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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 30 on page 1 of 2
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A Case-Based Technique for Tracking Concept Drift in Spam Filtering
(2005)
Delany, Sarah Jane; Cunningham, Padraig; Tsymbal, Alexey; Coyle, Lorcan
A Case-Based Technique for Tracking Concept Drift in Spam Filtering
(2005)
Delany, Sarah Jane; Cunningham, Padraig; Tsymbal, Alexey; Coyle, Lorcan
Abstract:
Spam filtering is a particularly challenging machine learning task as the data distribution and concept being learned changes over time. It exhibits a particularly awkward form of concept drift as the change is driven by spammers wishing to circumvent spam filters. In this paper we show that lazy learning techniques are appropriate for such dynamically changing contexts. We present a case-based system for spam filtering that can learn dynamically. We evaluate its performance as the case-base is updated with new cases. We also explore the benefit of periodically redoing the feature selection process to bring new features into play. Our evaluation shows that these two levels of model update are effective in tracking concept drift
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmcart/48
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A Crowdsourcing Approach to Labelling a Mood Induced Speech Corpus
(2012)
Snel, John; Tarasov, Alexey; Cullen, Charlie; Delany, Sarah Jane
A Crowdsourcing Approach to Labelling a Mood Induced Speech Corpus
(2012)
Snel, John; Tarasov, Alexey; Cullen, Charlie; Delany, Sarah Jane
Abstract:
This paper demonstrates the use of crowdsourcing to accumulate ratings from na ̈ıve listeners as a means to provide labels for a naturalistic emotional speech dataset. In order to do so, listening tasks are performed with a rating tool, which is delivered via the web. The rating requirements are based on the classical dimensions, activation and evaluation, presented to the participant as two discretised 5-point scales. Great emphasis is placed on the participant’s overall understanding of the task, and on the ease-of-use of the tool so that labelling accuracy is reinforced. The accumulation process is ongoing with a goal to supply the research community with a publicly available speech corpus.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/97
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A Similarity Matrix for Irish Traditional Dance Music
(2010)
Lavin, Padraic
A Similarity Matrix for Irish Traditional Dance Music
(2010)
Lavin, Padraic
Abstract:
It is estimated that there are between seven and ten thousand Irish traditional dance tunes in existence. As Irish musicians travelled the world they carried their repertoire in their memories and rarely recorded these pieces in writing. When the music was passed down from generation to generation by ear the names of these pieces of music and the melodies themselves were forgotten or changed over time. This has led to problems for musicians and archivists when identifying the names of traditional Irish tunes. Almost all of this music is now available in ABC notation from online collections. An ABC file is a text file containing a transcription of one or more melodies, the tune title, musical key, time signature and other relevant details. The principal aim of this project is to define a process by which Irish music can be compared using string distance algorithms. An online survey will then be conducted to assess if human participants agree with the computer comparisons. Improvement...
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomdis/30
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A Window of Opportunity: Assessing Behavioural Scoring
(2013)
Kennedy, Kenneth; Mac Namee, Brian; Delany, Sarah Jane; O'Sullivan, Michael; Watso...
A Window of Opportunity: Assessing Behavioural Scoring
(2013)
Kennedy, Kenneth; Mac Namee, Brian; Delany, Sarah Jane; O'Sullivan, Michael; Watson, Neil
Abstract:
After credit has been granted, lenders use behavioural scoring to assess the likelihood of default occurring during some specific outcome period. This assessment is based on customers’ repayment performance over a given fixed period. Often the outcome period and fixed performance period are arbitrarily selected, causing instability in making predictions. Behavioural scoring has failed to receive the same attention from researchers as application scoring. The bias for application scoring research can be attributed, in part, to the large volume of data required for behavioural scoring studies. Furthermore, the commercial sensitivities associated with such a large pool of customer data often prohibits the publication of work in this area. This paper focuses on behavioural scoring and evaluates the contrasting effects of altering the performance period and outcome period using 7-years worth of data from the Irish market. The results of this work indicate that a 12-month performance peri...
