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Current Search:
'Biology' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 614 on page 10 of 25
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Distinct subpopulations of gy T cells are present in normal and tumor-bearing human liv
(2004)
Kenna, Tony; Golden-Mason, Lucy; Norris, Suzanne; Hegarty, John E.; O'Farrelly, Cl...
Distinct subpopulations of gy T cells are present in normal and tumor-bearing human liv
(2004)
Kenna, Tony; Golden-Mason, Lucy; Norris, Suzanne; Hegarty, John E.; O'Farrelly, Cliona; Doherty, Derek G.
Abstract:
gy T cells are thought to mediate immune responses at epithelial surfaces. We have quantified and characterized hepatic and peripheral blood gy T cells from 11 normal and 13 unresolved tumor-bearing human liver specimens. gy T cells are enriched in normal liver (6.6% of T cells) relative to matched blood (0.9%; P = 0.008). The majority express CD4CD8 phenotypes and many express CD56 and/or CD161. In vitro, hepatic gy T cells can be induced to kill tumor cell lines and release interferon-g, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-2 and interleukin- 4. Analysis of Vgand Vy chain usage indicated that Vy3+ cells are expanded in normal livers (21.2% of gy T cells) compared to blood (0.5%; P = 0.001). Tumor-bearing livers had significant expansions and depletions of gy T cell subsets but normal cytolytic activity. This study identifies novel populations of liver T cells that may play a role in immunity against tumors.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/327/
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Diverse populations of T cells with NK cell receptors accumulate in the human intestine in health and in colorectal cancer
(2004)
O'Keeffe, Joan; Doherty, Derek G.; Kenna, Tony; Sheahan, Kieran; O'Donoghue, ...
Diverse populations of T cells with NK cell receptors accumulate in the human intestine in health and in colorectal cancer
(2004)
O'Keeffe, Joan; Doherty, Derek G.; Kenna, Tony; Sheahan, Kieran; O'Donoghue, Diarmuid P.; Hyland, John M.; O'Farrelly, Cliona
Abstract:
T cells expressing NK cell receptors (NKR) display rapid MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity and potent cytokine secretion and are thought to play roles in immunity against tumors. We have quantified and characterized NKR+ T cells freshly isolated from epithelial and lamina propria layers of duodenum and colon from 16 individuals with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease and from tumor and uninvolved tissue from 19 patients with colorectal cancer. NKR+ T cell subpopulations were differentially distributed in different intestinal compartments, and CD161+ T cells accounted for over one half of T cells at all locations tested. Most intestinal CD161+ T cells expressed § g TCR and either CD4 or CD8. Significant proportions expressed HLA-DR, CD69 and Fas ligand. Upon stimulation in vitro, CD161+ T cells produced IFN- + and TNF- § but not IL-4. NKT cells expressing the V § 24V g 11 TCR, which recognizes CD1d, were virtually absent from the intestine, but colonic cells produced IFN- + in re...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/328/
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Genetic Variation in Clinical Varicella-Zoster Virus Isolates Collected in Ireland Between 2002 and 2003
(2004)
Carr, Michael J.; McCormack, Grace P.; Crowley, Brendan
Genetic Variation in Clinical Varicella-Zoster Virus Isolates Collected in Ireland Between 2002 and 2003
(2004)
Carr, Michael J.; McCormack, Grace P.; Crowley, Brendan
Abstract:
Analysis of genetic variation in 16 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates selected at random and circulating in the Irish population between March 2002 and February 2003 was carried out. A 919 bp fragment of the glycoprotein E gene (open reading frame 68) encompassing codon 150, at which a non-synonymous mutation defines the escape mutant VZV-MSP, and including two other epitope regions e1 and c1, was sequenced. No new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, indicating stability of these epitopes in clinical isolates of VZV. However, when four informative polymorphic markers consisting of defined regions from genes 1, 21, 50, and 54 were sequenced 14 variable nucleotide positions were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of three highly supported clades A, B, and C circulating in the Irish population. Approximately one third (6/16; 37.5%) of the Irish VZV isolates in this study belonged to genotype C, 4/16 (25%) to genotype A, and 4/16 (25%) to genotyp...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/332/
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Cortisol does not mediate the suppressive effects of psychiatric morbidity on natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study of patients with early breast cancer
(2004)
Garland, M.R.; Lavelle, E; Doherty, D; Golden-Mason, L.; Fitzpatrick, P; Hill, A; Walsh...
