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'Economics' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 76 - 100 of 1252 on page 4 of 51
Marked
Mark
An equilibrium search model of the informal sector
(2006)
Badaoui, Eliane; Strobl, Eric; Walsh, Frank
An equilibrium search model of the informal sector
(2006)
Badaoui, Eliane; Strobl, Eric; Walsh, Frank
Abstract:
We use an equilibrium search framework to model a formal- informal sector labour market where the informal sector arises endogenously. In our model large firms will be in the formal sector and pay a wage premium, while small firms are characterised by low wages and tend to be in the informal sector. Using data from the South African labour force survey we illustrate that the data is consistent with these predictions.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/955
Marked
Mark
Concentration curves, inequality and tax reform
(1995)
Madden, David (David Patrick)
Concentration curves, inequality and tax reform
(1995)
Madden, David (David Patrick)
Abstract:
This paper applies the concept of welfare dominance using concentration curves to household data for Ireland. It identifies marginal tax reforms which would be welfare-enhancing for all social welfare functions satisfying weak restrictions. It also examines cases where stronger restrictions need to be imposed on the social welfare function to yield dominance. These stronger restrictions which we label limited third degree stochastic dominance extends the range of welfare-enhancing marginal tax reforms.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/781
Marked
Mark
Growth and inequality in Ireland : 1987 - 1999
(2005)
Madden, David (David Patrick); Clancy, Cathal
Growth and inequality in Ireland : 1987 - 1999
(2005)
Madden, David (David Patrick); Clancy, Cathal
Abstract:
This paper analyses data from the Irish Household Budget Surveys of 1987, 1994 and 1999 to examine the evolution of inequality of income and expenditure over that period. The paper calculates Lorenz and Generalised Lorenz curves and also the Growth Incidence Curve of Ravallion and Chen to investigate the extent to which growth was “pro-poor”. The paper also examines the composition of changes in inequality of income over the period.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/776
Marked
Mark
Sources of health inequality for Irish women
(2002)
Madden, David (David Patrick)
Sources of health inequality for Irish women
(2002)
Madden, David (David Patrick)
Abstract:
This paper calculates the concentration index for self-assessed health for a sample of Irish women. It then decomposes the index to investigate the sources of this inequality using both a health production function and reduced form approach. Using the health production function approach it finds that age, employment status and exercise regime make the greatest contribution to income-related inequality in health outcomes. Using the reduced form approach it finds the greatest contribution to be made by age and education.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/775
Marked
Mark
Improved errors-in-variables estimators for grouped data
(2006)
Devereux, Paul J.
Improved errors-in-variables estimators for grouped data
(2006)
Devereux, Paul J.
Abstract:
Grouping models are widely used in economics but are subject to finite sample bias. I show that the standard errors-in-variables estimator (EVE) is exactly equivalent to the Jackknife Instrumental Variables Estimator (JIVE), and use this relationship to develop an estimator which, unlike EVE, is unbiased in finite samples. The theoretical results are demonstrated using Monte Carlo experiments. Finally, I implement a model of intertemporal male labor supply using microdata from the United States Census. There are sizeable differences in the wage elasticity across estimators, showing the practical importance of the theoretical issues even when the sample size is quite large.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/748
Marked
Mark
Optimally combining censored and uncensored datasets
(2008)
Devereux, Paul J.; Tripathi, Gautam
Optimally combining censored and uncensored datasets
(2008)
Devereux, Paul J.; Tripathi, Gautam
Abstract:
We develop a simple semiparametric framework for combining censored and uncensored samples so that the resulting estimators are consistent, asymptotically normal, and use all information optimally. No nonparametric smoothing is required to implement our estimators. To illustrate our results in an empirical setting, we show how to estimate the effect of changes in compulsory schooling laws on age at first marriage, a variable that is censored for younger individuals. Results from a small simulation experiment suggest that the estimator proposed in this paper can work very well in finite samples.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/744
Marked
Mark
Preferences for specific social welfare expenditure in Ireland
