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Displaying Results 15076 - 15100 of 15730 on page 604 of 630
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Reducing errors of wind speed forecasts by an optimal combination of post-processing methods
(2011)
Sweeney, Conor; Lynch, Peter; Nolan, Paul
Reducing errors of wind speed forecasts by an optimal combination of post-processing methods
(2011)
Sweeney, Conor; Lynch, Peter; Nolan, Paul
Abstract:
Seven adaptive approaches to post-processing wind speed forecasts are discussed and compared. 48-hour forecasts are run at horizontal resolutions of 7 km and 3 km for a domain centred over Ireland. Forecast wind speeds over a two year period are compared to observed wind speeds at seven synoptic stations around Ireland and skill scores calculated. Two automatic methods for combining forecast streams are applied. The forecasts produced by the combined methods give bias and root mean squared errors that are better than the numerical weather prediction forecasts at all station locations. One of the combined forecast methods results in skill scores that are equal to or better than all of its component forecast streams. This method is straightforward to apply and should prove beneficial in operational wind forecasting.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3403
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Scattered surface charge density: A tool for surface characterization
(2011)
RUNGGER, IVAN; NAYDENOV, BORISLAV GEORGIEV; SANVITO, STEFANO; MANTEGA, MAURO; BOLAND, JOHN
Scattered surface charge density: A tool for surface characterization
(2011)
RUNGGER, IVAN; NAYDENOV, BORISLAV GEORGIEV; SANVITO, STEFANO; MANTEGA, MAURO; BOLAND, JOHN
Abstract:
We demonstrate the use of nonlocal scanning tunneling spectroscopic measurements to characterize the local structure of adspecies in their states where they are significantly less perturbed by the probe, which is accomplished by mapping the amplitude and phase of the scattered surface charge density. As an example, we study single-H-atom adsorption on the n-type Si(100)-(4 × 2) surface, and demonstrate the existence of two different configurations that are distinguishable using the nonlocal approach and successfully corroborated by density functional theory.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61290
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Cell Proliferation Tracking Using Graphene Sensor Arrays
(2012)
HEGNER, MARTIN; DUESBERG, GEORG STEFAN
Cell Proliferation Tracking Using Graphene Sensor Arrays
(2012)
HEGNER, MARTIN; DUESBERG, GEORG STEFAN
Abstract:
The development of a novel label-free graphene sensor array is presented. Detection is based on modification of graphene FET devices and specifically monitoring the change in composition of the nutritive components in culturing medium. Micro-dispensing of Escherichia coli in medium shows feasibility of accurate positioning over each sensor while still allowing cell proliferation. Graphene FET device fabrication, sample dosing, and initial electrical characterisation have been completed and show a promising approach to reducing the sample size and lead time for diagnostic and drug development protocols through a label-free and reusable sensor array fabricated with standard and scalable microfabrication technologies.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61289
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Amorphous silica nanoparticles trigger nitric oxide/peroxynitrite imbalance in human endothelial cells inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects.
(2011)
RADOMSKI, MAREK; MEDINA MARTIN, CARLOS
Amorphous silica nanoparticles trigger nitric oxide/peroxynitrite imbalance in human endothelial cells inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects.
