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Displaying Results 126 - 150 of 3656 on page 6 of 147
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Assessing the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles to treat cancer through magnetic hyperthermia
(2020)
HANNON, GARY
Assessing the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles to treat cancer through magnetic hyperthermia
(2020)
HANNON, GARY
Abstract:
5-year survival for pancreatic cancer is about 10% worldwide. A subset of this cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is estimated to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US by 2030. This cancer is commonly diagnosed late, so by the time the patient presents with symptoms, current treatments are ineffective against PDAC in its advanced stage. Research into novel therapies is therefore necessary to tackle this aggressive malignancy. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are small, magnetic materials with a variety of interesting properties that make them promising candidates for treating and diagnosing cancer. Upon exposure to external alternating magnetic fields, these materials can heat up and treat tumours through a procedure called magnetic hyperthermia. Moreover, this magnetic hyperthermia treatment can be incorporated into current treatment regimens for PDAC patients, where it has shown to enhance the effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Current...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91585
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Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia: a study of a large cohort of patients with lung cancer
(2019)
Chan, Vanessa W. Q.; Henry, Michael T.; Kennedy, Marcus P.
Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia: a study of a large cohort of patients with lung cancer
(2019)
Chan, Vanessa W. Q.; Henry, Michael T.; Kennedy, Marcus P.
Abstract:
Background: Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia are reported to be associated with poorer prognosis in lung cancer. Our study assessed the incidence of hyponatremia and hypercalcemia in a recent large cohort of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in an academic institution and correlated incidence with patient and tumour parameters. Methods: All patients presented at our regional lung cancer multidisciplinary team meeting between January 2011 and December 2016 were included. The incidence of hyponatremia (serum sodium ≤135 mEq/L) and hypercalcemia (serum calcium >2.62 mmol/L), including severity (mild, moderate or severe) was evaluated and stratified by tumour subtype and stage, and correlated with patient parameters. Results: A total of 624 patients (mean age, 67.4 years; 59.3% male) diagnosed with tissue-proven lung cancer were included. Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia were present in 31.6% (n=197) and 7.1% (n=44) at time of diagnosis. Hyponatremia occurred most commonly in patients ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9697
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Time trends in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Ireland, Northern Ireland and Israel, 1994-2013
(2017)
HAYES, CATHERINE; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Silverman, Barbara G.; Walsh, Paul M.; Gavin, An...
Time trends in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Ireland, Northern Ireland and Israel, 1994-2013
(2017)
HAYES, CATHERINE; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Silverman, Barbara G.; Walsh, Paul M.; Gavin, Anna T.
Abstract:
Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare time trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in populations with (1) similar genetics but different health care systems (Ireland and Northern Ireland [NI]) and (2)different genetics but similar health care system (Israeli Jews and Arabs) and to interpret the results. Methods: Age-standardized rates of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality for 1994?2013 in the 3 countries were obtained from national cancer registries and national statistics. Time trends in incidence, mortality, and incidence-to-mortality ratio were assessed by linear regression models applied to each country and between populations (Ireland-NI, Ireland?Israeli Jews, Israeli Jews?Arabs). Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC). Results: Ovarian cancer incidence and mortality rates in 1994 were similar in the countries studied. Thereafter a reduction in incidence and mortality was observed in Ireland (incidence APC1994?20...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91740
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In a bad place: Carers of patients with head and neck cancer experiences of travelling for cancer treatment
(2017)
Balfe, Myles; Keohane, Kieran; O'Brien, Katie; Gooberman-Hill, Rachael; Maguire, R...