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomart/18
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Adaptive OFDM for Wireless Interconnect in Confined Enclosures
(2013)
Sipal, Vit; Gelabert, Javier; Stevens, Christopher J.; Allen, Ben; Edwards, David
Adaptive OFDM for Wireless Interconnect in Confined Enclosures
(2013)
Sipal, Vit; Gelabert, Javier; Stevens, Christopher J.; Allen, Ben; Edwards, David
Abstract:
This letter considers and recommends OFDM with adaptive subcarrier modulation as a suitable candidate for wireless UWB communication in computer chassis. A rigorous measurement campaign studies the guaranteed spectral efficiency. It concludes that enhancement of the existing WiMedia OFDM systems with a bandwidth of 528 MHz in order to support adaptive OFDM would enable data-rates above 1 Gbps over short ranges, i.e. the spectral efficiency would be doubled. Moreover, the guaranteed spectral efficiency is shown to increase with bandwidth, i.e. the guaranteed data-rate increases better than linearly with bandwidth.
https://arrow.dit.ie/ahfrcart/47
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Analysis of Data Sets Using Trio Sonification
(2004)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Analysis of Data Sets Using Trio Sonification
(2004)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
Recent advances in technology have suggested that sound and audio play a far greater part in our daily working lives than ever before. Mobile phone ring tones are now based upon polyphonic music sequences that allow relatively complex audio to be generated from a handset by way of conveying information (i.e. a call or message is incoming). This real world example of sonification suggests that far more could be made of sonification techniques for analysis- particularly in the business environment. One advantage of sonification is its relatively hands free nature in that once a sequence is being played it does not necessarily require further input from the user and so the potential exists for applications that could deliver information while other tasks are being performed in tandem. For the definition of the basic principles of Trio sonification an application is being developed that will read in data sets of certain formats (.csv or .xml) and allow the various elements to be sonifie...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/24
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Authentication of Biometric Features using Texture Coding for ID Cards
(2010)
Blackledge, Jonathan; Coyle, Eugene
Authentication of Biometric Features using Texture Coding for ID Cards
(2010)
Blackledge, Jonathan; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
The use of image based information exchange has grown rapidly over the years in terms of both e-to-e image storage and transmission and in terms of maintaining paper documents in electronic form. Further, with the dramatic improvements in the quality of COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) printing and scanning devices, the ability to counterfeit electronic and printed documents has become a widespread problem. Consequently, there has been an increasing demand to develop digital watermarking techniques which can be applied to both electronic and printed images (and documents) that can be authenticated, prevent unauthorized copying of their content and, in the case of printed documents, withstand abuse and degradation before and during scanning. In this paper we consider the background to a novel approach to solving this problem that has been developed into practically realisable system.
https://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/153
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CorpVis: an Online Emotional Speech Corpora Visualisation Interface
(2009)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian
CorpVis: an Online Emotional Speech Corpora Visualisation Interface
(2009)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian
Abstract:
Our research in emotional speech analysis has led to the construction of several dedicated high quality, online corpora of natural emotional speech assets. The requirements for querying, retrieval and organization of assets based on both their metadata descriptors and their analysis data led to the construction of a suitable interface for data visualization and corpus management. The CorpVis interface is intended to assist collaborative work between several speech research groups working with us in this area, allowing online collaboration and distribution of assets to be performed. This paper details the current CorpVis interface into our corpora, and the work performed to achieve this.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/19
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Design and Implementation of an Archetype Based Interoperable Knowledge Eco-system for Data Buoys
(2017)
Stacey, Paul; Berry, Damon
Design and Implementation of an Archetype Based Interoperable Knowledge Eco-system for Data Buoys
(2017)
Stacey, Paul; Berry, Damon
Abstract:
This paper describes the ongoing work of the authors in translating two-level system design techniques used in Health Informatics to the Earth Systems Science domain. Health informaticians have developed a sophisticated two-level systems design approach for electronic health documentation over many years, and with the use of archetypes, have shown how knowledge interoperability among heterogeneous systems can be achieved. Translating two-level modelling techniques to a new domain is a complex task. A proof-of-concept archetype enabled data buoy eco-system is presented. The concept of operational templates-as-a service is proposed. Design recommendations and implementation experiences of re-working the proposed architecture to run on ultra-resource constrained data buoy platforms using templates-as-service are described.