(2011)
RADOMSKI, MAREK; MEDINA MARTIN, CARLOS
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of noxious effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human endothelial cells. METHODS: Nanoparticle uptake was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical nanosensors were used to measure the nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) released by a single cell upon nanoparticle stimulation. The downstream inflammatory effects were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay. RESULTS: We found that the silica nanoparticles penetrated the plasma membrane and rapidly stimulated release of cytoprotective NO and, to a greater extent, production of cytotoxic ONOO(-). The low [NO]/[ONOO(-)] ratio indicated increased nitroxidative/oxidative stress and correlated closely with endothelial inflammation and necrosis. This imbalance was associated with nuclear factor ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61288
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Mutation of Semaphorin-6A Disrupts Limbic and Cortical Connectivity and Models Neurodevelopmental Psychopathology
(2011)
MORRIS, DEREK; CORVIN, AIDEN PETER; GILL, MICHAEL; MITCHELL, KEVIN
Mutation of Semaphorin-6A Disrupts Limbic and Cortical Connectivity and Models Neurodevelopmental Psychopathology
(2011)
MORRIS, DEREK; CORVIN, AIDEN PETER; GILL, MICHAEL; MITCHELL, KEVIN
Abstract:
Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism are characterised by cellular disorganisation and dysconnectivity across the brain and can be caused by mutations in genes that control neurodevelopmental processes. To examine how neurodevelopmental defects can affect brain function and behaviour, we have comprehensively investigated the consequences of mutation of one such gene, Semaphorin-6A, on cellular organisation, axonal projection patterns, behaviour and physiology in mice. These analyses reveal a spectrum of widespread but subtle anatomical defects in Sema6A mutants, notably in limbic and cortical cellular organisation, lamination and connectivity. These mutants display concomitant alterations in the electroencephalogram and hyper-exploratory behaviour, which are characteristic of models of psychosis and reversible by the antipsychotic clozapine. They also show altered social interaction and deficits in object recognition and working memory. Mice with mutations in Sema6...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61287
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Repetition coding as an effective error correction code for embedding information in DNA
(2011)
Haughton, David; Balado, Félix
Repetition coding as an effective error correction code for embedding information in DNA
(2011)
Haughton, David; Balado, Félix
Abstract:
The goal of DNA data embedding is to enable robust encoding of non-genetic information in DNA. This field straddles the areas of bioinformatics and digital communications, since DNA mutations can be seen as akin to a noisy channel from the point of view of information encoding. In this paper we present two algorithms which, building on a variant of a method proposed by Yachie et al., rely on repetition coding to effectively counteract the impact that mutations have on an embedded message. The algorithms are designed for resynchronising multiple, originally identical, information encoded DNA sequences, embedded within non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sections of a host genome. They use both BLAST and MUSCLE algorithms to accomplish this. Bit error rates at the decoder are established for mutations rates accumulated over a number of generations of the host organism. The empirical results obtained are compared to a theoretical bound for optimal decoding.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3405
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Genetic channel capacity revisited
(2011)
Balado, Félix
Genetic channel capacity revisited
(2011)
Balado, Félix
Abstract:
We revisit previous analyses on the computation of the maximum mutual information between a genetic sequence and its mutated versions down the generations, taking into account the protein translation mechanism of the genetic machinery. This amounts to the application of Shannon's capacity to the study of the transmission of genetic information. Studies on this subject were started by Yockey and then followed by a number of researchers. Here we refine prior analyses employing the Kimura model of base substitution mutations, which is more realistic than the Jukes-Cantor model used by all previous research on this topic. Furthermore we undertake exact computations where prior works just used approximations, and we propose two practical applications of genetic capacity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3406
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Cross terms of the Wigner distribution function and aliasing in numerical simulations of paraxial optical systems
(2010)
Healy, John J.; Rhodes, William T.; Sheridan, John T.
Cross terms of the Wigner distribution function and aliasing in numerical simulations of paraxial optical systems
(2010)
Healy, John J.; Rhodes, William T.; Sheridan, John T.
Abstract:
Sampling a function periodically replicates its spectrum. As a bilinear function of the signal, the associated Wigner distribution function contains cross terms between the replicas. Often neglected, these cross terms affect numerical simulations of paraxial optical systems. We develop expressions for these cross terms and show their effect on an example calculation
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3413
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Extended model of the photoinitiation mechanisms in photopolymer materials
(2009)
Liu, Shui; Gleeson, M. R.; Sabol, Dušan; Sheridan, John T.
Extended model of the photoinitiation mechanisms in photopolymer materials
(2009)
Liu, Shui; Gleeson, M. R.; Sabol, Dušan; Sheridan, John T.
