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Subject = Pyrolysis;
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 38 on page 1 of 2
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A high temperature and atmospheric pressure experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2-methyl furan oxidation
(2018)
Somers, K.P.; Simmie, J.M.; Gillespie, F.; Burke, U.; Connolly, J.; Metcalfe, W.K.; Bat...
A high temperature and atmospheric pressure experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2-methyl furan oxidation
(2018)
Somers, K.P.; Simmie, J.M.; Gillespie, F.; Burke, U.; Connolly, J.; Metcalfe, W.K.; Battin-Leclerc, F.; Dirrenberger, P.; Herbinet, O.; Glaude, P.-A.; Curran, Henry J.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13977
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A review of recent laboratory research and commercial developments in fast pyrolysis and upgrading
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
A review of recent laboratory research and commercial developments in fast pyrolysis and upgrading
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
Abstract:
Robust alternative technology choices are required in the paradigm shift from the current crude oil-reliant transport fuel platform to a sustainable, more flexible transport infrastructure. In this vein, fast pyrolysis of biomass and upgrading of the product is deemed to have potential as a technology solution. The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent laboratory research and commercial developments in fast pyrolysis and upgrading techniques. Fast pyrolysis is a relatively mature technology and is on the verge of commercialisation. While upgrading of bio-oils is currently confined to laboratory and pilot scale, an increased understanding of upgrading processes has been achieved in recent times.
Science Foundation Ireland
Charles Parsons Energy Research Program
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5976
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An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-C-3-C-5 aldehydes in shock tubes
(2016)
Pellucci, Matteo; Somers, Kieran P.; Yasunaga, Kenji; Burke, Ultan; Alessio, Frassoldat...
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the pyrolysis and oxidation of n-C-3-C-5 aldehydes in shock tubes
(2016)
Pellucci, Matteo; Somers, Kieran P.; Yasunaga, Kenji; Burke, Ultan; Alessio, Frassoldati; Ranzi, Eliseo; Curran, Henry J.; Faravelli, Tiziano
Abstract:
Journal article
Due to the increasing interest in the use of biofuels for energy production, it is of great importance to better understand the combustion and thermal decomposition characteristics of species such as aldehydes. These are known to be key intermediate products of transport fossil and bio-fuels combustion and are also dangerous pollutants emitted from combustion in internal combustion engines and from gasification of biomasses. In this study, an experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of propanal, n-butanal and n-pentanal pyrolysis and oxidation in two shock tube facilities was carried out. Experiments were performed in a single pulse shock tube to determine the speciation profiles of the fuels and intermediate species under pyrolysis conditions for mixture of pure propanal/n-butanal/n-pentanal (3%)-Ar (97%), at averaged reflected pressure of 1.9 atm and at reflected shock temperatures of 972-1372 K. Additionally, ignition delay times for mixtures of pure pr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6122
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An experimental and modeling study of the ignition of dimethyl carbonate in shock tubes and rapid compression machine
(2019)
Alexandrino, Katiuska; Alzueta, María U.; Curran, Henry J.
An experimental and modeling study of the ignition of dimethyl carbonate in shock tubes and rapid compression machine
(2019)
Alexandrino, Katiuska; Alzueta, María U.; Curran, Henry J.
Abstract:
Ignition delay times of dimethyl carbonate DMC were measured using low- and high-pressure shock tubes and in a rapid compression machine (RCM). In this way, the effect of fuel concentration (0.75% and 1.75%), pressure (2.0, 20, and 40 atm) and equivalence ratio (0.5, 1.0, 2.0) on ignition delay times was studied experimentally and computationally using a chemical kinetic model. Experiments cover the temperature range of 795-1585 K. Several models from the literature were used to perform simulations, thus their performances to predict the present experimental data was examined. Furthermore, the effect of the thermodynamic data of the CH3O(C=O) (O) over dot radical species and the fuel consumption reaction CH3O(C=O)OCH3 reversible arrow CH3O(C=O)(O) over dot+(C) over dotH(3), on the simulations of the ignition delay times of DMC was analyzed using the different models. Reaction path and sensitivity analyses were carried out with a final recommended model to present an in-depth analysi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14783
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Bending stability of Cu0.4CrO2 - A transparent p-type conducting oxide for large area flexible electronics
(2018)
Fleischer, Karsten; Shvets, Igor; Caffrey, David; Mullarkey, Daragh; Norton, Emma; Zhus...
