
NUI Galway (5)
Trinity College Dublin (2)
University College Cork (1)
University College Dublin (4)
Item Type
Book chapter (2)
Conference item (5)
Doctoral thesis (1)
Journal article (6)
Working paper (1)
Other (1)
Peer Review Status
Peer-reviewed (10)
Non-peer-reviewed (1)
Unknown (5)
Year
2018 (4)
2016 (3)
2015 (1)
2014 (1)
2012 (1)
2011 (3)
2010 (1)
2007 (1)
2005 (1)
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