Abstract:
In order to further improve photopolymer materials for applications such as data storage, a deeper understanding of the photochemical mechanisms which are present during the formation of holographic gratings has become ever more crucial. This is especially true of the photoinitiation processes, since holographic data storage requires multiple sequential short exposures. Previously, models describing the temporal variation in the photosensitizer (dye)concentration as a function of exposure have been presented and applied to two different types of photosensitizer, i.e., Methylene Blue and Erythrosine B, in a polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide based photopolymer. These models include the effects of photosensitizer recovery and bleaching under certain limiting conditions. In this paper, based on a detailed study of the photochemical reactions, the previous models are further developed to more physically represent these effects. This enables a more accurate description of the time varying dy...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3414
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Dual wavelength digital holographic Laplacian reconstruction
(2010)
Ryle, James P.; Li, Dayan; Sheridan, John T.
Dual wavelength digital holographic Laplacian reconstruction
(2010)
Ryle, James P.; Li, Dayan; Sheridan, John T.
Abstract:
Access to the spatial derivatives of an optical wave field can be used to enhance edge detection, focusing, and holographic imaging. It was recently shown that, by using digital holographic techniques, the Laplacian of an object field can be extracted. Here it is demonstrated that equivalent results can be found using two holograms captured at either two distances or with two appropriately related wavelengths. Experimental and numerical results confirming the theoretical analyses are presented. The proposed two-wavelength-based system requires no mechanical repositioning of the object and is shown to provide superior performance.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3412
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Examination of the photoinitiation processes in photopolymer materials
(2008)
Gleeson, M. R.; Liu, Shui; O'Duill, Sean; Sheridan, John T.
Examination of the photoinitiation processes in photopolymer materials
(2008)
Gleeson, M. R.; Liu, Shui; O'Duill, Sean; Sheridan, John T.
Abstract:
Holographic data storage requires multiple sequential short exposures. However, the complete exposure schedule may not necessarily occur over a short time interval. Therefore, knowledge of the temporally varying absorptive effects of photopolymer materials becomes an important factor. In this paper, the time varying absorptive effects of an acrylamide/polyvinylalcohol photopolymer material are examined. These effects are divided into three main photochemical processes, which following identification, are theoretically and experimentally examined. These processes are (i) photon absorption, (ii) photosensitizer recovery, and (iii) photosensitizer bleaching.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3410
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Temporal response and first order volume changes during grating formation in photopolymers
(2006)
Kelly, John V.; Gleeson, M. R.; Close, Ciara E.; O'Neill, Feidhlim T.; Sheridan, J...
Temporal response and first order volume changes during grating formation in photopolymers
(2006)
Kelly, John V.; Gleeson, M. R.; Close, Ciara E.; O'Neill, Feidhlim T.; Sheridan, John T.; Gallego, Sergi; Neipp, Cristian
Abstract:
We examine the evolution of the refractive index modulation when recording gratings in an acrylamide based photopolymer. A nonlocal diffusion model is used to predict theoretically the grating evolution. The model has been developed to account for both nonlocal spatial and temporal effects in the medium, which can be attributed to polymer chain growth. Previously it was assumed that the temporal effect of chain growth could be neglected. However, temporal effects due to chain growth and monomer diffusion are shown to be significant, particularly over short recording periods where dark field amplification is observed. The diffusion model is solved using a finite-difference technique to predict the evolution of the monomer and polymer concentrations throughout grating recording. Using independently measured refractive index values for each component of the recording medium, the Lorentz-Lorenz relation is used to determine the corresponding refractive index modulation. The corresponding ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3411
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Three-dimensional spatial information systems : state of the art review
(2009)
Schön, Bianca; Laefer, Debra F.; Bertolotto, Michela; Morrish, Sean
Three-dimensional spatial information systems : state of the art review
(2009)
Schön, Bianca; Laefer, Debra F.; Bertolotto, Michela; Morrish, Sean
Abstract:
A spatial information system (SIS) is critical to the hosting, querying, and analyzing of spatial data sets. The increasing availability of three-dimensional (3D) data (e.g. from aerial and terrestrial laser scanning) and the desire to use such data in large geo-spatial platforms have been dual drivers in the evolution of integrated SISs. Within this context, recent patents demonstrate efforts to handle large data sets, especially complex point clouds. While the development of feature-rich geo-systems has been well documented, the implementation of support for 3D capabilities is only now being addressed. This paper documents the underlying technologies implemented for the support for 3D features in SISs. Examples include ESRI’s ArcGIS geo-database with its support for two-and-a-half dimensions (2.5D) in its Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Triangular Irregular Network (TIN), the more recent development of the Terrain feature class, and support for 3D objects and buildings with its ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3407
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Lateral image degradation in terrestrial laser scanning
(2009)
Laefer, Debra F.; Fitzgerald, Michael; Maloney, Eoghan M.; Coyne, David; Lennon, Donal;...