Cortisol does not mediate the suppressive effects of psychiatric morbidity on natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study of patients with early breast cancer
(2004)
Garland, M.R.; Lavelle, E; Doherty, D; Golden-Mason, L.; Fitzpatrick, P; Hill, A; Walsh, N; O'Farrelly, C
Abstract:
Background. There is evidence that depression impairs natural killer cell activity (NKA); this could have implications for anti-tumour immunity. Our aim was to examine the role of the hypothalamicâpituitaryâadrenal (HPA) axis in suppressing NKA in a population of patients with early breast cancer, screened for depression. Secondary aims were to study the relationship between psychological, endocrine and immune variables and baseline tumour characteristics. Methods. A cross-sectional population of female patients (n=55) with early breast cancer was sampled prior to primary surgery. Structured interview and psychometric instruments measured psychological distress. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate NK cells and lymphocytes were cryopreserved for use in a 51Cr-release assay, to estimate NKA. Midnight and three early morning saliva samples were collected to measure free cortisol levels. Tumour characteristics were obtained from hospital laboratory data. Results. A high rate of p...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/341/
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The Immune Response to Parvovirus B19 Exposure in previously Seronegative and Seropositive Individuals
(2006)
Doyle, Sean; Corcoran, Amanda
The Immune Response to Parvovirus B19 Exposure in previously Seronegative and Seropositive Individuals
(2006)
Doyle, Sean; Corcoran, Amanda
Abstract:
Little information is available on the immune response to parvovirus B19 after the administration of contaminated blood products. In the present study, we found that levels of B19 IgG in B19-seropositive recipients protect against reinfection and, after transfusion with pooled plasma containing B19 DNA ( IU/mL), increase from 1.6108 19â39 IU/mL to 50â100 IU/mL. We found that, in the presence of 1.6â2.2 108 IU of B19 DNA/mL in B19-seronegative recipients, a pooled-plasma B19 IgG level of 59.5 IU/mL is insufficient to prevent B19 transmission and subsequent seroconversion. These data should lead to improvements in the assessment of blood-product safety.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/352/
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Histatins: antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential
(2004)
Kavanagh, Kevin; Dowd, Susan
Histatins: antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential
(2004)
Kavanagh, Kevin; Dowd, Susan
Abstract:
Histatins are a group of antimicrobial peptides, found in the saliva of man and some higher primates, which possess antifungal properties. Histatins bind to a receptor on the fungal cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm where they target the mitochondrion. They induce the non-lytic loss of ATP from actively respiring cells, which can induce cell death. In addition, they have been shown to disrupt the cell cycle and lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Their mode of action is distinct from those exhibited by the conventional azole and polyene drugs, hence histatins may have applications in controlling drug-resistant fungal infections. The possibility of utilising histatins for the control of fungal infections of the oral cavity is being actively pursued with the antifungal properties of topical histatin preparations and histatin-impregnated denture acrylic being evaluated. Initial clinical studies are encouraging, having demonstrated the safety and efficacy of histatin ...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/354/
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Pre-exposure to yeast protects larvae of Galleria mellonella from a subsequent lethal infection by Candida albicans and is mediated by the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides
(2006)
Bergin, David; Murphy, Lisa; Keenan, Joanne; Clynes, Martin; Kavanagh, Kevin
Pre-exposure to yeast protects larvae of Galleria mellonella from a subsequent lethal infection by Candida albicans and is mediated by the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides
(2006)
Bergin, David; Murphy, Lisa; Keenan, Joanne; Clynes, Martin; Kavanagh, Kevin
Abstract:
Pre-exposure of the larvae of Galleria mellonella to Candida albicans or Saccharomyces cerevisiae protects against a subsequent infection with 106 C. albicans cells. This protection can also be induced by exposing larvae to glucan or laminarin prior to the administration of the potentially lethal inoculum. Analysis of the expression of genes coding for galiomicin, a defensin in G. mellonella, a cysteine-rich antifungal peptide gallerimycin, an iron-binding protein transferrin and an inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) from G. mellonella demonstrated increased expression, which is at its highest after 24 h of the initial inoculum. Examination of the expression of proteins in the insect haemolymph using 2D electrophoresis and MALDI TOF analysis revealed an increased expression of a number of proteins associated with the insect immune response to infection 24 h after the initial exposure. This study demonstrates that the larvae of G. mellonella can withstand a lethal inoculum ...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/355/
