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Displaying Results 4701 - 4725 of 4955 on page 189 of 199
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Using Expert-Derived Aesthetic Attributes to Help Users in Browsing Image Databases
(2011)
CONLAN, OWEN; HAMPSON, CORMAC
Using Expert-Derived Aesthetic Attributes to Help Users in Browsing Image Databases
(2011)
CONLAN, OWEN; HAMPSON, CORMAC
Abstract:
Image repositories often contain a large amount of metadata about their content. However many resources, such as photographs, have inherent aesthetic qualities that can be difficult to describe in a semantically consistent and usable manner, yet would be highly valuable for users in exploring large image repositories, such as Flickr. Automatically augmenting existing metadata with expert perspectives has the potential to give users a consistent aesthetic vocabulary to search and explore such repositories. SARA (Semantic Attribute Reconciliation Architecture) is a system that supports users to leverage domain expertise while searching for items in a metadata-rich domain. X2Photo is a tool built on SARA’s functionality to enable image searching based on a picture’s aesthetic characteristics and user-generated tags. This paper describes X2Photo in detail, the approach to augmenting visual media with expertise, and the evaluation results which reveal how semantically described aesthetic...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/59673
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Using group communication to support mobile augmented reality applications
(2002)
MEIER, RENE; CAHILL, VINNY
Using group communication to support mobile augmented reality applications
(2002)
MEIER, RENE; CAHILL, VINNY
Abstract:
Augmented reality and group communication in wireless ad-hoc networks form relatively new fields of research. When using group communication ordering and timeliness requirements are important. Moreover, when using wireless ad-hoc networks, the possibility of network partition is a serious consideration. In this paper we explore these three issues in the context of using group communication to support mobile augmented reality applications. We describe a policy that enables us to handle partitions and failures, while allowing the members in a partition to make progress, although limited by the application’s consistency requirements. We introduce an approach to determining the message ordering requirements needed to maintain a desired level of consistency and timeliness requirements that should be met in order to have the application state correspond to the sequence of events perceived in the real world.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/32506
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Using One Graph-Cut to Fuse Multiple Candidate Maps in Depth Estimation.
(2009)
PITIE, FRANCOIS
Using One Graph-Cut to Fuse Multiple Candidate Maps in Depth Estimation.
(2009)
PITIE, FRANCOIS
Abstract:
Graph-cut techniques for depth and disparity estimations are known to be powerful but also slow. We propose a graph-cut framework that is able to estimate depth maps from a set of candidate values. By employing a restricted set of candidates for each pixel, rough depth maps can be effectively refined to be accurate, smooth and continuous. The contribution of this work is to extend the graph structure proposed in the original papers on Graph-Cuts by Ishikawa and Roy, in such a way that sparse sets of candidates can be handled in one graph-cut.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/39300
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Using crowdsourcing and active learning to track sentiment in online media
(2010)
Brew, Anthony; Greene, Derek; Cunningham, Pádraig
Using crowdsourcing and active learning to track sentiment in online media
(2010)
Brew, Anthony; Greene, Derek; Cunningham, Pádraig
Abstract:
Tracking sentiment in the popular media has long been of interest to media analysts and pundits. With the availability of news content via online syndicated feeds, it is now possible to automate some aspects of this process. There is also great potential to crowdsource much of the annotation work that is required to train a machine learning system to perform sentiment scoring. We describe such a system for tracking economic sentiment in online media that has been deployed since August 2009. It uses annotations provided by a cohort of non-expert annotators to train a learning system to classify a large body of news items. We report on the design challenges addressed in managing the effort of the annotators and in making annotation an interesting experience.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2028
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Using Crowdsourcing for Labelling Emotional Speech Assets
(2010)
Tarasov, Alexey; Delany, Sarah Jane; Cullen, Charlie
Using Crowdsourcing for Labelling Emotional Speech Assets
(2010)
Tarasov, Alexey; Delany, Sarah Jane; Cullen, Charlie
Abstract:
<p>The success of supervised learning approaches for the classification of emotion in speech depends highly on the quality of the training data. The manual annotation of emotion speech assets is the primary way of gathering training data for emotional speech recognition. This position paper proposes the use of crowdsourcing for the rating of emotion speech assets. Recent developments in learning from crowdsourcing offer opportunities to determine accurate ratings for assets which have been annotated by large numbers of non-expert individuals. The challenges involved include identifying good annotators, determining consensus ratings and learning the bias of annotators.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/dmccon/49
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Using Dempster Shafer Theory of Evidence for Situation Inference
(2009)
McKeever, Susan; Ye, Juan; Coyle, Lorcan; Dobson, Simon
Using Dempster Shafer Theory of Evidence for Situation Inference
(2009)
McKeever, Susan; Ye, Juan; Coyle, Lorcan; Dobson, Simon
Abstract:
<p>In the domain of ubiquitous computing, the ability to identify the occurrence of situations is a core function of being 'context- aware'. Given the uncertain nature of sensor information and inference rules, reasoning techniques that cater for uncertainty hold promise for enabling the inference process. In our work, we apply the Dempster Shafer theory of evidence to determine situation occurrence based on uncertain sensor data and inference rules. We also describe a set of evidential operations for sensor mass functions using context quality and evidence accumulation for temporal situation detection. We demonstrate how our approach enables situation inference with uncertain information using a case study based on a published smart home activity data set.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomcon/86
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Using dempster-shafer theory to fuse multiple information sources in region-based segmentation
(2007)
Adamek, Tomasz; O'Connor, Noel E.
Using dempster-shafer theory to fuse multiple information sources in region-based segmentation
(2007)
Adamek, Tomasz; O'Connor, Noel E.
Abstract:
This paper presents a new method for segmentation of images into large regions that reflect the real world objects present in a scene. It explores the feasibility of utilizing spatial configuration of regions and their geometric properties (the so-called Syntactic Visual Features [1]) for improving the correspondence of segmentation results produced by the well-known Recursive Shortest Spanning Tree (RSST) algorithm [2] to semantic objects present in the scene. The main contribution of this paper is a novel framework for integration of evidence from multiple sources with the region merging process based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory [3] that allows integration of sources providing evidence with different accuracy and reliability. Extensive experiments indicate that the proposed solution limits formation of regions spanning more than one semantic object.
http://doras.dcu.ie/217/
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Using F-structures in machine translation evaluation
(2007)
Owczarzak, Karolina; van Genabith, Josef; Graham, Yvette; Way, Andy
Using F-structures in machine translation evaluation
(2007)
Owczarzak, Karolina; van Genabith, Josef; Graham, Yvette; Way, Andy
Abstract:
Despite a growing interest in automatic evaluation methods for Machine Translation (MT) quality, most existing automatic metrics are still limited to surface comparison of translation and reference strings. In this paper we show how Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) labelled dependencies obtained from an automatic parse can be used to assess the quality of MT on a deeper linguistic level, giving as a result higher correlations with human judgements.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15819/
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Using facial feature extraction to enhance the creation of 3D human models
(2005)
Boyle, Eamonn; Uscilowski, Bartlomiej; Molloy, Derek; Murphy, Noel
Using facial feature extraction to enhance the creation of 3D human models
(2005)
Boyle, Eamonn; Uscilowski, Bartlomiej; Molloy, Derek; Murphy, Noel
Abstract:
The creation of personalised 3D characters has evolved to provide a high degree of realism in both appearance and animation. Further to the creation of generic characters the capabilities exist to create a personalised character from images of an individual. This provides the possibility of immersing an individual into a virtual world. Feature detection, particularly on the face, can be used to greatly enhance the realism of the model. To address this innovative contour based templates are used to extract an individual from four orthogonal views providing localisation of the face. Then adaptive facial feature extraction from multiple views is used to enhance the realism of the model.