In a bad place: Carers of patients with head and neck cancer experiences of travelling for cancer treatment
(2017)
Balfe, Myles; Keohane, Kieran; O'Brien, Katie; Gooberman-Hill, Rachael; Maguire, Rebecca; Hanly, Paul; O'Sullivan, Eleanor; Sharp, Linda
Abstract:
Purpose: To explore the effect that treatment-related commuting has on carers of patients with head and neck cancer. Method: Semi-structured interviews, thematically analysed, with 31 carers. Results: Treatment-related commuting had a considerable impact on carers of patients with head and neck cancer, both in practical terms (economic costs, disruption) and also in psychological terms. Many carers of patients with head and neck cancer described becoming distressed by their commute. Some carers from large urban cities appeared to have hidden commuting burdens. Some carers respond to commuting stress by ‘zoning out’ or becoming ‘like zombies’. Conclusions: Treatment-related travel for head and neck cancer can have significant practical and psychological impacts. Health professionals should be aware of the impacts that commuting can have on head and neck caregivers. Health services may be able to take practical steps, such as providing subsidized parking, to address head and neck ...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/11641/
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Regret and fear in prostate cancer: The relationship between treatment appraisals and fear of recurrence in prostate cancer survivors
(2017)
Maguire, Rebecca; Hanly, Paul; Drummond, Frances J.; Gavin, Anna; Sharp, Linda
Regret and fear in prostate cancer: The relationship between treatment appraisals and fear of recurrence in prostate cancer survivors
(2017)
Maguire, Rebecca; Hanly, Paul; Drummond, Frances J.; Gavin, Anna; Sharp, Linda
Abstract:
Objective: Fear of recurrence (FOR) is a key concern among survivors of all cancers. In prostate cancer, FOR varies with health and treatment type, but little is known about how survivors' appraisals of their treatment, and in particular, their level of regret over treatment decisions may affect this. Methods: A total of 1229 prostate cancer survivors between 2‐ and 5‐years postdiagnosis were invited to complete a postal questionnaire including a FOR scale, Decisional Regret Scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30 health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. Multiple regression analysis explored the impact of 3 blocks of factors on FOR: (1) demographic characteristics and disease extent, (2) primary treatment received and health status (treatment side effects and HRQoL), and (3) treatment appraisals, specifically satisfaction with information received regarding treatment and level of regret experienced over treatment decisions. ...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/12623/
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Comment on 'Interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review'
(2014)
Hussey, Juliette; Broderick, Julie
Comment on 'Interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review'
(2014)
Hussey, Juliette; Broderick, Julie
Abstract:
Background: To systematically review the effects of interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer. Methods: Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared an exercise intervention to a usual care comparison in sedentary people with a homogeneous primary cancer diagnosis, over the age of 18 years were eligible. The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials MEDLINE; EMBASE; AMED; CINAHL; PsycINFO; SportDiscus; PEDro from inception to August 2012. Results: Fourteen trials were included in this review, involving a total of 648 participants. Just six trials incorporated prescriptions that would meet current recommendations for aerobic exercise. However, none of the trials included in this review reported intervention adherence of 75% or more for a set prescription that would meet current aerobic exercise guidelines. Despite uncertainty around adherence in many of the included trials...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/92955
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Targeting Proteotoxic Stress in Cancer: A Review of the Role that Protein Quality Control Pathways Play in Oncogenesis.
(2019)
Ho Zhi Guang, Matthew; Kavanagh, Emma L.; Dunne, Luke Paul; Dowling, Paul; Zhang, Li; L...
Targeting Proteotoxic Stress in Cancer: A Review of the Role that Protein Quality Control Pathways Play in Oncogenesis.