Lateral image degradation in terrestrial laser scanning
(2009)
Laefer, Debra F.; Fitzgerald, Michael; Maloney, Eoghan M.; Coyne, David; Lennon, Donal; Morrish, Sean
Abstract:
The use of aerial laser scanning to detect change in infrastructure and buildings after major disasters has become increasingly common in recent years to help prioritize interventions. More recent efforts are being invested to apply laser scanning in the assessment and structural health monitoring of buildings to simplify and quicken building damage surveys by the automatic detection of defects and deformations. Technology application must, however, be done in cognizance of equipment constraints regarding scan angle, sampling size, and beam width. This article reports a series of laboratory and field experiments designed to begin to quantify and minimise the possible errors for effective defect detection via terrestrial laser scanning during surveying. Varying geometric positions that cause either over- or under-prediction of crack thickness and length as a function of both standoff distance and angle of obliquity between the scanner and the defect are presented. These may over-pred...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3408
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Ab initio and template-based prediction of multi-class distance maps by two-dimensional recursive neural networks
(2009)
Walsh, Ian; Baù, Davide; Martin, Alberto J. M.; Mooney, Catherine; Vullo, Alessandro; P...
Ab initio and template-based prediction of multi-class distance maps by two-dimensional recursive neural networks
(2009)
Walsh, Ian; Baù, Davide; Martin, Alberto J. M.; Mooney, Catherine; Vullo, Alessandro; Pollastri, Gianluca
Abstract:
Background: Prediction of protein structures from their sequences is still one of the open grand challenges of computational biology. Some approaches to protein structure prediction, especially ab initio ones, rely to some extent on the prediction of residue contact maps. Residue contact map predictions have been assessed at the CASP competition for several years now. Although it has been shown that exact contact maps generally yield correct three-dimensional structures, this is true only at a relatively low resolution (3–4 Å from the native structure). Another known weakness of contact maps is that they are generally predicted ab initio, that is not exploiting information about potential homologues of known structure. Results: We introduce a new class of distance restraints for protein structures: multi-class distance maps. We show that C trace reconstructions based on 4-class native maps are significantly better than those from residue contact maps. We then build two predictors o...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3409
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Characterizing and designing photopolymer materials
(2009)
Sheridan, John T.
Characterizing and designing photopolymer materials
(2009)
Sheridan, John T.
Abstract:
Understanding how photopolymers react to light exposure may fuel developments in holographic data storage.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3415
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A facile spin-cast route for cation exchange of multilayer perpendicularly-aligned nanorod assemblies
(2011)
Kelly, Dervla; Singh, Ajay; Barrett, Christopher A.; O'Sullivan, Catriona; Coughla...
A facile spin-cast route for cation exchange of multilayer perpendicularly-aligned nanorod assemblies
(2011)
Kelly, Dervla; Singh, Ajay; Barrett, Christopher A.; O'Sullivan, Catriona; Coughlan, Claudia; Laffir, Fathima R.; O'Dwyer, Colm; Ryan, Kevin M.
