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Displaying Results 101 - 125 of 146 on page 5 of 6
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Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics for Nutrition and Health
(2020)
González-Peña, Diana; Brennan, Lorraine
Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics for Nutrition and Health
(2020)
González-Peña, Diana; Brennan, Lorraine
Abstract:
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules called metabolites in biological samples. Application of metabolomics to nutrition research has expanded in recent years, with emerging literature supporting multiple applications. Key examples include applications of metabolomics in the identification and development of objective biomarkers of dietary intake, in developing personalized nutrition strategies, and in large-scale epidemiology studies to understand the link between diet and health. In this review, we provide an overview of the current applications and identify key challenges that need to be addressed for the further development of the field. Successful development of metabolomics for nutrition research has the potential to improve dietary assessment, help deliver personalized nutrition, and enhance our understanding of the link between diet and health.
European Research Council
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/11332
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On The Right Track - Child Health
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
On The Right Track - Child Health
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/621010
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On The Right Track - Parenting
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
On The Right Track - Parenting
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/621009
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On The Right Track: Children's Learning
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
On The Right Track: Children's Learning
(2016)
Centre for Effective Services (CES)
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/621012
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Optimising implementation of European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: what is needed?
(2020)
Mc Kee, Gabrielle; Graham, Ian
Optimising implementation of European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: what is needed?
(2020)
Mc Kee, Gabrielle; Graham, Ian
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease is a model example of a preventable condition for which practice guidelines are particularly important. In 2016, the joint task force created by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) together with 10 other societies released the new version of the European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. To facilitate the implementation of the ESC guidelines, a dedicated prevention implementation committee has been established within the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. The paper will first explore potential barriers to the guidelines? implementation. It then develops a discussion that seeks to inform the future development of the committee?s work, including a new definition of the guidelines? stakeholders (health policy-makers, healthcare professionals and health educators, patient organisations, entrepreneurs and the general public), future activities within four specific areas: strengthening awareness of the guidelines among stakeholders; s...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94651
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Organisation of health services for preventing and treating pressure ulcers.
(2018)
Joyce, Pauline; Moore, Zena EH; Christie, Janice
Organisation of health services for preventing and treating pressure ulcers.
(2018)
Joyce, Pauline; Moore, Zena EH; Christie, Janice
Abstract:
<p>Organisation of health services for preventing and treating pressure ulcers. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Joyce%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30536917">Joyce P</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Moore%20ZE%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30536917">Moore ZE</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Christie%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30536917">Christie J</a>. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;12:CD012132. Copyright © 2018 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p>
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Pressure ulcers, which are a localised injury to the skin, or underlying tissue, or both, occur when people are unable to reposition themselves to relieve pressure on bony prominences. Pressure ulcers are often difficult to heal, painful, ex...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/smedart/11
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Outcomes for Pressure Ulcer Trials (OUTPUTs): protocol for the development of a core domain set for trials evaluating the clinical efficacy or effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention interventions.
(2019)
Lechner, Anna; Kottner, Jan; Coleman, Susanne; Muir, Delia; Bagley, Heather; Beeckman, ...
Outcomes for Pressure Ulcer Trials (OUTPUTs): protocol for the development of a core domain set for trials evaluating the clinical efficacy or effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention interventions.