(2019)
Ho Zhi Guang, Matthew; Kavanagh, Emma L.; Dunne, Luke Paul; Dowling, Paul; Zhang, Li; Lindsay, Sinéad; Bazou, Despina; Goh, Chia Yin; Hanley, Cathal; Bianchi, Giada; Anderson, Kenneth C.; O'Gorman, Peter; McCann, Amanda
Abstract:
Despite significant advances in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics the majority of cancer unfortunately remains incurable, which has led to continued research to better understand its exceptionally diverse biology. As a result of genomic instability, cancer cells typically have elevated proteotoxic stress. Recent appreciation of this functional link between the two secondary hallmarks of cancer: aneuploidy (oxidative stress) and proteotoxic stress, has therefore led to the development of new anticancer therapies targeting this emerging “Achilles heel” of malignancy. This review highlights the importance of managing proteotoxic stress for cancer cell survival and provides an overview of the integral role proteostasis pathways play in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. We further review the efforts undertaken to exploit proteotoxic stress in multiple myeloma (as an example of a hematologic malignancy) and triple negative breast cancer (as an example of a solid tumor), and give e...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13579/
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NK cell function and metabolism in human cancer
(2021)
Slattery, Karen
NK cell function and metabolism in human cancer
(2021)
Slattery, Karen
Abstract:
Natural Killer (NK) cells are important anti-cancer innate immune cells. They are essential for cancer immunosurveillance and their activity is associated with better outcome in cancer patients. Some of their key functions include expression of cytotoxic molecules such as granzymes, production of the anti-tumour cytokine IFN?, and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which involves the killing of tumour cells coated with antibodies. Highlighting the importance of this particular function, NK cell ADCC has been harnessed through the development of monoclonal antibody therapies such as Trastuzumab (anti-HER2, breast cancer) and Dinutuximab (anti-GD2, neuroblastoma), which boost NK cell mediated ADCC against patient tumours and have become mainstream in clinical practice. Despite their fundamental role in protection against cancer, the anti-tumour functions of NK cells often become impaired in patients who have cancer, an...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94912
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Can non-viral technologies knockdown the barriers to siRNA delivery and achieve the next generation of cancer therapeutics?
(2011)
Guo, Jianfeng; Bourre, Ludovic; Soden, Declan; O'Sullivan, Gerald C.; O'Drisc...
Can non-viral technologies knockdown the barriers to siRNA delivery and achieve the next generation of cancer therapeutics?
(2011)
Guo, Jianfeng; Bourre, Ludovic; Soden, Declan; O'Sullivan, Gerald C.; O'Driscoll, Caitríona M.
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the most wide-spread diseases of modern times, with an estimated increase in the number of patients diagnosed worldwide, from 11.3 million in 2007 to 15.5 million in 2030 (www.who.int). In many cases, due to the delay in diagnosis and high increase of relapse, survival rates are low. Current therapies, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, have made significant progress, but they have many limitations and are far from ideal. Although immunotherapy has recently offered great promise as a new approach in cancer treatment, it is still very much in its infancy and more information on this approach is required before it can be widely applied. For these reasons effective, safe and patient-acceptable cancer therapy is still largely an unmet clinical need. Recent knowledge of the genetic basis of the disease opens up the potential for cancer gene therapeutics based on siRNA. However, the future of such gene-based therapeutics is dependent on achieving successful de...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/934
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Protecting family interests: an interview study with foreign-born parents struggling on in childhood cancer care
(2012)
Pergert, Pernilla; Enskär, Karin; Björk, Olle; Ekblad, Solvig; Andrews, Tom
Protecting family interests: an interview study with foreign-born parents struggling on in childhood cancer care
(2012)
Pergert, Pernilla; Enskär, Karin; Björk, Olle; Ekblad, Solvig; Andrews, Tom
Abstract:
Sweden's population is gradually changing to become more multiethnic and diverse and that applies also for recipients of health care, including childhood cancer care. A holistic view on the sick child in the context of its family has always been a cornerstone in childhood cancer care in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the experiences and main concern of foreign-born parents in the context of paediatric cancer care. Interviews were performed with eleven foreign-born parents and data were analysed using a classic grounded theory approach. Foreign-born parents often feel in a position of powerless dependence, but family interests are protected in their approaches to interaction with healthcare staff , through cooperation, contesting, and reluctant resigning. Healthcare staff need to listen to foreign-born parents and deal with their concerns seriously to prevent powerless-dependence and work for trustful cooperation in the common fight against childho...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1080
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Novel targeted agents in Her-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer
(2013)
Tryfonopoulos, Dimitrios
Novel targeted agents in Her-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer
(2013)
Tryfonopoulos, Dimitrios
Abstract:
The development of Her-2 targeted therapies has improved the prognosis for patients with Her-2 positive breast cancer. However, not all Her-2 positive tumours respond to treatment with Her-2 antagonists. Triple negative cancers are resistant to hormone and Her-2 targeted therapies. This project focused on improving response in Her-2 overexpressing breast cancer and on developing effective targeted therapy strategies for triple negative breast cancer. We tested a number of multi-target kinase inhibitors (imatinib, sunitinib, pazopanib and dasatinib) in Her-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer cell lines, alone and in combination with other agents. Two of the Her-2 positive cell lines showed moderate sensitivity to sunitinib malate. Combined treatment with sunitinib and trastuzumab showed improved response compared to either drug alone, in the four Her-2 positive cell lines tested. Dasatinib inhibited growth in 3 of the 5 triple negative but in only 1 of the 4 Her-2 positive ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/18334/
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The impact of adjustment for socioeconomic status on comparisons of cancer incidence between two European countries
(2013)
Donnelly, David W.; Hegarty, Avril C.; Sharp, Linda; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Deady, Sandra; ...