Bending stability of Cu0.4CrO2 - A transparent p-type conducting oxide for large area flexible electronics
(2018)
Fleischer, Karsten; Shvets, Igor; Caffrey, David; Mullarkey, Daragh; Norton, Emma; Zhussupbekova, A.; Papanastasiou, Dorina T.; Oser, D.; Bellet, D.
Abstract:
The current best performing p-type transparent conducting oxides are typically highly crystalline materials, deposited at high temperatures, and hence incompatible with the drive to low cost flexible electronics. We investigated a nanocrystalline, copper deficient CuxCrO2, deposited at low temperatures upon a flexible polyimide substrate. The as-deposited film without post annealing has an electrical conductivity of 6Scm?1. We demonstrate that this p-type transparent oxide retains its excellent electrical conductivity under tensile strain, withstanding more than one thousand bending cycles without visible cracks or degradation in electrical properties. In contrast, compressive strain is shown to lead to an immediate reduction in conductivity which we attribute to a de-lamination of the thin film from the substrate.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/90908
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Biochar from biomass and waste
(2010)
Kwapinski, Witold; Byrne, Corinna M.P.; Kryachko, Ekaterina; Wolfram, Przemyslaw; Adley...
Biochar from biomass and waste
(2010)
Kwapinski, Witold; Byrne, Corinna M.P.; Kryachko, Ekaterina; Wolfram, Przemyslaw; Adley, Catherine C.; Leahy, James J.; Novotny, Etelvino Henrique; Hayes, Michael H.B.
Abstract:
There is an increasing realisation that biomass and organic wastes are valuable feedstocks for second generation biorefining processes that give rise to platform chemicals to substitute for dwindling petrochemical resources, and for pyrolysis processes that produce syngas, bio-oil, and biochar from biomass, organic wastes, and the biorefining residuals of the future. The experimental work described has focused on physical properties and compositions of biochars produced from miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), willow (Salix spp) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) at 500°C and at 400, 500, and 600°C in the case of the miscanthus. Although the morphologies of the cell structures were maintained in the pyrolysis, the surface area of the miscanthus biochar was greatly increased by heating at 600°C for 60 min. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed the disappearance of evidence for the carbohydrate and lignin plant components as the pyrolysis temperature was raised, and the compositions of ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/443
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Characterisation of spruce, salix, miscanthus and wheat straw for pyrolysis applications
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
Characterisation of spruce, salix, miscanthus and wheat straw for pyrolysis applications
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
Abstract:
This research details the characterisation of four Irish-grown lignocellulosic biomasses for pyrolysis by biomass composition analysis, TGA, and Py-GC/MS-FID. Ash content (mf) increased in the order spruce (0.26 wt.%) < salix (1.16 wt.%) < miscanthus (3.43 wt.%) < wheat straw (3.76 wt.%). Analysis of hydrolysis-derived sugar monomers showed that xylose concentrations (4.69–26.76 wt.%) ranged significantly compared to glucose concentrations (40.98–49.82 wt.%). Higher hemicellulose and ash contents probably increased non-volatile matter, and decreased the temperature of maximum degradation by TGA as well as yields of GC-detectable compounds by Py-GC/MS-FID. Differences in composition and degradation were reflected in the pyrolysate composition by lower quantities of sugars (principally levoglucosan), pyrans, and furans for salix, miscanthus, and wheat straw compared to spruce, and increased concentrations of cyclopentenones and acids.
Science Foundation Ireland
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5974
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Characterization of phosphate structures in biochar from swine bones
(2012)
Novotny, Etelvino Henrique; Auccaise, Ruben; Velloso, Marcia Helena Rodrigues; Corrêa, ...