https://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/263
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Emotional Speech Corpora for Analysis and Media Production
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
Emotional Speech Corpora for Analysis and Media Production
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
Abstract:
Research into the acoustic correlates of emotional speech as part of the SALERO project has led to the construction of high quality emotional speech corpora, which contain both IMDI metadata and acoustic analysis data for each asset. Research into semi-automated, re-usable character animation has considered the development of online workflows based on speech corpus assets that would provide a single point of origin for character animation in media production. In this paper, a brief description of the corpus design and construction is given. Further, a prototype workflow for semi-automated emotional character animation is also provided, alongside a description of current and future work.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/18
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Emotional Speech Corpus Construction, Annotation and Distribution
(2008)
Vaughan, Brian; Cullen, Charlie; Kousidis, Spyros; McAuley, John
Emotional Speech Corpus Construction, Annotation and Distribution
(2008)
Vaughan, Brian; Cullen, Charlie; Kousidis, Spyros; McAuley, John
Abstract:
This paper details a process of creating an emotional speech corpus by collecting natural emotional speech assets, analysisng and tagging them (for certain acoustic and linguistic features) and annotating them within an on-line database. The definition of specific metadata for use with an emotional speech corpus is crucial, in that poorly (or inaccurately) annotated assets are of little use in analysis. This problem is compounded by the lack of standardisation for speech corpora, particularly in relation to emotion content. The ISLE Metadata Initiative (IMDI) is the only cohesive attempt at corpus metadata standardisation performed thus far. Although not a comprehensive (or universally adopted) standard, IMDI represents the only current standard for speech corpus metadata available. The adoption of the IMDI standard allows the corpus to be re-used and expanded, in a clear and structured manner, ensuring its re-usability and usefulness as well as addressing issues of data-sparsitiy w...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/92
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Empirical Comparative Analysis of 1-of-K Coding and K-Prototypes in Categorical Clustering
(2016)
Wang, Fei; Franco, Hector; Pugh, John; Ross, Robert
Empirical Comparative Analysis of 1-of-K Coding and K-Prototypes in Categorical Clustering
(2016)
Wang, Fei; Franco, Hector; Pugh, John; Ross, Robert
Abstract:
Clustering is a fundamental machine learning application, which partitions data into homogeneous groups. K-means and its variants are the most widely used class of clustering algorithms today. However, the original k-means algorithm can only be applied to numeric data. For categorical data, the data has to be converted into numeric data through 1-of-K coding which itself causes many problems. K-prototypes, another clustering algorithm that originates from the k-means algorithm, can handle categorical data by adopting a different notion of distance. In this paper, we systematically compare these two methods through an experimental analysis. Our analysis shows that K-prototypes is more suited when the dataset is large-scaled, while the performance of k-means with 1-of-K coding is more stable. We believe these are useful heuristics for clustering methods working with highly categorical data.