The impact of adjustment for socioeconomic status on comparisons of cancer incidence between two European countries
(2013)
Donnelly, David W.; Hegarty, Avril C.; Sharp, Linda; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Deady, Sandra; McCluskey, Neil; Comber, Harry; Gavin, Anna
Abstract:
Background. Cancer incidence rates vary considerably between countries and by socioeconomic status (SES). We investigate the impact of SES upon the relative cancer risk in two neighbouring countries. Methods. Data on 229,824 cases for 16 cancers diagnosed in 1995–2007 were extracted from the cancer registries in Northern Ireland (NI) and Republic of Ireland (RoI). Cancers in the two countries were compared using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) adjusted for age and age plus area-based SES. Results. Adjusting for SES in addition to age had a considerable impact on NI/RoI comparisons for cancers strongly related to SES. Before SES adjustment, lung cancer incidence rates were 11% higher for males and 7% higher for females in NI, while after adjustment, the IRR was not statistically significant. Cervical cancer rates were lower in NI than in RoI after adjustment for age (IRR: 0.90 (0.84–0.97)), with this difference increasing after adjustment for SES (IRR: 0.85 (0.79–0.92)). For cancers wit...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3822
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The establishment of an ISO compliant cancer biobank for Jordan and its neighboring countries through knowledge transfer and training.
(2014)
BARR, MARTIN; GATELY, KATHY; O'BYRNE, KEN
The establishment of an ISO compliant cancer biobank for Jordan and its neighboring countries through knowledge transfer and training.
(2014)
BARR, MARTIN; GATELY, KATHY; O'BYRNE, KEN
Abstract:
Research studies aimed at advancing cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment depend on a number of key resources, including a ready supply of high-quality annotated biospecimens from diverse ethnic populations that can be used to test new drugs, assess the validity of prognostic biomarkers, and develop tailor-made therapies. In November 2011, KHCCBIO was established at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) with the support of Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) funding from the European Union (khccbio.khcc.jo). KHCCBIO was developed for the purpose of achieving an ISO accredited cancer biobank through the collection, processing, and preservation of high-quality, clinically annotated biospecimens from consenting cancer patients, making it the first cancer biobank of its kind in Jordan. The establishment of a state-of-the-art, standardized biospecimen repository of matched normal and lung tumor tissue, in addition to blood components such as serum, plasma, and white blood cells, was ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/71228
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2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer: early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer consensus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
(2014)
O'BYRNE, KEN
2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer: early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer consensus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
(2014)
O'BYRNE, KEN
Abstract:
To complement the existing treatment guidelines for all tumour types, ESMO organises consensus conferences to focus on specific issues in each type of tumour. The 2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer was held on 11-12 May 2013 in Lugano. A total of 35 experts met to address several questions on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in each of four areas: pathology and molecular biomarkers, first-line/second and further lines in advanced disease, early stage disease and locally-advanced disease. For each question, recommendations were made including reference to the grade of recommendation and level of evidence. This consensus paper focuses on 1st line / 2nd and further lines of treatment in advanced disease.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/71229
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Correlating transcriptional networks to breast cancer survival: a large-scale coexpression analysis.
(2013)
O'Driscoll, Lorraine
Correlating transcriptional networks to breast cancer survival: a large-scale coexpression analysis.