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Superoxide Production in Galleria mellonella Hemocytes: Identification of Proteins Homologous to the NADPH Oxidase Complex of Human Neutrophils
(2005)
Bergin, David; Reeves, Emer P.; Renwick, Julie; Wientjes, Frans B.; Kavanagh, Kevin
Superoxide Production in Galleria mellonella Hemocytes: Identification of Proteins Homologous to the NADPH Oxidase Complex of Human Neutrophils
(2005)
Bergin, David; Reeves, Emer P.; Renwick, Julie; Wientjes, Frans B.; Kavanagh, Kevin
Abstract:
esponse of mammals. The objective of the work presented here was to establish the mechanism by which insect hemocytes produce superoxide and to ascertain whether the proteins involved in superoxide production are similar to those involved in the NADPH oxidase-induced superoxide production in human neutrophils. Hemocytes of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) were shown to be capable of phagocytosing bacterial and fungal cells. The kinetics of phagocytosis and microbial killing were similar in the insect hemocytes and human neutrophils. Superoxide production and microbial killing by both cell types were inhibited in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride. Immunoblotting of G. mellonella hemocytes with antibodies raised against human neutrophil phox proteins revealed the presence of proteins homologous to gp91phox, p67phox, p47phox, and the GTP-binding protein rac 2. A protein equivalent to p40phox was not detected in insect hemocytes. Immunofl...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/357/
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Timing and Reconstruction of the Most Recent Common Ancestor of the Subtype C Clade of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
(2004)
Travers, Simon A. A.; Clewley, Jonathan P.; Glynn, Judith R.; Fine, Paul E. M.; Crampin...
Timing and Reconstruction of the Most Recent Common Ancestor of the Subtype C Clade of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
(2004)
Travers, Simon A. A.; Clewley, Jonathan P.; Glynn, Judith R.; Fine, Paul E. M.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Sibande, Felix; Mulawa, Dominic; McInerney, James O.; McCormack, Grace P.
Abstract:
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is responsible for more than 55% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. When this subtype first emerged is unknown. We have analyzed all available gag (p17 and p24) and env (C2-V3) subtype C sequences with known sampling dates, which ranged from 1983 to 2000. The majority of these sequences come from the Karonga District in Malawi and include some of the earliest known subtype C sequences. Linear regression analyses of sequence divergence estimates (with four different approaches)were plotted against sample year to estimate the year in which there was zero divergence from the reconstructed ancestral sequence. Here we suggest that the most recent common ancestor of subtype C appeared in the mid- to late 1960s. Sensitivity analyses, by which possible biases due to oversampling from one district were explored, gave very similar estimates.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/410/
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Some Desiderata for Liberal Supertrees
(2004)
Wilkinson, Mark; Thorley, Joseph L.; Pisani, David E.; Lapointe, Francois-Joseph; McIne...
Some Desiderata for Liberal Supertrees
(2004)
Wilkinson, Mark; Thorley, Joseph L.; Pisani, David E.; Lapointe, Francois-Joseph; McInerney, James O.
Abstract:
Although a variety of supertree methods has been proposed, our understanding of these methods is limited. In turn, this limits the potential for biologists who seek to construct supertrees to make informed choices among the available methods. In this chapter we distinguish between supertree methods that offer a conservative synthesis of the relationships that are agreed upon or uncontradicted by all the input trees and liberal supertree methods which have the potential to resolve conflict. We list a series of potential desiderata (i.e.desirable properties) of liberal supertree methods, discuss their relevance to biologists and highlight where it is known that particular methods do or do not satisfy them. For biologists, the primary aim of liberal supertree construction is to produce accurate phylogenies and most of our desiderata relate to this prime objective. Secondary desiderata pertain to the practicality of supertree methods, particularly their speed.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/411/
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Analysis of gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum through generation and characterisation of 960 ESTs
(2004)
Casey, Orla M.; Fitzpatrick, Richard; McInerney, James O.; Morris, Dermot G.; Powell, R...