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomcon/194
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Forty Years of Movie Hacking: Considering the Potential Implications of the Popular Media Representation of Computer Hackers from 1968 to 2008
(2010)
Gordon, Damian
Forty Years of Movie Hacking: Considering the Potential Implications of the Popular Media Representation of Computer Hackers from 1968 to 2008
(2010)
Gordon, Damian
Abstract:
Increasingly movies are being produced which feature plots that incorporate elements of computer security and hacking, and cumulatively these movies are creating a public perception as to the nature of computer security. This research examines movies that feature hackers (and hacking) to identify if any common themes emerge from these movies in their representation of these issues. To achieve this, first a corpus of hacking movies is created, and then using a qualitative data analysis technique, guidelines are developed which distinguish those movies that actually have the potential to create a perception with the general public. The resultant dataset is analysed and the salient details are compared to the reality of hacking. This research has implications in a range of fields, including in the education of computer students, organisation computer security and in the behaviour of the general public when using computers.
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomart/10
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Harmonically Combined Contour Icons for Concurrent Auditory Display
(2006)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Harmonically Combined Contour Icons for Concurrent Auditory Display
(2006)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
This paper considers the harmonic combination of basic melodic shapes known as contour icons in concurrent auditory displays. Existing work in the field (such as that concerning earcons) has considered the combination of patterns designed using low level cognitive features, and so effective streaming is difficult. This work investigates means by which musical patterns with high level cognitive features (such as contour) representing data values can be rendered concurrently, so that multiple data sets can be effectively conveyed using an auditory display. The detection and comprehension of harmonically combined contour icons was tested in comparison to those combined uniquely (non harmonically). Results suggest that significant improvement in pattern combination detection was made using harmonically combined contour icons, although limitations were observed due to the nature of the harmonic relations involved. Future work will investigate the most flexible methods of harmonic combina...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/30
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Implementing Arabic-to-English Machine Translation Using the Role and Reference Grammar Linguistic Model
(2008)
Salem, Yasser; Hensman, Arnold; Nolan, Brian
Implementing Arabic-to-English Machine Translation Using the Role and Reference Grammar Linguistic Model
(2008)
Salem, Yasser; Hensman, Arnold; Nolan, Brian
Abstract:
This paper presents work-in-progress investigating the development of a rule-based lexical framework for Arabic language processing using the Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) linguistic model. A system, called UniArab is introduced in this research to support the framework. The paper outlines the conceptual structure of UniArab System, which utilizes the framework and translates the Arabic language into another natural language. Also, this paper explores how the characteristics of the Arabic language will effect the development of a Machine Translation (MT) tool from Arabic to English. Several distinguishing features of Arabic pertinent to MT will be explored in detail with reference to some potential difficulties that they might present.
https://arrow.dit.ie/itbinfocon/1
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Information Delivery on Mobile Devices Using Boolean Sonification Patterns
(2005)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Information Delivery on Mobile Devices Using Boolean Sonification Patterns
(2005)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
Sonification is the means by which non-speech audio can be used to convey information. Existing work has produced methods for delivering information in a wide range of fields, and recent work has considered the huge potential of mobile devices for Sonification. Boolean Sonification is a method of defining two related musical patterns as boolean conditions (true/false, yes/no etc.), such that one is considered contrary to the other by the listener. The final pattern set ideally comprises of two musical events that are closely enough related as to be considered a group, yet distinct enough to be perceived as separate entities. A java user interface is under development to allow Sonification to be configured by the user on the handset itself. Live testing is currently being performed.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/27
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Information Delivery on Mobile Devices Using Contour Icon Sonification
(2005)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Information Delivery on Mobile Devices Using Contour Icon Sonification
(2005)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