Abstract:
A facile spin cast route was developed to convert perpendicularly aligned nanorod assemblies of cadmium chalcogenides into their silver and copper analogues. The assemblies are rapidly cation exchanged without affecting either the individual rod dimensions or collective superlattice order extending over several multilayers.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3416
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'Yes, he can': a reappraisal of Syrian foreign policy under Bashar al-Asad
(2010)
Mohns, Erik; Cavatorta, Francesco
'Yes, he can': a reappraisal of Syrian foreign policy under Bashar al-Asad
(2010)
Mohns, Erik; Cavatorta, Francesco
http://doras.dcu.ie/15757/
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Nature of the Band Gap and Origin of the Conductivity of PbO2 Revealed by Theory and Experiment
(2011)
KEHOE, AOIFE; WATSON, GRAEME WILLIAM; SCANLON, DAVID
Nature of the Band Gap and Origin of the Conductivity of PbO2 Revealed by Theory and Experiment
(2011)
KEHOE, AOIFE; WATSON, GRAEME WILLIAM; SCANLON, DAVID
Abstract:
Lead dioxide has been used for over a century in the lead-acid battery. Many fundamental questions concerning PbO2 remain unanswered, principally: (i) is the bulk material a metal or a semiconductor, and (ii) what is the source of the high levels of conductivity? We calculate the electronic structure and defect physics of PbO2, using a hybrid density functional, and show that it is an n-type semiconductor with a small indirect band gap of ∼0.2 eV. The origin of electron carriers in the undoped material is found to be oxygen vacancies, which forms a donor state resonant in the conduction band. A dipole-forbidden band gap combined with a large carrier induced Moss-Burstein shift results in a large effective optical band gap. The model is supported by neutron diffraction, which reveals that the oxygen sublattice is only 98.4% occupied, thus confirming oxygen substoichiometry as the electron source.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61490
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Modelling of Atomic Imaging and Evaporation in the Field Ion Microscope
(2011)
BOLAND, JOHN
Modelling of Atomic Imaging and Evaporation in the Field Ion Microscope
(2011)
BOLAND, JOHN
Abstract:
Imaging and evaporation of atoms in the field ion microscope (FIM) has been modelled by using finite difference methods to calculate the voltage distribution around a tip and hence the electric field strength experienced by individual atoms. Atoms are evaporated based on field strength using a number of different mathematical models which yield broadly similar results. The tip shapes and simulated FIM images produced show strong agreement with experimental results for tips of the same orientation and crystal structure. Calculations have also been made to estimate the effects on resolution of using a field-sharpened tip for scanning probe microscopy.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61493
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Air-tightness field data for dwellings in Ireland
(2012)
DYER, MARK
Air-tightness field data for dwellings in Ireland
(2012)
DYER, MARK
Abstract:
Air-tightness plays a major role in both building energy performance and indoor environmental quality. Ireland's National Methodology for the calculation of energy performance of buildings, the Building Energy Rating (BER) includes air permeability characteristics. From an international perspective, many air permeability surveys have been carried out. However, there is a paucity of knowledge relating to the existing housing stock in Ireland. This paper reports the air permeability test results of 28 houses built between 1944 to 2008 and at varying stages of retrofit. The results are compared to past studies and compliance with the existing standards. The effect of construction type, age, design details and retrofitting on air permeability is examined. While statistically small the dwellings are broadly representative of the many that will be retrofitted over the coming years. This paper addresses the lack of practical research in air-tightness for new and retrofitted dwellings...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61487
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Development of Allele-Specific Therapeutic siRNA in Meesmann Epithelial Corneal Dystrophy.
(2011)
IRVINE, ALAN
Development of Allele-Specific Therapeutic siRNA in Meesmann Epithelial Corneal Dystrophy.