(2019)
Lechner, Anna; Kottner, Jan; Coleman, Susanne; Muir, Delia; Bagley, Heather; Beeckman, Dimitri; Chaboyer, Wendy; Cuddigan, Janet; Moore, Zena E H; Rutherford, Claudia; Schmitt, Jochen; Nixon, Jane; Balzer, Katrin
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at <a href="https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3543-9">www.biomedcentral.com</a></p>
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Core outcome sets (COS) are being developed in many clinical areas to increase the quality and comparability of clinical trial results as well as to ensure their relevance for patients. A COS represents an agreed standardized set of outcomes that describes the minimum that should be consistently reported in all clinical trials of a defined area. It comprises a core domain set (defining what core outcomes should be measured) and a core measurement set (defining measurement/assessment instruments for each core domain). For pressure ulcer prevention trials a COS is lacking. The great heterogeneity of reported outcomes in this field indicates the need for a COS.</p> <p><strong>METHODS/DESIGN:</strong> The first part of this ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/snursmidart/11
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Parenting support and parental participation work package final report: Tusla's programme for prevention, partnership and family support
(2018)
Crosse, Rosemary; Devaney, Carmel
Parenting support and parental participation work package final report: Tusla's programme for prevention, partnership and family support
(2018)
Crosse, Rosemary; Devaney, Carmel
Abstract:
The Development and Mainstreaming Programme for Prevention, Partnership and Family Support (PPFS) is a programme of action being undertaken by Tusla, the Child and Family Agency, as part of its National Service Delivery Framework. The programme seeks to embed prevention and early intervention into the culture and operation of Tusla. The UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre, NUI Galway has undertaken an evaluation study focusing on the implementation of and the outcomes from the PPFS programme. The study’s overall research question is: Is the organisational culture and practice of Tusla and its partners changing such that services are more integrated, preventative, evidence informed and inclusive of children and parents? If so, is this contributing to improved outcomes for children and their families? The evaluation study has adopted a Work Package approach reflecting the key components of the PPFS programme. The five work packages are: Meitheal and Child and Family Support Networ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14558
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Parenting support: Policy and practice in the Irish context
(2018)
Connolly, Nuala; Devaney, Carmel
Parenting support: Policy and practice in the Irish context
(2018)
Connolly, Nuala; Devaney, Carmel
Abstract:
Increasing government interest in parenting support has emerged in response to the increasingly diverse form of families, a growing emphasis on children s rights and a policy shift towards prevention and early intervention. This has contributed to a range of stakeholder activity in the area, with the notion that parenting is a set of skills that can be learned now widespread. The need to establish what works in parenting support has resulted in considerable research, with evidence supporting the provision of universally accessible supports for all parents which can be tailored for those with additional needs. Simultaneously, an increasing body of evaluation research has resulted in positive evidence-based outcomes for a range of parenting support programmes. This article presents an overview of the policy and practice of parenting support, exploring the international and national literature on what works in improving parental capacity, and detailing the wide-scale emergence of par...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/7180
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Patients and health professionals' perspectives on the sociocultural influences on secondary cardiac behaviour: a qualitative study of the implications in policy and practice
(2018)
Ononeze, V.
Patients and health professionals' perspectives on the sociocultural influences on secondary cardiac behaviour: a qualitative study of the implications in policy and practice
(2018)
Ononeze, V.
Abstract:
Objectives. To explore the similarities and differences between patients and health professionals' perspectives on the sociocultural influences on secondary cardiac behaviour, and the implications in policy and practice. Methods. Qualitative study using grounded theory research. We used a linked, phased study to ascertain the factors which helped shape patients' views about their heart problems and how these influence secondary cardiac behaviour. We also explored health professionals' perspectives on patients' views and interpretations. A total of 70 participants, 56 patients and 14 health professionals, took part in individual and group interviews and focus groups. Results. Patients seemed in control of their heart condition and communicated a sense of satisfaction in how they manage it. To interpret the sociocultural influences on secondary cardiac behaviour, patients used theirs and community knowledge of heart disease, personal constructions of cardiac illnes...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9735
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Perceived risk of death in older primary care patients
(2016)
Teixeira, Laetitia; Azevedo, Maria João; Alves, Sara; Duarte, Mafalda; O'Caoimh, R...
Perceived risk of death in older primary care patients
(2016)
Teixeira, Laetitia; Azevedo, Maria João; Alves, Sara; Duarte, Mafalda; O'Caoimh, Rónán; Molloy, D. William; Paúl, Constança
Abstract:
There is a large gap between life expectancy and healthy life years at age 65. To reduce this gap, it is necessary that people with medical concerns perceived at higher risk of adverse outcomes are readily identified and treated. The same goes for the need to implement prevention plans. The main objectives of this study are to, in a first step, (a) estimate the percentage of medical concerns, (b) identify factors associated with this concern; in a second step, (c) estimate the perceived risk of death, and (d) evaluate the ability of medical concerns to predict this risk. Results show that the existence and severity of medical concerns are crucial in the prediction of perceived risk of death. Early identification of severity of medical concerns and the availability and adequacy of informal caregiving should allow healthcare professionals to promptly initiate an appropriate assessment and treatment of older patients.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3176
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Perceived risk of death in older primary care patients
(2018)
Teixeira, Laetitia; Azevedo, Maria João; Alves, Sara; Duarte, Mafalda; O’Caoimh, Rónán;...