Analysis of gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum through generation and characterisation of 960 ESTs
(2004)
Casey, Orla M.; Fitzpatrick, Richard; McInerney, James O.; Morris, Dermot G.; Powell, Richard; Sreenan, Joseph M.
Abstract:
To gain new insights into gene identity and gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) a directionally cloned CL cDNA library was constructed, screened with a total CL cDNA probe and clones representing abundant and rare mRNA transcripts isolated. The 5Vterminal DNA sequence of 960 cDNA clones, composed of 192 abundant and 768 rare mRNA transcripts was determined and clustered into 351 non-redundant expressed sequence tag (EST) groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 309 (88%) of the ESTs showed significant homology to existing sequences in the protein and nucleotide public databases. Several previously unidentified bovine genes encoding proteins associated with key aspects of CL function including extracellular matrix remodelling, lipid metabolism/steroid biosynthesis and apoptosis, were identified. Forty-two (12%) of the ESTs showed homology with human or with other uncharacterised ESTs, some of these were abundantly expressed and may therefore play an important role in...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/412/
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Gene prediction using the Self-Organizing Map: automatic generation of multiple gene models
(2004)
Mahony, Shaun; McInerney, James O.; Smith, Terry J.; Golden, Aaron
Gene prediction using the Self-Organizing Map: automatic generation of multiple gene models
(2004)
Mahony, Shaun; McInerney, James O.; Smith, Terry J.; Golden, Aaron
Abstract:
Background: Many current gene prediction methods use only one model to represent proteincoding regions in a genome, and so are less likely to predict the location of genes that have an atypical sequence composition. It is likely that future improvements in gene finding will involve the development of methods that can adequately deal with intra-genomic compositional variation. Results: This work explores a new approach to gene-prediction, based on the Self-Organizing Map, which has the ability to automatically identify multiple gene models within a genome. The current implementation, named RescueNet, uses relative synonymous codon usage as the indicator of protein-coding potential. Conclusions: While its raw accuracy rate can be less than other methods, RescueNet consistently identifies some genes that other methods do not, and should therefore be of interest to geneprediction software developers and genome annotation teams alike. RescueNet is recommended for use in conjunction with,...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/413/
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Mechanism of action of coumarin and silver(I)- coumarin complexes against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
(2007)
Thati, Bhumika; Noble, Andy; Rowan, Raymond; Creaven, Bernadette S.; Walsh, Maureen; Mc...
Mechanism of action of coumarin and silver(I)- coumarin complexes against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
(2007)
Thati, Bhumika; Noble, Andy; Rowan, Raymond; Creaven, Bernadette S.; Walsh, Maureen; McCann, Malachy; Egan, Denise
Abstract:
The anti-fungal activity and mode of action of a range of silver(I)- coumarin complexes was examined. The most potent silver(I)- coumarin complexes, namely 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I), 6-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I) and 4-oxy-3-nitrocoumarinbis(1,10-phenanthroline)silver(I), had MIC80 values of between 69.1 and 4.6 M against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. These compounds also reduced respiration, lowered the ergosterol content of cells and increased the trans-membrane leakage of amino acids. A number of the complexes disrupted cytochrome synthesis in the cell and induced the appearance of morphological features consistent with cell death by apoptosis. These compounds appear to act by disrupting the synthesis of cytochromes which directly aVects the cell's ability to respire. A reduction in respiration leads to a depletion in ergosterol biosynthesis and a consequent disruption of the integrity of the cell membrane. Disruption of cytochrome biosynth...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/486/
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Translocation of proteins homologous to human neutrophil p47phox and p67phox to the cell membrane in activated hemocytes of Galleria mellonella
(2006)
Renwick, Julie; Reeves, Emer P.; Wientjes, Frans B.; Kavanagh, Kevin
Translocation of proteins homologous to human neutrophil p47phox and p67phox to the cell membrane in activated hemocytes of Galleria mellonella
(2006)
Renwick, Julie; Reeves, Emer P.; Wientjes, Frans B.; Kavanagh, Kevin
Abstract:
Activation of the superoxide forming respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils, crucial in host defence, requires the cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox which translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation and activate flavocytochrome b558, the redox centre of this enzyme system. We have previously demonstrated the presence of proteins (67 and 47 kDa) in hemocytes of the insect Galleria mellonella homologous to proteins of the superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase complex of neutrophils. The work presented here illustrates for the first time translocation of homologous hemocyte proteins, 67 and 47 kDa from the cytosol to the plasma membrane upon phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA)activation. In hemocytes, gliotoxin (GT), the fungal secondary metabolite significantly suppressed PMA-induced superoxide generation in a concentration dependent manner and reduced translocation to basel nonstimulated levels. Primarily these results correlate translocation of hemocyte 47 and...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/487/
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of a series of substituted coumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I) complexes
(2006)
Creaven, Bernadette S.; Egan, Denise A.; Kavanagh, Kevin; McCann, Malachy; Noble, Andy;...