Characterization of phosphate structures in biochar from swine bones
(2012)
Novotny, Etelvino Henrique; Auccaise, Ruben; Velloso, Marcia Helena Rodrigues; Corrêa, Juliano Corulli; Higarashi, Martha Mayumi; Abreu, Valéria Maria Nascimento; Rocha, José Dilcio; Kwapinski, Witold
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to develop an alternative methodology to study and characterize the phosphate crystalline properties, directly associated with solubility and plant availability, in biochar from swine bones. Some phosphate symmetry properties of pyrolyzed swine bones were established, using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, principal component analysis, and multivariate curve resolution analysis, on four pyrolyzed samples at different carbonization intensities. Increasing carbonization parameters (temperature or residence time) generates diverse phosphate structures, increasing their symmetry and decreasing the crossed polarizability of the pair H-1-P-31, producing phosphates with, probably, lower solubility than the ones produced at lower carbonization intensity. Additionally, a new methodology is being developed to study and characterize phosphate crystalline properties directly associated with phosphate solubility and availability to plants.
P...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3797
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Charcoal as an alternative reductant in ferroalloy production: A review
(2020)
Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Trubetskaya, Anna; Tangstad, Merete
Charcoal as an alternative reductant in ferroalloy production: A review
(2020)
Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Trubetskaya, Anna; Tangstad, Merete
Abstract:
This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as renewable reductant in integrated ferroalloy reduction process. The basis for the review is based on the current process and product quality requirement that bio-based reductants must fulfill. The characteristics of different feedstocks and suitable pre-treatment and post-treatment technologies for their upgrading are evaluated. The existing literature concerning biomass application in ferroalloy industries is reviewed to fill out the research gaps related to charcoal properties provided by current production technologies and the integration of renewable reductants in the existing industrial infrastructure. This review also provides insights and recommendations to the unresolved challenges related to the charcoal process economics. Several possibilities to integrate the production of bio-based reductants with bio-refineries to lower the cost and increase the total efficiency are given. A comparison of ch...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/9459
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Effect of operating conditions and feedstock composition on the properties of manganese oxide or quartz charcoal pellets for the use in ferroalloy industries
(2020)
Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed; Großarth, Marius; Deike, Rüdiger; Van den B...
Effect of operating conditions and feedstock composition on the properties of manganese oxide or quartz charcoal pellets for the use in ferroalloy industries
(2020)
Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed; Großarth, Marius; Deike, Rüdiger; Van den Bulcke, Jan; Kibleur, Pierre; Müller, Michael; Ziegner, Mirko; Yazhenskikh, Elena; Beloshapkin, Sergey; Leahy, James J.; Trubetskaya, Anna
Abstract:
The full text of this article will not be available until the embargo expires on the 26/12/2021
This study investigates the effect of heat treatment temperature on the properties of charcoal composite pellets used for the reduction of ferroalloys. The heavy fraction of biooil was used as a binder for the charcoal ore pellet preparation. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the pellet shrinkage was related to the degree of reduction which varied with feedstock and ore composition. The results showed that the size and shape of the charcoal pellets were not affected by the biooil devolatilization. Manganese charcoal pellets showed higher electrical resistance during pyrolysis, whereas the structure, composition and electrical resistance of silica composite pellets remained unaffected by heat treatment temperatures < 1650 °C. However, the secondary heat treatment decreased the CO2 gasification reactivity and electrical resistivity of charcoal composite pellets. In additi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8342
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Effect of sawdust addition and composting of feedstock on renewable energy and biochar production from pyrolysis of anaerobically digested pig manure
(2013)
Shane M. Troy, Tereza Nolan, James J. Leahy, Peadar G. Lawlor, Mark G. Healy, Witold Kw...