Perceived risk of death in older primary care patients
(2018)
Teixeira, Laetitia; Azevedo, Maria João; Alves, Sara; Duarte, Mafalda; O’Caoimh, Rónán; Molloy, William; Paúl, Constança
Abstract:
There is a large gap between life expectancy and healthy life years at age 65. To reduce this gap, it is necessary that people with medical concerns perceived at higher risk of adverse outcomes are readily identified and treated. The same goes for the need to implement prevention plans. The main objectives of this study are to, in a first step, (a) estimate the percentage of medical concerns, (b) identify factors associated with this concern; in a second step, (c) estimate the perceived risk of death, and (d) evaluate the ability of medical concerns to predict this risk. Results show that the existence and severity of medical concerns are crucial in the prediction of perceived risk of death. Early identification of severity of medical concerns and the availability and adequacy of informal caregiving should allow healthcare professionals to promptly initiate an appropriate assessment and treatment of older patients.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14125
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Perceptions of animal physiotherapy amongst Irish veterinary surgeons.
(2006)
Doyle, Aoife; Horgan, Frances
Perceptions of animal physiotherapy amongst Irish veterinary surgeons.
(2006)
Doyle, Aoife; Horgan, Frances
Abstract:
<p>This article is also available from <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com">www.biomedcentral.com</a></p>
<p>The aim of this study was to investigate veterinary surgeons' perceptions, knowledge and use of animal physiotherapy in the Republic of Ireland. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 veterinary surgeons, of which 97 were returned. Results indicated that 77 (79%) of respondents were aware of animal physiotherapists. Common sources of information included veterinary colleagues, owners and professional journals, with physiotherapists themselves and undergraduate training being less commonly cited. Awareness of animal physiotherapy was greatest amongst those working in equine practice (χ2 = 5.7, df 1, p = 0.017); they were more knowledgeable about its techniques (t = 2.806, df 75, p = 0.006) and more likely to refer (χ2 = 48.36, df 1, p = 0.0001). Seventy-four respondents (96%) thought that more research was necessary to ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/sphysioart/7
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Perceptions Regarding Male Suicide and Preventative Services in Co. Kilkenny
(2005)
Butler, Louise; Phelan, Jim
Perceptions Regarding Male Suicide and Preventative Services in Co. Kilkenny
(2005)
Butler, Louise; Phelan, Jim
Abstract:
This paper examines perceptions regarding rural male suicide and the preventative services available in Co. Kilkenny to combat the problem. For every four male suicides, there is one female suicide. The problem is becoming a rural rather than an urban one. The research set out to identify gaps in services and existing policies in addressing suicide among young rural men. Data were obtained from interview with the service providers and also from focus group discussions with young rural Kilkenny men. Total participants in the focus groups were 15 young men. Limitations to this study centred around the difficulty of organising young men to take part in the focus discussion groups. Many official organisations in Co. Kilkenny were approached but no focus group was forthcoming. The one official group that took part was through Macra na Feirme. The other three focus groups that were gathered came from personal contacts. However, even through these channels many potential groups in the end ...
https://arrow.dit.ie/ijass/vol6/iss1/5
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Policy Brief: Community engagement for COVID-19 infection prevention and control: A rapid review of the evidence
(2020)
Bhattacharyya, Sanghita; Lopes, Claudia Abreu; Nyamupachitu-Mago, Elizabeth; Gilmore, B...
Policy Brief: Community engagement for COVID-19 infection prevention and control: A rapid review of the evidence
(2020)
Bhattacharyya, Sanghita; Lopes, Claudia Abreu; Nyamupachitu-Mago, Elizabeth; Gilmore, Brynne; et al.
Abstract:
The integration and involvement ofcommunities in COVID-19 prevention andcontrol is a potential and viable strategy inaddressing the pandemic and has beensuggested by The World Health Organization,UNICEF and IFRC among others. Indeed, therecommended measures to prevent and controlCOVID-19 such as physical-social distancing,case identification and contact tracing requireunderstanding of the different social dynamicsin communities and how these can better beleveraged to minimize the impact of theepidemic.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/11428
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Pravastatin reduces marfan aortic dilation
(2018)
McLoughlin, D.; McGuinness, J.; Byrne, J.; Terzo, E.; Huuskonen, V.; McAllister, H.; Bl...