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of a series of substituted coumarin-3-carboxylatosilver(I) complexes
(2006)
Creaven, Bernadette S.; Egan, Denise A.; Kavanagh, Kevin; McCann, Malachy; Noble, Andy; Thati, Bhumika; Walsh, Maureen
Abstract:
A series of new coumarin-derived carboxylate ligands and their silver(I) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as for their antifungal activity against a clinical isolate of Candida albicans. The ligands were synthesised by either acid or base hydrolysis of their corresponding esters, which in turn were synthesised via the Knoevenegal reaction. The reaction of silver(I) nitrate with the coumarin carboxylate ligands in either aqueous or aqueous/ethanol solutions allowed the isolation of a series of novel Ag(I) carboxylate complexes. Whilst none of the ligands showed any antimicrobial activity, a number of the Ag(I) complexes exhibited potent activity. In particular, Ag(I) complexes of hydroxy-substituted coumarin carboxylates demonstrated potent activity against the clinically important methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium (MIC80 ...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/488/
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Whole-cell pertussis vaccine protects against Bordetella pertussis exacerbation of allergic asthma
(2005)
Ennis, Darren P.; Cassidy, Joseph P.; Mahona, Bernard P.
Whole-cell pertussis vaccine protects against Bordetella pertussis exacerbation of allergic asthma
(2005)
Ennis, Darren P.; Cassidy, Joseph P.; Mahona, Bernard P.
Abstract:
The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has increased in many countries and there has been speculation that immunization promotes allergic sensitization. Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates allergic asthmatic responses. We investigated whether whole-cell pertussis vaccine (Pw) enhanced or prevented B.pertussis induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Groups of mice were immunized with Pw, infected with B.pertussis and/or sensitized to ovalbumin. Immunological, pathological and physiological changes were measured to assess the impact of Pw immunization on immune deviation and airway function. Pw immunization modulated ovalbumin-specific serum IgE production, and reduced local and systemic IL-13 and other cytokine responses to sensitizing allergen. Histopathological examination revealed Pw immunization reduced the severity of airway pathology and decreased bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine exposure. Pw does not enhance airway IL-13 and consequently does not enhanc...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/508/
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Novel mechanism of immunosuppression by influenza virus haemagglutinin: selective suppression of interleukin 12 p35 transcription in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
(2005)
Noone, Cariosa M.; Lewis, Ellen A.; Frawely, Anne B.; Newman, Robert W.; Mahon, Bernard...
Novel mechanism of immunosuppression by influenza virus haemagglutinin: selective suppression of interleukin 12 p35 transcription in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
(2005)
Noone, Cariosa M.; Lewis, Ellen A.; Frawely, Anne B.; Newman, Robert W.; Mahon, Bernard P.; Mills, Kingston H.; Johnson, Patricia A.