This paper examines the use of musical patterns to convey information, specifically in the context of mobile devices. Existing mechanisms (such as the popularity of the Morse code SMS alert) suggest that the use of musical patterns on mobile devices can be a very efficient and powerful method of data delivery. Unique musical patterns based on templates known as Contour Icons are used to represent specific data variables, with the output rendering of these patterns being referred to as a Sonification of that data. Contour Icon patterns mimic basic shapes and structures, thus providing listeners with a means of categorising them in a high level manner. Potential Sonification applications involving mobile devices are already in testing, with the aim of delivering data to mobile users in a fast, efficient and hands-free manner. It is the goal of this research to provide greater functionality on mobile devices using Sonification.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/23
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Judging Emotion from Low-pass Filtered Naturalistic Emotional Speech
(2013)
Snel, John; Cullen, Charlie
Judging Emotion from Low-pass Filtered Naturalistic Emotional Speech
(2013)
Snel, John; Cullen, Charlie
Abstract:
In speech, low frequency regions play a significant role in paralinguistic communication such as the conveyance of emotion or mood. The extent to which lower frequencies signify or contribute to affective speech is still an area for investigation. To investigate paralinguistic cues, and remove interference from linguistic cues, researchers can low-pass filter the speech signal on the assumption that certain acoustic cues characterizing affect are still discernible. Low-pass filtering is a practical technique to investigate paralinguistic phenomena, and is used here to investigate the inference of naturalistic emotional speech. This paper investigates how listeners perceive the level of Activation, and evaluate negative and positive levels, on low-pass filtered naturalistic speech, which has been developed through the use of Mood Inducing Procedures.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/105
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Learning Without Default: A Study of One-Class Classification and the Low-Default Portfolio Problem
(2009)
Kennedy, Kenneth; Mac Namee, Brian; Delany, Sarah Jane
Learning Without Default: A Study of One-Class Classification and the Low-Default Portfolio Problem
(2009)
Kennedy, Kenneth; Mac Namee, Brian; Delany, Sarah Jane
Abstract:
This paper asks at what level of class imbalance one-class classifiers outperform two-class classifiers in credit scoring problems in which class imbalance, referred to as the low-default portfolio problem, is a serious issue. The question is answered by comparing the performance of a variety of one-class and two-class classifiers on a selection of credit scoring datasets as the class imbalance is manipulated. We also include random oversampling as this is one of the most common approaches to addressing class imbalance. This study analyses the suitability and performance of recognised two-class classifiers and one-class classifiers. Based on our study we conclude that the performance of the two class classifiers deteriorates proportionally to the level of class imbalance. The two-class classifiers outperform one-class classifiers with class imbalance levels down as far as 15% (i.e. the imbalance ratio of minority class to majority class is 15:85). The one-class classifiers, whose pe...
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomcon/66
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LinguaTag: an Emotional Speech Analysis Application
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
LinguaTag: an Emotional Speech Analysis Application
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
Abstract:
The analysis of speech, particularly for emotional content, is an open area of current research. Ongoing work has developed an emotional speech corpus for analysis, and defined a vowel stress method by which this analysis may be performed. This paper documents the development of LinguaTag, an open source speech analysis software application which implements this vowel stress emotional speech analysis method developed as part of research into the acoustic and linguistic correlates of emotional speech. The analysis output is contained within a file format combining SMIL and SSML markup tags, to facilitate search and retrieval methods within an emotional speech corpus database. In this manner, analysis performed using LinguaTag aims to combine acoustic, emotional and linguistic descriptors in a single metadata framework.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/17
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Metadata Visualisation Techniques for Emotional Speech Corpora
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
Metadata Visualisation Techniques for Emotional Speech Corpora
(2008)
Cullen, Charlie; Vaughan, Brian; Kousidis, Spyros
Abstract:
Our research in emotional speech analysis has led to the construction of dedicated high quality, online corpora of natural emotional speech assets. Once obtained, the annotation and analysis of these assets was necessary in order to develop a database of both analysis data and metadata relating to each speech act. With annotation complete, the means by which this data may be presented to the user online for analysis, retrieval and organization is the current focus of our investigations. Building on an initial web interface developed in Ruby on Rails, we are now working towards a visually driven GUI built on Adobe Flex. This paper details our work towards this goal, defining the rationale behind development and also demonstrating work achieved to date.