(2011)
IRVINE, ALAN
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy (MECD) is an inherited eye disorder caused by dominant-negative mutations in either keratins K3 or K12, leading to mechanical fragility of the anterior corneal epithelium, the outermost covering of the eye. Typically, patients suffer from lifelong irritation of the eye and/or photophobia but rarely lose visual acuity; however, some individuals are severely affected, with corneal scarring requiring transplant surgery. At present no treatment exists which addresses the underlying pathology of corneal dystrophy. The aim of this study was to design and assess the efficacy and potency of an allele-specific siRNA approach as a future treatment for MECD. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We studied a family with a consistently severe phenotype where all affected persons were shown to carry heterozygous missense mutation Leu132Pro in the KRT12 gene. Using a cell-culture assay of keratin filament formation, mutation Leu132Pro was shown to be significantl...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61492
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An Online Framework for Supporting the Evaluation of Personalised Information Retrieval Systems
(2011)
MULWA, CATHERINE; SHARP, MARY; LAWLESS, SEAMUS; WADE, VINCENT PATRICK
An Online Framework for Supporting the Evaluation of Personalised Information Retrieval Systems
(2011)
MULWA, CATHERINE; SHARP, MARY; LAWLESS, SEAMUS; WADE, VINCENT PATRICK
Abstract:
Scope - Personalised Information Retrieval (PIR) has been gaining attention because it investigates intelligent ways for enhancing content delivery. Web users can have personalised services and more accurate information. Problem - Several PIR systems have been proposed in the literature; however, they have not been properly tested or evaluated. Proposal - The authors propose a generally applicable web-based interface, which provides PIR developers and evaluators with: i) implicit recommendations on how to evaluate a specific PIR system; ii) a repository containing studies on user-centred and layered evaluation studies; iii) recommendations on how to best combine different evaluation methods, metrics and measurement criteria in order to most effectively evaluate their system; iv) a UCE methodology which details how to apply existing UCE techniques; v) a taxonomy of evaluations of adaptive systems; and vi) interface translation support (49 languages supported).
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61488
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Distinct and Overlapping Effector Functions of Expanded Human CD4, CD8α and CD4CD8α Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
(2011)
ATZBERGER, ANN; JACKSON, JOHN; O'REILLY, VINCENT; DOHERTY, DEREK; FEIGHERY, CONLET...
Distinct and Overlapping Effector Functions of Expanded Human CD4, CD8α and CD4CD8α Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
(2011)
ATZBERGER, ANN; JACKSON, JOHN; O'REILLY, VINCENT; DOHERTY, DEREK; FEIGHERY, CONLETH FRANCIS; ZENG, SHIJUAN GRACE
Abstract:
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have diverse immune stimulatory/regulatory activities through their ability to release cytokines and to kill or transactivate other cells. Activation of iNKT cells can protect against multiple diseases in mice but clinical trials in humans have had limited impact. Clinical studies to date have targeted polyclonal mixtures of iNKT cells and we proposed that their subset compositions will influence therapeutic outcomes. We sorted and expanded iNKT cells from healthy donors and compared the phenotypes, cytotoxic activities and cytokine profiles of the CD4(+), CD8α(+) and CD4(-)CD8α(-) double-negative (DN) subsets. CD4(+) iNKT cells expanded more readily than CD8α(+) and DN iNKT cells upon mitogen stimulation. CD8α(+) and DN iNKT cells most frequently expressed CD56, CD161 and NKG2D and most potently killed CD1d(+) cell lines and primary leukemia cells. All iNKT subsets released Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61494
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Anomalous magnetization reversal due to proximity effect of antiphase boundaries
(2011)
WU, HAN-CHUN; SHVETS, IGOR
Anomalous magnetization reversal due to proximity effect of antiphase boundaries
(2011)
WU, HAN-CHUN; SHVETS, IGOR
Abstract:
Here we report anomalous double switching hysteresis loop and high coercivity (∼0.1 T) in Fe3O4(110) thin films. Our analytical model based on spin chains confined within small antiphase boundary domains (APBDs) suggests a significant proximity effect of antiferromagnetic antiphase boundaries (APBs). Furthermore, the calculated domain size (D) follows the well-known scaling relation D=C√t. The results suggest that the interface exchange coupling between neighboring magnetic domains through antiferromagnetic APBs is responsible for the double switching hysteresis. Our findings could help advance the studies of anomalous properties of magnetic materials originating from growth defects. This effect can be utilized for the tunability of exchange bias in devices.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61491
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