Effect of sawdust addition and composting of feedstock on renewable energy and biochar production from pyrolysis of anaerobically digested pig manure
(2013)
Shane M. Troy, Tereza Nolan, James J. Leahy, Peadar G. Lawlor, Mark G. Healy, Witold Kwapinski; Nolan, Tereza; Leahy, James J.; Lawlor, Peadar G.; Healy, Mark G.; Kwapinski, Witold
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3251
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Experimental studies of simple hydrocarbons in a shock tube
(2020)
Sakleshpur Nagaraja, Shashank
Experimental studies of simple hydrocarbons in a shock tube
(2020)
Sakleshpur Nagaraja, Shashank
Abstract:
Chemical kinetic models are needed to simulate fuel chemistry in combustion devices and to aid in the development of new designs to reduce harmful emissions and maximize combustor performance. However, these models need to be validated using fundamental experimental data to ensure that they are accurate in their predictions. The three main objectives of this doctoral project are: 1. Recommission an existing shock tube to perform ignition delay time (IDT) experiments. 2. Convert the shock tube to ‘single-pulse’ mode and implement sampling techniques to analyze the post-shock heated analyte using a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry system. Characterize and validate the new reactor. 3. Generate a species mole fraction database from numerous hydrocarbon pyrolysis experiments. In the current project, the NUI Galway (NUIG) low pressure shock tube (LPST) is recommissioned and initially, validated against n-heptane data. This facility is used for studying the oxidation of C1 – C3 alkan...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/16184
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Fluidised bed pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses and comparison of bio-oil and micropyrolyser pyrolysate by GC/M-FID
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
Fluidised bed pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses and comparison of bio-oil and micropyrolyser pyrolysate by GC/M-FID
(2014)
Butler, Eoin; Devlin, Ger; Meier, Dietrich; McDonnell, Kevin
Abstract:
The fast pyrolysis of spruce (Picea abies), short rotation willow coppice (Salix alba), Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) was compared on a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 460–475 °C. The presence of ash, ranging from 0.26 wt.% for spruce to 3.76 wt.% for wheat straw (moisture free basis) favoured decomposition of cell-wall constituents to char (spruce [11.4 wt.%] < Salix [16.2 wt.%] < Miscanthus [21.8 wt.%] < wheat straw [21.5 wt.%]) with a reduction of liquid organic product (spruce [53.8 wt.%] > Salix [45.4 wt.%] > Miscanthus [37.3 wt.%] > wheat straw [37.2 wt.%]). Bio-oils from Miscanthus and wheat straw were inhomogeneous. Differences between absolute masses of compounds determined by GC/MS-FID of the bio-oils compared with Py-GC/MS-FID suggested a greater role of secondary reactions at the fluidised bed scale, with reduced concentrations of certain lignin-derived, furan and pyran compounds.
Science...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6061
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Germanium nanowire synthesis from fluorothiolate-capped gold nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide
(2010)
Collins, Gillian; Koleśnik-Gray, Maria M.; Krstić, Vojislav; Holmes, Justin D.
Germanium nanowire synthesis from fluorothiolate-capped gold nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide
(2010)
Collins, Gillian; Koleśnik-Gray, Maria M.; Krstić, Vojislav; Holmes, Justin D.
Abstract:
Ge nanowires seeded from Au nanoparticles capped with fluorothiolate ligands were synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) by the thermal decomposition of diphenylgermane (DPG) at a temperature of 380 °C and a pressure of 25.7 MPa. Both perfluorinated and semifluorinated capped Au nanoparticles acted as effective catalysts for growing Ge nanowires, with mean diameters of 11 nm (σ = 2.8) and 14 nm (σ = 3.5), respectively. The mean diameter of the Ge nanowires grown from the fluorous-capped Au nanoparticles were considerably smaller than those synthesized from dodecanethiol-capped nanoparticles in sc-toluene, under the same reaction conditions, i.e., 28 nm and σ = 10.3. Differences in the ligand conformations on the surface of the Au nanoparticles and phase separation of the fluorocarbon/CO2 and hydrocarbon/toluene systems gave rise to greater steric stabilization of the fluorous-capped Au nanoparticles in CO2, resulting in small diameter nanowires with a relatively narrow...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6688
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Improving gaseous biofuel yield from seaweed through a cascading circular bioenergy system integrating anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis
(2020)
Deng, Chen; Lin, Richen; Kang, Xihui; Wu, Benteng; O'Shea, Richard; Murphy, Jerry D.
Improving gaseous biofuel yield from seaweed through a cascading circular bioenergy system integrating anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis
(2020)
Deng, Chen; Lin, Richen; Kang, Xihui; Wu, Benteng; O'Shea, Richard; Murphy, Jerry D.