(2013)
O'Driscoll, Lorraine
Abstract:
Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) is a powerful 'guilt-by-association'-based method to extract coexpressed groups of genes from large heterogeneous messenger RNA expression data sets. We have utilized WGCNA to identify 11 coregulated gene clusters across 2342 breast cancer samples from 13 microarray-based gene expression studies. A number of these transcriptional modules were found to be correlated to clinicopathological variables (e.g. tumor grade), survival endpoints for breast cancer as a whole (disease-free survival, distant disease-free survival and overall survival) and also its molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2+ and basal-like). Examples of findings arising from this work include the identification of a cluster of proliferation-related genes that when upregulated correlated to increased tumor grade and were associated with poor survival in general. The prognostic potential of novel genes, for example, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/71510
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The effect of aerobic exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors-a pilot study.
(2013)
KENNEDY, MICHAEL; CONNOLLY, ELIZABETH; WALSH, JULIE; GUINAN, EMER
The effect of aerobic exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors-a pilot study.
(2013)
KENNEDY, MICHAEL; CONNOLLY, ELIZABETH; WALSH, JULIE; GUINAN, EMER
Abstract:
Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer development and recurrence. There are several hypothesised mechanisms for this including positive effects on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and favourable changes in anthropometric variables. This pilot study examined the effect of an 8-week aerobic exercise intervention on several of these outcomes, including body composition, the metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein (CRP) and physical activity, in breast cancer survivors 2?6 months post-chemotherapy. Methods Assessments were completed at baseline, at 8-weeks and 3-months post-intervention. Measures taken following a 12-h fast included body composition (bioimpedance analysis), metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose), insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment), CRP and physical activity (accelerometry and questionnaire). Participants were randomized to either ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/73115
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Comparison of BRCAx tumors with BRCA1-, BRCA2-carriers and non-familial breast cancer.
(2015)
BRACKEN, ADRIAN
Comparison of BRCAx tumors with BRCA1-, BRCA2-carriers and non-familial breast cancer.
(2015)
BRACKEN, ADRIAN
Abstract:
Aims Women with inherited pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have up to an 85% risk of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. However, only about 20% of familial breast cancer is attributed to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, while a further 5?10% are attributed to mutations in other rare susceptibility genes such as TP53, STK11, PTEN, ATM and CHEK2. Despite extensive efforts to explain the missing heritability of this disease, the majority of familial clustering in breast cancer remains largely unexplained. We aim to analyze the pathology of familial cases of which no pathogenic mutation is yet identified. Methods We compared the pathological phenotype of BRCA1/BRCA2 negative familial breast cancer (BRCAx) to BRCA1-positive, BRCA2-positive and sporadic cases without a family history. Age-adjusted analysis is summarized in odd's ratios and confidence intervals for tumor type, grade, lymph node, ER and HER2 status. Results We found non-familial cases to be mor...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/74173
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Circulating miRNAs miR-34a and miR-150 associated with colorectal cancer progression.
(2015)
Aherne, Sinéad T; Madden, Stephen F; Hughes, David J; Pardini, Barbara; Naccarati, Ales...
Circulating miRNAs miR-34a and miR-150 associated with colorectal cancer progression.
(2015)
Aherne, Sinéad T; Madden, Stephen F; Hughes, David J; Pardini, Barbara; Naccarati, Alessio; Levy, Miroslav; Vodicka, Pavel; Neary, Paul; Dowling, Paul; Clynes, Martin
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com">www.biomedcentral.com</a></p>
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Screening for the early detection of colorectal cancer is important to improve patient survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating cell-free miRNAs as biomarkers of CRC, and their efficiency at delineating patients with polyps and benign adenomas from normal and cancer patient groups.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The expression of 667 miRNAs was assessed in a discovery set of 48 plasma samples comprising normal, polyp, adenoma, and early and advanced cancer samples. Three miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-150, and miR-923) were further examined in a validation cohort of 97 subjects divided into the same five groups, and in an independent public dataset of 40 CRC samples and paired normal tissues.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:&l...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/physiolart/58
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A novel mechanism of regulating breast cancer cell migration via palmitoylation-dependent alterations in the lipid raft affiliation of CD44.