http://doras.dcu.ie/413/
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Using focus groups in studies of ISD team behaviour
(2010)
O hEocha, Colm; Conboy, Kieran
Using focus groups in studies of ISD team behaviour
(2010)
O hEocha, Colm; Conboy, Kieran
Abstract:
This paper discusses an innovative focus group approach used to study an Information Systems Development (ISD) environment. The research had to cope with the application of a broad framework, untested in practice, seeking to elicit potentially highly sensitive opinions and judgments in a highly pressurised, time-restricted environment. The researchers¿ design of the focus groups is discussed along with an evaluation of the final approach used. The paper concludes with a set of issues for future researchers to consider when designing focus groups for their own studies, along with a set of lessons learned and recommendations arising from the research team¿s experience in this study.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1486
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Using focus groups in studies of ISD team behaviour
(2011)
O hEocha, Colm; Conboy, Kieran; Wang, Xiaofeng
Using focus groups in studies of ISD team behaviour
(2011)
O hEocha, Colm; Conboy, Kieran; Wang, Xiaofeng
Abstract:
This paper discusses an innovative focus group approach used to study an Information Systems Development (ISD) environment. The research had to cope with the application of a broad framework, untested in practice, seeking to elicit potentially highly sensitive opinions and judgments in a highly pressurised, time-restricted environment. The researchers' design of the focus groups is discussed along with an evaluation of the final approach used. The paper concludes with a set of issues for future researchers to consider when designing focus groups for their own studies, along with a set of lessons learned and recommendations arising from the research team's experience in this study.
SFI
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/739
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Using Graphics Processor Units (GPUs) for automatic video structuring
(2007)
Kehoe, Peter; Smeaton, Alan F.
Using Graphics Processor Units (GPUs) for automatic video structuring
(2007)
Kehoe, Peter; Smeaton, Alan F.
Abstract:
The rapid pace of development of Graphic Processor Units (GPUs) in recent years in terms of performance and programmability has attracted the attention of those seeking to leverage alternative architectures for better performance than that which commodity CPUs can provide. In this paper, the potential of the GPU in automatically structuring video is examined, specifically in shot boundary detection and representative keyframe selection techniques. We first introduce the programming model of the GPU and outline the implementation of techniques for shot boundary detection and representative keyframe selection on both the CPU and GPU, using histogram comparisons. We compare the approaches and present performance results for both the CPU and GPU. Overall these results demonstrate the significant potential for the GPU in this domain.
http://doras.dcu.ie/443/
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Using High Pass Sigma-Delta Modulation for Class-S Power Amplifiers
(2007)
Ralph, Stephen; Farrell, Ronan
Using High Pass Sigma-Delta Modulation for Class-S Power Amplifiers
(2007)
Ralph, Stephen; Farrell, Ronan
Abstract:
Switching power amplifiers offer the potential for superior efficiencies if used at radio frequencies. However many existing bandpass architectures require a switching frequency four times that of the signal, making implementation difficult. In this paper we propose to use a high-pass sigma-delta modulator to reduce the switching rate to only twice of the signal. We will present a solution to the problem of the reflected image and demonstrate it’s viability for use in mobile telephony.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1342/
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Using hyperbolic geometry for visualisation of concept spaces for adaptive e-learning
(2006)
CASSIDY, KATHRYN; COGHLAN, BRIAN ARTHUR; DAGGER, DECLAN; WALSH, JOHN
Using hyperbolic geometry for visualisation of concept spaces for adaptive e-learning
(2006)
CASSIDY, KATHRYN; COGHLAN, BRIAN ARTHUR; DAGGER, DECLAN; WALSH, JOHN
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The Concept Space is an important part of an adaptive eLearning course. Understanding its structure from a traditional concept map is not, however, always straightforward. Hyperbolic trees are one alternative representation which can aid comprehension.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16639
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Using information about functions in selecting test cases
(2009)
Clermont, Markus; Parnas, David Lorge
Using information about functions in selecting test cases
(2009)
Clermont, Markus; Parnas, David Lorge
Abstract:
We consider the problem of generating a set of test cases from a black box specification. We focus on stress testing, i.e. picking test cases that seem most likely to reveal program bugs. Our approach assumes that so-called interesting points, i.e. points in a function’s domain where properties change, e.g. maxima, are likely to reveal any problems and examine how we can determine the interesting points for a function defined by a complex expression if we know the interesting points for the functions named in that expression.
SFI
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/152
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Using information technology to enhance control engineering education: some experiences
(2004)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
Using information technology to enhance control engineering education: some experiences
(2004)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
In the past decade, the use of computer based design and analysis tools, such as MATLAB/SIMULINK, has revolutionised practice in Control Engineering. Concepts that were previously only understandable after sustained mathematical analysis or experimental work may now be readily simulated on the computer. Over the past four years, the author has experimented with the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK, in the lecture and laboratory environment, with degree and taught masters students in control engineering at Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT). It has been found that the tool helps to increase student understanding of challenging topics, to act as motivation to further exploration and to demystify important design ideas. The author has also explored the use of interactive computer based tools that automate much of the design iteration, and provide, on the computer screen, the appropriate images of the iteration process. Such tools further enhance the quality of the learning experience for the s...