Abstract:
Infection with influenza virus strongly predisposes an individual to bacterial superinfection, which is often the significant cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Little is known about the immunomodulating properties of the virus that lead to this phenomenon, but the effect of the viral components on the development of immune dendritic cells (DCs) may prove vital. In this study, activation of and cytokine secretion by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) following treatment with the influenza virus major antigen haemagglutinin (HA) were examined. HA selectively inhibits the release of LPS-induced interleukin 12 (IL12) p70, which is independent of IL10 secretion. Suppression occurs at the transcriptional level, with selective inhibition of p35- and not p40-subunit mRNA expression. The downregulation of IL12 p70 by influenza HA is a novel and unexplored pathway that may be relevant in the predisposition to ba...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/509/
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Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Protects against Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma Due to Bordetella pertussis in a Murine Model
(2005)
Ennis, Darren P.; Cassidy, Joseph P.; Mahon, Bernard P.
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Protects against Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma Due to Bordetella pertussis in a Murine Model
(2005)
Ennis, Darren P.; Cassidy, Joseph P.; Mahon, Bernard P.
Abstract:
The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has increased in many countries, and there has been speculation that immunization promotes allergic sensitization. Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates allergic asthmatic responses. We investigated whether acellular pertussis vaccine (Pa) enhanced or prevented B. pertussis-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Groups of mice were immunized with Pa, infected with B. pertussis, and/or sensitized to ovalbumin. Immunological, pathological, and physiological changes were measured to assess the impact of immunization on immune deviation and airway function. We demonstrate that immunization did not enhance ovalbumin-specific serum immunoglobulin E production. Histopathological examination revealed that immunization reduced the severity of airway pathology associated with sensitization in the context of infection and decreased bronchial hyperreactivity upon methacholine exposure of infected and sensitized mice. These data demonstrate un...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/510/
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IL-1b and TNF-a induce increased expression of CCL28 by airway epithelial cells via an NFjB-dependent pathway
(2005)
O'Gorman, Mary T.; Jatoi, Noor A.; Lane, Stephen J.; Mahon, Bernard P.
IL-1b and TNF-a induce increased expression of CCL28 by airway epithelial cells via an NFjB-dependent pathway
(2005)
O'Gorman, Mary T.; Jatoi, Noor A.; Lane, Stephen J.; Mahon, Bernard P.
Abstract:
CCL28 is a mucosal chemokine that attracts eosinophils and T cells via the receptors CCR3 and CCR10. Consequently, it is a candidate mediator of the pathology associated with asthma. This study examined constitutive and induced expression of CCL28 by A549 human airway epithelial-like cells. Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA of cultured cells and supernatants revealed constitutive levels of CCL28 expression to be low, whereas IL-1b and TNF-a, induced signiï¬cantly increased expression. Observations from induced sputum and human airway biopsies supported this. Signal transduction studies revealed that IL-1b and TNF-a stimulation induced NFjB phosphorylation in A549 cells, but antagonist inhibition of NFjB p50âp65 phosphorylation correlated with marked reduction of IL-1b or TNF-a induced CCL28 expression. Together these studies imply a role for CCL28 in the orchestration of airway inï¬ammation, and suggest that CCL28 is one link between microbial insult and the exacerbation of pathologies...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/511/
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Mite-related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea
(2007)
Lacey, N.; Delaney, S.; Kavanagh, K.; Powell, F.C.
Mite-related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea
(2007)
Lacey, N.; Delaney, S.; Kavanagh, K.; Powell, F.C.
Abstract:
Background Patients with papulopustular rosacea have a higher density of Demodex folliculorum mites on their faces than normal subjects but the role, if any, of their mites in initiating inflammation is disputed. Selective antibiotics are effective in reducing the inflammatory changes of papulopustular rosacea, but their mode of action is unknown. Objectives To investigate whether a D. folliculorum-related bacterium was capable of expressing antigens that could stimulate an inflammatory immune response in patients with rosacea. Methods A bacterium (Bacillus oleronius) was isolated from a D. folliculorum mite extracted from the face of a patient with papulopustular rosacea, and was investigated further. Results This bacterium produced antigens capable of stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation in 16 of 22 (73%) patients with rosacea but only five of 17 (29%) control subjects (P = 0Ã0105). This antigenic preparation was fractionated into 70 subfractions and the p...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/607/
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Letter to the Editor Evidence of Serological Cross-Reactivity between Genotype 1 and Genotype 3 Erythrovirus Infections
(2005)
Corcoran, A.; Doyle, S.; Allain, J.P.; Candotti, D.; Parsyan, A.