Abstract:
Advanced biofuels include biomass sources free from land use such as seaweed. Seaweed biomethane may contribute significantly to a climate-neutral transport future; however, seaweed has limited biodegradability via anaerobic digestion (AD). To address this issue, the authors proposed a cascading circular bioenergy system incorporating pyrolysis (Py) for production of biochar, syngas and bio-oil, with the primary use of biochar in AD to promote biomethane production through direct interspecies electron transfer. The feasibility of the proposed AD-Py system was demonstrated by integrating a seaweed-based AD and a residue-based Py system to enhance advanced biofuels production. The AD results showed biochar achieved comparable performances to high-cost graphene in terms of enhancing biomethane production from seaweed. When digesting Laminaria digitata (common kelp), optimal biochar addition at 1/4 (biochar mass: volatile solid of seaweed) increased biomethane yield by 17% and peak prod...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/10200
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Investigation of chicken litter conversion into useful energy resources by using low temperature pyrolysis
(2019)
Simbolon, L.M.; Pandey, Daya Shankar; Horvat, Alen; Kwapinska, Marzena; Leahy, James J....
Investigation of chicken litter conversion into useful energy resources by using low temperature pyrolysis
(2019)
Simbolon, L.M.; Pandey, Daya Shankar; Horvat, Alen; Kwapinska, Marzena; Leahy, James J.; Tassou, Savvas A.
Abstract:
The global production of poultry is predicted to grow considerably in the future. Intensive poultry farming poses significant challenges to traditional waste disposal methods (i.e. direct land application) leading to environmental impacts. This paper discusses the result of low temperature (350-450 °C) pyrolysis of representative chicken litter as the feedstock. Four different feedstocks comprised of 50% organic chicken manure and 50% bedding materials (i.e. hay, straw, rice husk and wood shavings) have been experimentally investigated. The products of the pyrolysis process consist of char, gas and liquid (bio-oil). Maximum char production from the rice husk mix is over 67 wt.%, while the wood shavings mix feedstock resulted in the highest liquid yield of 44.4 wt.% at a temperature of 400 °C. Chicken litter and its char product are analysed by elemental analyser and bomb calorimetry. The composition of the evolved gases and bio-oil are analysed by micro gas chromatography (µ-GC) and...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7726
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Measurements of flat-flame velocities of diethyl ether in air
(2018)
Gillespie, Fiona; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Dirrenberger, Patricia; Herbinet, Olivier; Glaude...
Measurements of flat-flame velocities of diethyl ether in air
(2018)
Gillespie, Fiona; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Dirrenberger, Patricia; Herbinet, Olivier; Glaude, Pierre-Alexandre; Battin-Leclerc, Frédérique; Curran, Henry J.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/11643
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Metallophosphazene precursor routes to the solid-state deposition of metallic and dielectric microstructures and nanostructures on Si and SiO2
(2010)
Díaz, Carlos; Valenzuela, María Luisa; Laguna, Antonio; Lavayen, Vladimir; Jimenez, Jos...
Metallophosphazene precursor routes to the solid-state deposition of metallic and dielectric microstructures and nanostructures on Si and SiO2
(2010)
Díaz, Carlos; Valenzuela, María Luisa; Laguna, Antonio; Lavayen, Vladimir; Jimenez, Josefina; Power, Lynn A.; O'Dwyer, Colm
Abstract:
We present a method for the preparation and deposition of metallic microstructures and nanostructures deposited on silicon and silica surfaces by pyrolysis in air at 800 °C of the corresponding metallophosphazene (cyclic or polymer). Atomic force microscopy studies reveal that the morphology is dependent on the polymeric or oligomeric nature of the phosphazene precursor, on the preparation method used, and on the silicon substrate surface (crystalline or amorphous) and its prior inductively couple plasma etching treatment. Microscale and nanoscale structures and high-surface-area thin films of gold, palladium, silver, and tin were successfully deposited from their respective newly synthesized precursors. The characteristic morphology of the deposited nanostructures resulted in varied roughness and increased surface area and was observed to be dependent on the precursor and the metal center. In contrast to island formation from noble metal precursors, we also report a coral of SnP2O7...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6297
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New experimental insights into acetylene oxidation through novel ignition delay times, laminar burning velocities and chemical kinetic modelling
(2019)
Lokachari, Nitin; Burke, Ultan; Ramalingam, Ajoy; Turner, Mattias; Hesse, Raik; Somers,...