Pravastatin reduces marfan aortic dilation
(2018)
McLoughlin, D.; McGuinness, J.; Byrne, J.; Terzo, E.; Huuskonen, V.; McAllister, H.; Black, A.; Kearney, S.; Kay, E.; Hill, A. D. K.; Dietz, H. C.; Redmond, J. M.
Abstract:
Background-The sequelae of aortic root dilation are the lethal consequences of Marfan syndrome. The root dilation is attributable to an imbalance between deposition of matrix elements and metalloproteinases in the aortic medial layer as a result of excessive transforming growth factor-beta signaling. This study examined the efficacy and mechanism of statins in attenuating aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome and compared effects to the other main proposed preventative agent, losartan. Methods and Results-Marfan mice heterozygous for a mutant allele encoding a cysteine substitution in fibrillin-1 (C1039G) were treated daily from 6 weeks old with pravastatin 0.5g/L or losartan 0.6 g/L. The end points of aortic root diameter (n = 25), aortic thickness, and architecture (n = 10), elastin volume (n = 5), dp/dtmax (maximal rate of change of pressure) (cardiac catheter; n = 20), and ultrastructural analysis with stereology (electron microscopy; n = 5) were examined. The aortic root diam...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12825
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Prediction of breast cancer risk based on profiling with common genetic variants
(2018)
Mavaddat, Nasim; Pharoah, Paul D. P.; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Tyrer, Jonathan; Brook, Mar...
Prediction of breast cancer risk based on profiling with common genetic variants
(2018)
Mavaddat, Nasim; Pharoah, Paul D. P.; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Tyrer, Jonathan; Brook, Mark N.; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Wang, Qin; Dennis, Joe; Dunning, Alison M.; Shah, Mitul; Luben, Robert; Brown, Judith; Bojesen, Stig E.; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Nielsen, Sune F.; Flyger, Henrik; Czene, Kamila; Darabi, Hatef; Eriksson, Mikael; Peto, Julian
Abstract:
Background: Data for multiple common susceptibility alleles for breast cancer may be combined to identify women at different levels of breast cancer risk. Such stratification could guide preventive and screening strategies. However, empirical evidence for genetic risk stratification is lacking. Methods: We investigated the value of using 77 breast cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for risk stratification, in a study of 33 673 breast cancer cases and 33 381 control women of European origin. We tested all possible pair-wise multiplicative interactions and constructed a 77-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Absolute risks of breast cancer by PRS were derived from relative risk estimates and UK incidence and mortality rates. Results: There was no strong evidence for departure from a multiplicative model for any SNP pair. Women in the highest 1% of the PRS had a three-fold increased risk of developing brea...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/12688
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Preoperative intravenous fluid therapy decreases postoperative nausea and pain in high risk patients
(2018)
Maharaj, C H.; Kallam, S R.; Malik, A; Hassett, P; Grady, D; Laffey, J G.
Preoperative intravenous fluid therapy decreases postoperative nausea and pain in high risk patients
(2018)
Maharaj, C H.; Kallam, S R.; Malik, A; Hassett, P; Grady, D; Laffey, J G.
Abstract:
The potential for preoperative IV rehydration to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery remains unclear, with conflicting results reported. We sought to determine whether preoperative IV rehydration with a balanced salt solution would decrease the incidence of PONV in patients at increased risk for these symptoms. Eighty ASA grade I-III patients presenting for gynecologic laparoscopy were randomized to receive large (2 mL/kg per hour fasting) or small (3 mL/kg) volume infusions of compound sodium lactate solution over 20 min preoperatively. A standardized balanced anesthetic was used. The incidence and severity of PONV and pain, and need for supplemental antiemetic and analgesic therapy, were assessed by a blinded investigator at 0.5, 1, and 4 h postoperatively, and on the first and third postoperafive days. The incidence (control 87% versus large volume 59%) and severity of PONV were significantly reduced in the large volu...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/9473
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Prevention of striae gravidarum
(2020)
Brennan, Miriam
Prevention of striae gravidarum
(2020)
Brennan, Miriam
Abstract:
Introduction Striae gravidarum, or stretch marks, are a common physiological skin change occurring during pregnancy. They improve postpartum, but do not disappear fully. While their cause remains unclear, many associated risk factors have been identified. In addition to their physical effect, they are known to cause other symptoms and to affect women psychologically. They are seen commonly as an aesthetic or cosmetic issue and by some as disfiguring, and can be distressing for women. Further, there is a growing body of evidence of their effects on women’s quality of life. Many women apply one or more of the many topical products available to their skin in efforts to prevent striae gravidarum, but many of these products have not been evaluated and there is a dearth of high-quality evidence of effectiveness on any of the topical products used by women. The thesis aims are: 1. to systematically review the evidence of the effectiveness of topical preparations in the prevention and reduc...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/15926
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Prevention of suicidal behaviour: Results of a controlled community-based intervention study in four European countries
(2019)
Hegerl, Ulrich; Maxwell, Margaret; Harris, Fiona; Koburger, Nicole; Mergl, Roland; Szék...