(2014)
Babina, Irina S; McSherry, Elaine A; Donatello, Simona; Hill, Arnold DK; Hopkins, Ann M
A novel mechanism of regulating breast cancer cell migration via palmitoylation-dependent alterations in the lipid raft affiliation of CD44.
(2014)
Babina, Irina S; McSherry, Elaine A; Donatello, Simona; Hill, Arnold DK; Hopkins, Ann M
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com">www.biomedcentral.com</a></p>
<p>INTRODUCTION: Most breast cancer-related deaths result from metastasis, a process involving dynamic regulation of tumour cell adhesion and migration. The adhesion protein CD44, a key regulator of cell migration, is enriched in cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. We recently reported that raft affiliation of CD44 negatively regulates interactions with its migratory binding partner ezrin. Since raft affiliation is regulated by post-translational modifications including palmitoylation, we sought to establish the contribution of CD44 palmitoylation and lipid raft affiliation to cell migration.</p> <p>METHODS: Recovery of CD44 and its binding partners from raft versus non-raft membrane microdomains was profiled in non-migrating and migrating breast cancer cell lines. Site-directed mutagenesis was...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/surgart/21
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Quality of life of Bahraini women with breast cancer
(2014)
Jassim, Ghufran Ahmed
Quality of life of Bahraini women with breast cancer
(2014)
Jassim, Ghufran Ahmed
Abstract:
<p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide as well as in Bahrain. This thesis investigates the quality o f life o f Bahraini women with breast cancer using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach.</p> <p>I also investigated the effect of psychological intervention in women with non metastatic breast cancer in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Twenty three trials were included and four meta-analyses were generated. The intervention proved to be effective in reducing anxiety, mood disturbance and depression (in group sessions). The improvement in survival is less promising and warrant more research before a solid conclusion can be made. The results should be interpreted cautiously considering the remarkable heterogeneity and shortcomings of included trials.</p> <p>I have presented data from a randomly recruited sample of 239 Bahraini women with breast cancer in a cross-sectional study. Results showed that women had a comp...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/phdtheses/135
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Nanomedicine applied to translational oncology: A future perspective on cancer treatment.
(2016)
Prina Mello, Adriele; Lysaght, Joanne; Movia, Dania; Reynolds, John
Nanomedicine applied to translational oncology: A future perspective on cancer treatment.
(2016)
Prina Mello, Adriele; Lysaght, Joanne; Movia, Dania; Reynolds, John
Abstract:
The high global incidence of cancer is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. By taking advantage of the properties of matter at the nanoscale, nanomedicine promises to develop innovative drugs with greater efficacy and less side effects than standard therapies. Here, we discuss both clinically available anti-cancer nanomedicines and those en route to future clinical application. The properties, therapeutic value, advantages and limitations of these nanomedicine products are highlighted, with a focus on their increased performance versus conventional molecular anticancer therapies. The main regulatory challenges towards the translation of innovative, clinically effective nanotherapeutics are discussed, with a view to improving current approaches to the clinical management of cancer. Ultimately, it becomes clear that the critical steps for clinical translation of nanotherapeutics require further interdisciplinary and international effort, where the whole s...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/74806
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Nerve Growth Factor in Cancer Cell Death and Survival
(2011)
Molloy, Niamh H.; Read, Danielle E.; Gorman, Adrienne M.
Nerve Growth Factor in Cancer Cell Death and Survival
(2011)
Molloy, Niamh H.; Read, Danielle E.; Gorman, Adrienne M.