New experimental insights into acetylene oxidation through novel ignition delay times, laminar burning velocities and chemical kinetic modelling
(2019)
Lokachari, Nitin; Burke, Ultan; Ramalingam, Ajoy; Turner, Mattias; Hesse, Raik; Somers, Kieran P.; Beeckmann, Joachim; Heufer, Karl A.; Petersen, Eric L.; Curran, Henry J.
Abstract:
The oxidation of acetylene is central to the oxidation of virtually all hydrocarbon fuels. It is also important for commercial industry, due to its wide range of applications such as flame photometry, atomic absorption, welding etc. In this study, ignition delay times (IDTs) for acetylene oxidation were measured at elevated pressures (10-30 bar) and temperatures (700-1300 K) in a high-pressure shock tube (HPST) and in a rapid compression machine (RCM). The range of pressures, temperatures and mixture compositions studied are at conditions never previously investigated in the literature. The new measurements highlight some major shortcomings in our understanding of the oxidation mechanism of acetylene. The importance of these findings is accentuated, considering the fundamental nature of acetylene chemistry in modelling larger hydrocarbons. These data are complemented by new laminar burning velocity (LBV) experiments, independently performed in two different laboratories. As commerci...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15119
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On the pyrolysis and combustion of furans: quantum chemical, statistical rate theory, and chemical kinetic modelling studies
(2014)
Somers, Kieran Patrick
On the pyrolysis and combustion of furans: quantum chemical, statistical rate theory, and chemical kinetic modelling studies
(2014)
Somers, Kieran Patrick
Abstract:
The development of synthetic methods which can convert inedible waste biomass into liquid transportation fuels is an exciting breakthrough which may reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for energy production, and contribute to the development of environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable technologies. Biomass-derived furan derivatives have emerged as promising candidates in the search for sustainable next-generation biofuels and platform chemicals. This work focuses on two such promising compounds, 2-methylfuran (2MF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran (25DMF), with the aim of developing detailed computation models which can numerically describe their combustion properties. The thermochemistry of a range of polyoxygenated furan platform chemicals has also been investigated. A general overview of Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory with energy-grain Master Equation (ME) analysis, and the less advanced Quantum-Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (QRRK) theory with a Modified Strong Collis...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4458
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Oxidation of ethylene-air mixtures at elevated pressures, part 1: experimental results
(2016)
Kopp, Madeleine M.; Donato, Nicole S.; Petersen, Eric L.; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Burke, Si...
Oxidation of ethylene-air mixtures at elevated pressures, part 1: experimental results
(2016)
Kopp, Madeleine M.; Donato, Nicole S.; Petersen, Eric L.; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Burke, Sinéad M.; Curran, Henry J.
Abstract:
Journal article
Shock-tube experiments have been performed to determine ignition delay times of undiluted ethylene air mixtures for temperatures from 1003 to 1401 K, at equivalence ratios from 0.3 to 2.0, and at pressures from 1.1 to 24.9 atm. Ethylene was the focus of this study because of its importance in the oxidation of higher-order hydrocarbons. The data exhibited some interesting behavior not typically seen in other lower-order hydrocarbons. For example, the fuel-lean mixtures showed virtually no pressure dependence, whereas at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions the usual trend of decreasing ignition delay time with increasing pressure was seen. The results are compared with other experimental data available in the literature and to a chemical kinetics model that has been developed over the past few years using primarily high-pressure lower-order hydrocarbon ignition delay times. The original agreement between the model and experiments at the time the data were first...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6146
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Oxidation of ethylene-air mixtures at elevated pressures, part 2: chemical kinetics
(2016)
Kopp, Madeleine M.; Donato, Nicole S.; Petersen, Eric L.; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Burke, Si...
Oxidation of ethylene-air mixtures at elevated pressures, part 2: chemical kinetics
(2016)
Kopp, Madeleine M.; Donato, Nicole S.; Petersen, Eric L.; Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Burke, Sinéad M.; Curran, Henry J.