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/72
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Using machine-learning to assign function labels to parser output for Spanish
(2006)
Chrupała, Grzegorz; van Genabith, Josef
Using machine-learning to assign function labels to parser output for Spanish
(2006)
Chrupała, Grzegorz; van Genabith, Josef
Abstract:
Data-driven grammatical function tag assignment has been studied for English using the Penn-II Treebank data. In this paper we address the question of whether such methods can be applied successfully to other languages and treebank resources. In addition to tag assignment accuracy and f-scores we also present results of a task-based evaluation. We use three machine-learning methods to assign Cast3LB function tags to sentences parsed with Bikel’s parser trained on the Cast3LB treebank. The best performing method, SVM, achieves an f-score of 86.87% on gold-standard trees and 66.67% on parser output - a statistically significant improvement of 6.74% over the baseline. In a task-based evaluation we generate LFG functional-structures from the function tag-enriched trees. On this task we achive an f-score of 75.67%, a statistically significant 3.4% improvement over the baseline.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15270/
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Using Neural Networks to Reduce Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications
(2006)
McCoy, Aaron; Ward, Tomas; McLoone, Seamus; Delaney, Declan
Using Neural Networks to Reduce Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications
(2006)
McCoy, Aaron; Ward, Tomas; McLoone, Seamus; Delaney, Declan
Abstract:
Dead reckoning is the most commonly used predictive contract mechanism for the reduction of network traffic in Distributed Interactive Applications (DIAs). However, this technique often ignores available contextual information that may be influential to the state of an entity, sacrificing remote predictive accuracy in favour of low computational complexity. In this paper, we present a novel extension of dead reckoning by employing neuralnetworks to take into account expected future entity behaviour during the transmission of entity state updates (ESUs) for remote entity modeling in DIAs. This proposed method succeeds in reducing network traffic through a decrease in the frequency of ESU transmission required to maintain consistency. Validation is achieved through simulation in a highly interactive DIA, and results indicate significant potential for improved scalability when compared to the use of the IEEE DIS Standard dead reckoning technique. The new method exhibits relatively low ...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1446/
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Using NLP technology in CALL
(2004)
Greene, Cara E.; Keogh, Katrina; Koller, Thomas; Wagner, Joachim; Ward, Monica; van Gen...
Using NLP technology in CALL
(2004)
Greene, Cara E.; Keogh, Katrina; Koller, Thomas; Wagner, Joachim; Ward, Monica; van Genabith, Josef
Abstract:
This paper outlines the research and guiding research principles of the (I)CALL group at Dublin City University, Ireland. Our research activities include the development of (I)CALL systems targeted at a variety of user groups including advanced Romance language learners, intermediate to advanced German learners, primary and secondary school students as well as students with L1 learning disabilities requiring a variety of system types which cater to individual user needs and abilities. Suitable CL/NLP technology is incorporated where appropriate for the learner.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15669/
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Using ontologies in case-based activity recognition
(2011)
Knox, Stephen; Coyle, Lorcan; Dobson, Simon
Using ontologies in case-based activity recognition
(2011)
Knox, Stephen; Coyle, Lorcan; Dobson, Simon
Abstract:
Pervasive computing requires the ability to detect user activity in order to provide situation-specific services. Case-based reasoning can be used for activity recognition by using sensor data obtained from the environment. Pervasive computing systems can grow to be very large, containing many users, sensors, objects and situations, thus raising the issue of scalability. This paper presents a case-based reasoning approach to activity recognition in a smart home setting. An analysis is performed on scalability with respect to case storage, and an ontology-based approach is proposed for case base maintenance. We succeeded in reducing the casebase size by a factor of one thousand, while increasing the accuracy in recognising some activities.