Abstract:
One of the major challenges for cancer therapeutics is the resistance of many tumor cells to induction of cell death due to pro-survival signaling in the cancer cells. Here we review the growing literature which shows that neurotrophins contribute to pro-survival signaling in many different types of cancer. In particular, nerve growth factor, the archetypal neurotrophin, has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis over the past decade. Nerve growth factor mediates its effects through its two cognate receptors, TrkA, a receptor tyrosine kinase and p75NTR, a member of the death receptor superfamily. Depending on the tumor origin, pro-survival signaling can be mediated by TrkA receptors or by p75NTR. For example, in breast cancer the aberrant expression of nerve growth factor stimulates proliferative signaling through TrkA and pro-survival signaling through p75NTR. This latter signaling through p75NTR promotes increased resistance to the induction of cell death by chemotherapeutic t...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1902
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Increasing late stage colorectal cancer and rectal cancer mortality demonstrates the need for screening: a population based study in Ireland, 1994-2010
(2014)
Clarke, Nicholas; McDevitt, Joseph; Kearney, Patricia M.; Sharp, Linda
Increasing late stage colorectal cancer and rectal cancer mortality demonstrates the need for screening: a population based study in Ireland, 1994-2010
(2014)
Clarke, Nicholas; McDevitt, Joseph; Kearney, Patricia M.; Sharp, Linda
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: This paper describes trends in colorectal cancer incidence, survival and mortality from 1994 to 2010 in Ireland prior to the introduction of population-based screening. METHODS: We examined incidence (National Cancer Registry Ireland (NCRI) and mortality (Central Statistics Office) from 1994 to 2010. Age standardised rates (ASR) for incidence and mortality have been calculated, weighted by the European standard population. Annual percentage change was calculated in addition to testing for linear trends in treatment and case fraction of early and late stage disease. Relative survival was calculated considering deaths from all causes. RESULTS: The colorectal cancer ASR was 63.7 per 100,000 in males and 38.7 per 100,000 in females in 2010. There was little change in the ASR over time in either sex, or when colon and rectal cancers were considered separately; however the number of incident cancers increased significantly during 1994-2010 (1752 to 2298). The case fractions of...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2212
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Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in peopel with a solid tumor cancer diagnosis: the tip of the iceberg?
(2014)
WALSH, THOMAS
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in peopel with a solid tumor cancer diagnosis: the tip of the iceberg?
(2014)
WALSH, THOMAS
Abstract:
PURPOSE: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been linked to both cancer incidence and poor prognosis. The frequency of 25(OH)D tests and clinical factors associated with low levels in cancer patients are unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Electronic medical records from 2006 to 2007 of 39,252 adult solid tumor patients were reviewed. Data included demographics, cancer sites (primary and metastatic), and first serum 25(OH)D level during the study period. Laboratory data, comorbidities, selected medications, and anticancer treatment within the prior 2 months were recorded. Data were compared between (1) those tested and not tested and (2) 25(OH)D levels?10 ng/ml (deficient), 11-30 ng/ml (insufficient), and ?31 ng/ml (sufficient). Stepwise logistic regression identified independent predictors of low serum 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS: The cohort was 86% Caucasian and 48% female with a mean age of 63?14 years (mean?SD). The most prevalent cancer was breast (19%). In total, 2,0...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/76568
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The MyD88+ phenotype is an adverse prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer.
(2014)
MARTIN, CARA; SHEILS, ORLA; SMYTH, PAUL; FINN, STEPHEN; O'LEARY, JOHN; GALLAGHER, ...
The MyD88+ phenotype is an adverse prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer.
(2014)
MARTIN, CARA; SHEILS, ORLA; SMYTH, PAUL; FINN, STEPHEN; O'LEARY, JOHN; GALLAGHER, MICHAEL; BATES, MARK; SPILLANE, CATHY
Abstract:
The prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer is poor in part due to the high frequency of chemoresistance. Recent evidence points to the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and particularly its adaptor protein MyD88, as one potential mediator of this resistance. This study aims to provide further evidence that MyD88 positive cancer cells are clinically significant, stem-like and reproducibly detectable for the purposes of prognostic stratification. Expression of TLR4 and MyD88 was assessed immunohistochemically in 198 paraffin-embedded ovarian tissues and in an embryonal carcinoma model of cancer stemness. In parallel, expression of TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA and regulatory microRNAs (miR-21 and miR-146a) was assessed, as well as in a series of chemosensitive and resistant cancer cells lines. Functional analysis of the pathway was assessed in chemoresistant SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. TLR4 and MyD88 expression can be reproducibly assessed via immunohistochemistry using a semi-quantitative scoring ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/76590
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