Prevention of suicidal behaviour: Results of a controlled community-based intervention study in four European countries
(2019)
Hegerl, Ulrich; Maxwell, Margaret; Harris, Fiona; Koburger, Nicole; Mergl, Roland; Székely, András; Arensman, Ella; Van Audenhove, Chantal; Larkin, Celine; Toth, Mónika Ditta; Quintão, Sónia; Värnik, Airi; Genz, Axel; Sarchiapone, Marco; McDaid, David; Schmidtke, Armin; Purebl, György; Coyne, James C.; Gusmão, Ricardo
Abstract:
The ‘European Alliance Against Depression’ community-based intervention approach simultaneously targets depression and suicidal behaviour by a multifaceted community based intervention and has been implemented in more than 115 regions worldwide. The two main aims of the European Union funded project “Optimizing Suicide Prevention Programmes and Their Implementation in Europe” were to optimise this approach and to evaluate its implementation and impact. This paper reports on the primary outcome of the intervention (the number of completed and attempted suicides combined as ‘suicidal acts’) and on results concerning process evaluation analysis. Interventions were implemented in four European cities in Germany, Hungary, Portugal and Ireland, with matched control sites. The intervention comprised activities with predefined minimal intensity at four levels: training of primary care providers, a public awareness campaign, training of community facilitators, support for patients and their ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9353
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Public awareness work package final report: Tusla's programme for prevention, partnership and family support
(2019)
McGregor, Caroline; Canavan, John; O'Connor, Patricia
Public awareness work package final report: Tusla's programme for prevention, partnership and family support
(2019)
McGregor, Caroline; Canavan, John; O'Connor, Patricia
Abstract:
The Development and Mainstreaming Programme for Prevention, Partnership and Family Support (PPFS) is a programme of action being undertaken by Tusla, the Child and Family Agency, as part of its National Service Delivery Framework. The programme seeks to embed prevention and early intervention into the culture and operation of Tusla. The UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre (UCFRC) at NUI Galway has undertaken an evaluation study focusing on the implementation of and the outcomes from the PPFS Programme. The study’s overall research question is: Is the organisational culture and practice of Tusla and its partners changing such that services are more integrated, preventative, evidence-informed, and inclusive of children and parents? If so, is this contributing to improved outcomes for children and their families? The evaluation study has adopted a Work Package approach reflecting the key components of the PPFS Programme. The five Work Packages are: Meitheal and Child and Family Sup...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14829
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Results from a european multicenter randomized trial of physical activity and/or healthy eating to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the dali lifestyle pilot
(2018)
Simmons, David; Jelsma, Judith G.M.; Galjaard, Sander; Devlieger, Roland; van Assche, A...