Abstract:
Journal article
A chemical kinetics submechanism for small molecular weight hydrocarbons was modified by adjusting rate constants to produce better agreement with recent ethylene ignition delay time data compared with an earlier version of the mechanism, for temperatures from 1003 to 1401 K, at pressures between 1.1 and 24.9 atm, and for equivalence ratios from 0.3 to 2.0. The improved mechanism captures the pressure and equivalence ratio behavior seen in the data at these intermediate temperatures, such as the smaller-than-expected effect of equivalence ratio at the higher temperatures and an apparent lack of pressure dependence at fuel-lean conditions. By using detailed sensitivity analyses, the important reactions were identified, rectifying the model simulations in predicting the observed experimental behavior of the data in this study. In fact, when the model is used to extend the temperature range above 1400 K and below 1000 K, the same pressure dependence is actually seen...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6147
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Pollution profiles and health risk assessment of vocs emitted during e-waste dismantling processes associated with different dismantling methods
(2018)
An, Taicheng; Huang, Yong; Li, Guiying; He, Zhigui; Chen, Jiangyao; Zhang, Chaosheng
Pollution profiles and health risk assessment of vocs emitted during e-waste dismantling processes associated with different dismantling methods
(2018)
An, Taicheng; Huang, Yong; Li, Guiying; He, Zhigui; Chen, Jiangyao; Zhang, Chaosheng
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10245
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Probing the antagonistic effect of toluene as a component in surrogate fuel models at low temperatures and high pressures. A case study of toluene/dimethyl ether mixtures
(2017)
Zhang, Yingjia; Somers, Kieran P.; Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William J.; Cracknell, Roger F.; ...
Probing the antagonistic effect of toluene as a component in surrogate fuel models at low temperatures and high pressures. A case study of toluene/dimethyl ether mixtures
(2017)
Zhang, Yingjia; Somers, Kieran P.; Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William J.; Cracknell, Roger F.; Curran, Henry J.
Abstract:
There is a dearth of experimental data which examine the fundamental low-temperature ignition (T < 900 K) behavior of toluene resulting in a lack of data for the construction, validation, and interpretation of chemical kinetic models for commercial fuels. In order to gain a better understanding of its combustion chemistry, dimethyl ether (DME) has been used as a radical initiator to induce ignition in this highly knock resistant aromatic, and its influence on the combustion of toluene ignition was studied in both shock tube and rapid compression machines as a function of temperature (624–1459 K), pressure (20–40 atm), equivalence ratio (0.5–2.0), and blending ratio (100% toluene, 76% toluene (76T/24D), 58% toluene (58T/42D), 26% toluene (26T/74D) and 100% DME). Several literature chemical kinetic models are used to interpret our experimental results. For mixtures containing high concentrations of toluene at low-temperatures none of these are capable of reproducing experiment. Th...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6868
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Pyrolysis of wastewater sludge and composted organic fines from municipal solid waste: laboratory reactor characterisation and product distribution
(2018)
Agar, David A.; Kwapinska, Marzena; Leahy, James J.
Pyrolysis of wastewater sludge and composted organic fines from municipal solid waste: laboratory reactor characterisation and product distribution
(2018)
Agar, David A.; Kwapinska, Marzena; Leahy, James J.
Abstract:
Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and organic fines from mechanical sorting of municipal solid waste (MSW) are two common widespread waste streams that are becoming increasingly difficult to utilise. Changing perceptions of risk in food production has limited the appeal of sludge use on agricultural land, and outlets via landfilling are diminishing rapidly. These factors have led to interest in thermal conversion technologies whose aim is to recover energy and nutrients from waste while reducing health and environmental risks associated with material re-use. Pyrolysis yields three output products: solid char, liquid oils and gas. Their relative distribution depends on process parameters which can be somewhat optimised depending on the end use of product. The potential of pyrolysis for the conversion of wastewater sludge (SS) and organic fines of MSW(OF) to a combustion gas and a carbon-rich char has been investigated. Pyrolysis of SS and OF was done using a laborator...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/6656
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