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/26
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Musical Pattern Design Using Contour Icons
(2006)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Musical Pattern Design Using Contour Icons
(2006)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
This paper considers the use of Contour Icons in the design and implementation of musical patterns, for the purposes of detection and recognition. Research work had endeavoured to deliver musical patterns that were both distinct and memorable, and to this end a set of basic melodic shapes were introduced using a Sonification application called TrioSon that had been designed for the purpose. Existing work in the field (such as that concerning Earcon design) has considered the mechanisms by which patterns may be made distinctive, but it is argued that separate consideration must be given to the method of making such patterns memorable. This work suggests that while segregation and detection can best be facilitated by the individuality of a patterns rhythm, the retention (and hence future recognition) of a musical pattern is concerned more with its melodic range and contour. The detection and comprehension of musical patterns based around basic shapes (known as Contour Icons) was teste...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/21
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Obtaining Speech Assets for Judgement Analysis on Low-pass Filtered Emotional Speech
(2011)
Snel, John; Cullen, Charlie
Obtaining Speech Assets for Judgement Analysis on Low-pass Filtered Emotional Speech
(2011)
Snel, John; Cullen, Charlie
Abstract:
Investigating the emotional content in speech from acoustic characteristics requires separating the semantic con- tent from the acoustic channel. For natural emotional speech, a widely used method to separate the two channels is the use of cue masking. Our objective is to investigate the use of cue masking in non-acted emotional speech by analyzing the extent to which filtering impacts the perception of emotional content of the modified speech material. However, obtaining a corpus of emotional speech can be quite difficult whereby verifying the emotional content is an issue thoroughly discussed. Currently, speech research is showing a tendency toward constructing corpora of natural emotion expression. In this paper we outline the procedure used to obtain the corpus containing high audio quality and ‘natural’ emotional speech. We review the use of Mood Induction Procedures which provides a method to obtain spontaneous emotional speech in a controlled environment. Following this, we p...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/66
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One-to-Cloud One-Time Pad Data Encryption: Introducing Virtual Prototyping with PSpice
(2017)
Tobin, Paul; Tobin, Lee; Blanquer, Roberto Gandia, DR; McKeever, Michael; Blackledge, J...
One-to-Cloud One-Time Pad Data Encryption: Introducing Virtual Prototyping with PSpice
(2017)
Tobin, Paul; Tobin, Lee; Blanquer, Roberto Gandia, DR; McKeever, Michael; Blackledge, Jonathan, Professor
Abstract:
In this paper, we examine the design and application of a one-time pad encryption system for protecting data stored in the Cloud. Personalising security using a one-time pad generator at the client-end protects data from break-ins, side-channel attacks and backdoors in public encryption algorithms. The one-time pad binary sequences were obtained from modified analogue chaos oscillators initiated by noise and encoded client data locally. Specific ``one-to-Cloud'' storage applications returned control back to the end user but without the key distribution problem normally associated with one-time pad encryption. Development of the prototype was aided by ``Virtual Prototyping'' in the latest version of Cadence OrCAD PSpice$^\copyright$. This addition allows the prototype simulation schematic to be connected to an actual microcontroller in real time using device model interfacing for bi-directional communication.
https://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/252
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Orchestration within the Sonification of Basic Data Sets
(2004)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Orchestration within the Sonification of Basic Data Sets
(2004)
Cullen, Charlie; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
The use of sonification as a means of representing and analysing data has become a growing field of research in recent years and as such has become a far more accepted means of working with data. Existing work carried out as part of this research has focused primarily on the sonification of DNA/RNA sequences and their subsequent protein structures for the purposes of analysis. This sonification work raised many questions as regards the need for sequences to be set to music in a standard manner so that different strands could be analysed by comparison, and hence the orchestration and instrumentation used became of great importance. The basic principles of sonification can be rapidly extended to include many different data elements within a single rendering, and thus the importance of orchestration grows accordingly. Existing work on the use of rhythmic parsing within a sonification had suggested that far more information could be represented when orchestrated in a rhythmic manner tha...
https://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/28
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