Letter to the Editor Evidence of Serological Cross-Reactivity between Genotype 1 and Genotype 3 Erythrovirus Infections
(2005)
Corcoran, A.; Doyle, S.; Allain, J.P.; Candotti, D.; Parsyan, A.
Abstract:
Candotti and colleagues (1) reported the prevalence of a third strain of human erythrovirus, genotype 3 (V9), in the Ghanaian population and, in part, concluded that a genotype 1 (B19)-based assay failed to detect genotype 3 immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 38.5% of Ghanaian samples containing genotype 3 antibodies. We disagree with this conclusion for the following reasons.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/609/
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Clann: investigating phylogenetic information through supertree analyses
(2005)
Creevey, C.J.; McInerney, J.O.
Clann: investigating phylogenetic information through supertree analyses
(2005)
Creevey, C.J.; McInerney, J.O.
Abstract:
Summary: Clann has been developed in order to provide methods of investigating phylogenetic information through the application of supertrees. Availability: Clann has been precompiled for Linux, Apple Macintosh and Windows operating systems and is available from http://bioinf.may.ie/software/clann. Source code is available on request from the authors. Supplementary information: Clann has been written in the C programming language. Source code is available on request.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/666/
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Evidence of Positive Darwinian Selection in Omp85, a Highly Conserved Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein Essential for Cell Viability
(2005)
Fitzpatrick, David A.; McInerney, James O.
Evidence of Positive Darwinian Selection in Omp85, a Highly Conserved Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein Essential for Cell Viability
(2005)
Fitzpatrick, David A.; McInerney, James O.
Abstract:
Omp85is a highly conserved outer membrane protein found in all gram-negative bacteria. It is essential for bacterial cell viability and plays an integral function in the positioning and folding of other outer membrane proteins into the bacterial outer membrane. We have employed a maximum likelihood and a maximum parsimony approach to detect evidence of positive Darwinian selection in Omp85hom ologues from 10 d-proteobacteria and have identified 14 amino acid sites that show evidence of being under the influence of adaptive evolution. Interestingly all sites bar one are concentrated within surface loops of the protein that most likely interact with host immune response or the surrounding environment. Alternatively amino acids within membrane-spanning regions of the protein are found to be under purifying selection most likely as a result of structural constraints.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/667/
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DPRml: distributed phylogeny reconstruction by maximum likelihood
(2005)
Keane, T.M.; Naughton, T.J.; Travers, S.A.A.; McInerney, J.O.; McCormack, G.P.
DPRml: distributed phylogeny reconstruction by maximum likelihood
(2005)
Keane, T.M.; Naughton, T.J.; Travers, S.A.A.; McInerney, J.O.; McCormack, G.P.
Abstract:
Motivation: In recent years there has been increased interest in producing large and accurate phylogenetic trees using statistical approaches. However for a large number of taxa, it is not feasible to construct large and accurate trees using only a single processor. A number of specialized parallel programs have been produced in an attempt to address the huge computational requirements of maximum likelihood. We express a number of concerns about the current set of parallel phylogenetic programs which are currently severely limiting the widespread availability and use of parallel computing in maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis. Results: We have identified the suitability of phylogenetic analysis to large-scale heterogeneous distributed computing. We have completed a distributed and fully cross-platform phylogenetic tree building program called distributed phylogeny reconstruction by maximum likelihood. It uses an already proven maximum likelihood-based tree building algor...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/669/
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The causes of protein evolutionary rate variation
(2006)
McInerney, James O.
The causes of protein evolutionary rate variation
(2006)
McInerney, James O.
Abstract:
The rate of protein evolution varies more than 1000-fold and, for the past 30 years, it was thought that the rate was determined by protein function. Drummond and co-workers have now shown that a single factor underlying mRNA expression, protein abundance and synonymous codon usage is the chief causal agent of protein evolutionary rate in yeast. It will be interesting to see whether this is shown to be a universal rule for all biological systems.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/670/
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