Results from a european multicenter randomized trial of physical activity and/or healthy eating to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the dali lifestyle pilot
(2018)
Simmons, David; Jelsma, Judith G.M.; Galjaard, Sander; Devlieger, Roland; van Assche, Andre; Jans, Goele; Corcoy, Rosa; Adelantado, Juan M.; Dunne, Fidelma; Desoye, Gernot; Harreiter, Jürgen; Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra; Damm, Peter; Mathiesen, Elisabeth R.; Jensen, Dorte M.; Andersen, Lise Lotte; Lapolla, Annunziata; Dalfra, Maria; Bertolotto, Alessandra; Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE Ways to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain unproven. We compared the impact of three lifestyle interventions (healthy eating [HE], physical activity [PA], and both HE and PA [HE+PA]) on GDM risk in a pilot multicenter randomized trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pregnant women at risk for GDM (BMI &gt;= 29 kg/m(2)) from nine European countries were invited to undertake a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test before 20 weeks' gestation. Those without GDM were randomized to HE, PA, or HE+PA. Women received five face-to-face and four optional telephone coaching sessions, based on the principles of motivational interviewing. A gestational weight gain (GWG) &lt;5 kg was targeted. Coaches received standardized training and an intervention toolkit. Primary outcome measures were GWG, fasting glucose, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at 35-37 weeks. RESULTS Among the 150 trial participants, 32% developed GDM by 35-37 weeks and 20% achieved GWG &am...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13919
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Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
(2018)
Anand, Sonia S; Bosch, Jackie; Eikelboom, John W; Connolly, Stuart J; Diaz, Rafael; Wid...
Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
(2018)
Anand, Sonia S; Bosch, Jackie; Eikelboom, John W; Connolly, Stuart J; Diaz, Rafael; Widimsky, Peter; Aboyans, Victor; Alings, Marco; Kakkar, Ajay K; Keltai, Katalin; Maggioni, Aldo P; Lewis, Basil S; Störk, Stefan; Zhu, Jun; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; O'Donnell, Martin; Commerford, Patrick J; Vinereanu, Dragos; Pogosova, Nana; Ryden, Lars
Abstract:
Background Patients with peripheral artery disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents are widely used to reduce these complications. Methods This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial for which patients were recruited at 602 hospitals, clinics, or community practices from 33 countries across six continents. Eligible patients had a history of peripheral artery disease of the lower extremities (previous peripheral bypass surgery or angioplasty, limb or foot amputation, intermittent claudication with objective evidence of peripheral artery disease), of the carotid arteries (previous carotid artery revascularisation or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50%), or coronary artery disease with an ankle-brachial index of less than 0.90. After a 30-day run-in period, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive oral rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day), rivaroxab...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/10246
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Salt intake and cardiovascular disease: why are the data inconsistent?
(2018)
O'Donnell, M.J.; Mente, A.; Smyth, A.; Yusuf, S.
Salt intake and cardiovascular disease: why are the data inconsistent?
(2018)
O'Donnell, M.J.; Mente, A.; Smyth, A.; Yusuf, S.
Abstract:
Effective population-based interventions are required to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reducing salt intake has emerged as a leading target, with many guidelines recommending sodium intakes of 2.3 g/day or lower. These guideline thresholds are based largely on clinical trials reporting a reduction in blood pressure with low, compared with moderate, intake. However, no large-scale randomized trials have been conducted to determine the effect of low sodium intake on CV events. Prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between sodium intake and CV outcomes have been inconsistent and a number of recent studies have reported an association between low sodium intake (in the range recommended by current guidelines) and an increased risk of CV death. In the largest of these studies, a J-shaped association between sodium intake and CV death and heart failure was found. Despite a large body of research in this area, there are divergent interpretations o...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/13217
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Sexual intercourse, age of initiation and contraception among adolescents in ireland: findings from the health behaviour in school-aged children (hbsc) ireland study
(2018)
Young, Honor; Burke, Lorraine; Nic Gabhainn, Saoirse
Sexual intercourse, age of initiation and contraception among adolescents in ireland: findings from the health behaviour in school-aged children (hbsc) ireland study
(2018)
Young, Honor; Burke, Lorraine; Nic Gabhainn, Saoirse
Abstract:
Background: The need to tackle sexual health problems and promote positive sexual health has been acknowledged in Irish health policy. Young people's sexual behaviour however remains under-researched with limited national data available. Methods: This study presents the first nationally representative and internationally comparable data on young people's sexual health behaviours in Ireland. Self-complete questionnaire data were collected from 4494 schoolchildren aged 15-18 years as part of a broader examination of health behaviour and their context. The prevalence of sexual initiation, very early sexual initiation (&lt; 14 years) and non-condom use at last intercourse are reported and used as outcomes in separate multilevel logistic regression models examining associations between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics and young people's sexual behaviours. Results: Overall, 25.7% of boys and 21.2% of girls were sexually initiated. Older ag...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14494
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