SFI
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/672
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Using OpenStreetMap to deliver location-based environmental information in Ireland
(2009)
Ciepłuch , Błażej; Mooney, Peter; Jacob, Ricky; Winstanley, Adam
Using OpenStreetMap to deliver location-based environmental information in Ireland
(2009)
Ciepłuch , Błażej; Mooney, Peter; Jacob, Ricky; Winstanley, Adam
Abstract:
This paper outlines research work-in-progress on delivery of location-based services for environmental information in Ireland. A prototype web map service (WMS) is developed to deliver map-based environmental information using a specially customised version of the OpenStreetMap database. This WMS must deliver a location-based information package to the user: maps of the area that the user is viewing, key state-of-the-environment indicator information for that geographical area, and links to where the actual data and further environmental information can be obtained. This information package must be presented in a way that best matches the environmental preferences of the user. These preferences are derived from a set of 'user profiles' of potential users of the WMS. Software tools developed during this work to derive geospatial products from the OpenStreetMap database are described and some of our observations of working with OpenStreetMap are discussed. The paper closes w...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/2482/
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Using parse features for preposition selection and error detection
(2010)
Tetreault, Joel ; Foster, Jennifer; Chodorow, Martin
Using parse features for preposition selection and error detection
(2010)
Tetreault, Joel ; Foster, Jennifer; Chodorow, Martin
Abstract:
We evaluate the effect of adding parse features to a leading model of preposition usage. Results show a significant improvement in the preposition selection task on native speaker text and a modest increment in precision and recall in an ESL error detection task. Analysis of the parser output indicates that it is robust enough in the face of noisy non-native writing to extract useful information.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15989/
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Using peer review to enhance the quality of engineering laboratory reports
(2008)
Foley, Greg
Using peer review to enhance the quality of engineering laboratory reports
(2008)
Foley, Greg
Abstract:
Peer review of third year bioprocess engineering laboratory reports was introduced in an attempt to improve the standard of report writing in the BSc in Biotechnology degree programme at DCU. Preliminary results suggest that the review process leads to improved report writing skills. The student response to the initiative was very positive but it was strongly felt that the process should be anonymous. On average, marks awarded by students were higher than those awarded by the lecturer but there was a slight tendency to award more extreme marks.
http://doras.dcu.ie/2183/
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Using Perceptual Feedback To Determine Time-Space Threshold Values For Dead Reckoning
(2006)
Kenny, Alan; McLoone, Seamus; Ward, Tomas; Delaney, Declan
Using Perceptual Feedback To Determine Time-Space Threshold Values For Dead Reckoning
(2006)
Kenny, Alan; McLoone, Seamus; Ward, Tomas; Delaney, Declan
Abstract:
Entity state prediction mechanisms are used in order to reduce the number of packets required to maintain a consistent state in a Distributed Interactive Application (DIA). Typically in the case where the entity is representing a participant in a networked game this is achieved by continually comparing the output of a prediction algorithm against a player’s actual state. The state usually comprises position and orientation information in such cases. If the error exceeds a pre-defined threshold value, then an update packet is transmitted, which contains the player’s latest trajectory information. However, obtaining a suitable threshold value remains one of the key challenges that face such entity state prediction techniques. Furthermore, these methods can employ two different threshold metrics. These are spatial, which exploits distance measures, and time space, which uses both time and distance measures. While a spatial threshold value can be arguably determined based on a prior kno...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1282/
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Using percolated dependencies for phrase extraction in SMT
(2009)
Srivastava, Ankit K.; Way, Andy
Using percolated dependencies for phrase extraction in SMT
(2009)
Srivastava, Ankit K.; Way, Andy
Abstract:
Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems rely heavily on the quality of the phrase pairs induced from large amounts of training data. Apart from the widely used method of heuristic learning of n-gram phrase translations from word alignments, there are numerous methods for extracting these phrase pairs. One such class of approaches uses translation information encoded in parallel treebanks to extract phrase pairs. Work to date has demonstrated the usefulness of translation models induced from both constituency structure trees and dependency structure trees. Both syntactic annotations rely on the existence of natural language parsers for both the source and target languages. We depart from the norm by directly obtaining dependency parses from constituency structures using head percolation tables. The paper investigates the use of aligned chunks induced from percolated dependencies in French–English SMT and contrasts it with the aforementioned extracted phrases. We observe that ad...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15152/
Displaying Results 4701 - 4725 of 4955 on page 189 of 199
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