(2006)
Delaney, Liam; O'Toole, Francis
Preferences for specific social welfare expenditure in Ireland
(2006)
Delaney, Liam; O'Toole, Francis
Abstract:
Many papers examine general level preferences for redistribution. However, few papers examine preferences for specific forms of redistribution. This paper examines the decomposition of demand for three major categories of social welfare expenditure in Ireland: unemployment payments, old age pensions and child benefit. The determinants of preferences are found to be fairly consistent with a self-interested economics perspective with respect to the utilisation and financing of these three specific schemes. In addition, the split sampling procedure used in the nationwide survey indicated that the provision of information on the schemes’ costs did not have a significant effect on preferences.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/587
Marked
Mark
Measuring fuel diversity in power generation
(2006)
McCarthy, Colm; O'Dwyer, Jeremiah; Troy, Richard
Measuring fuel diversity in power generation
(2006)
McCarthy, Colm; O'Dwyer, Jeremiah; Troy, Richard
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/569
Marked
Mark
Alternative seasonal adjustment methods for aggregate Irish macroeconomic data
(2005)
McCarthy, Colm; Lawlor, John
Alternative seasonal adjustment methods for aggregate Irish macroeconomic data
(2005)
McCarthy, Colm; Lawlor, John
Abstract:
Three distinct strands can be identified in the literature on seasonality. Economists have long been interested in removing high-frequency "noise" from individual economic time series, or "deseasonalizing the data" in common parlance. The second strand, on which an extensive technical literature has been developed over recent decades, treats seasonality as just one element to be encompassed in multivariate dynamic time series modeling, while a final strand seeks to model the economics of seasonality as the outcome of maximizing behavior by producing and consuming agents. Direct and indirect approaches have been compared to the seasonal adjustment of Irish macroeconomic series published by the Central Statistics Office. The presumption in the literature is that the indirect method is likely to be preferred in most real-world situations, but it is an empirical question whether it makes any great practical difference. The results indicate that it makes a very big di...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/566
Marked
Mark
Health care expenditure in Ireland : a comparative analysis and policy issues
(1994)
Durkan, Joe
Health care expenditure in Ireland : a comparative analysis and policy issues
(1994)
Durkan, Joe
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1090
Marked
Mark
Health expenditure in Ireland : growth and control
(1994)
Durkan, Joe; Hughes, Jenny
Health expenditure in Ireland : growth and control
(1994)
Durkan, Joe; Hughes, Jenny
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1091
Marked
Mark
International trade and the environment : theoretical and policy linkages
(2005)
Neary, J. Peter
International trade and the environment : theoretical and policy linkages
(2005)
Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
I review and extend three approaches to trade and environmental policies: competitive general equilibrium, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The first two have surprisingly similar implications; deviation deviations from first best rules are justified only by constraints on policy choice (which motivates what I call a "single dividend" approach to environmental policy), and taxes and emissions standards differ in ways which reflect the Le Chatelier principle. I also show how environmental taxes may lead to a catastrophic relocation of industry in the presence of agglomeration effects, although not necessarily if there is a continuum of industries which differ in pollution intensity. An earlier version was presented as an invited plenary lecture to the European Association for Environmental and Resource Economics Conference, Oslo, 1999.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1261
Marked
Mark
The road less travelled : oligopoly and competition policy in general equilibrium
(2002)
Neary, J. Peter
The road less travelled : oligopoly and competition policy in general equilibrium
(2002)
Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
I review previous approaches to modelling oligopoly in general equilibrium, and propose a new view which in principle overcomes their deficiencies: modelling firms as large in their own market but small in the economy as a whole. Implementing this approach requires a tractable specification of preferences. Dixit-Stiglitz preferences (which imply iso-elastic perceived demand functions) could be used, but "continuum-quadratic" preferences (which imply linear perceived demand functions) are more convenient. To illustrate their usefulness, I construct a simple closed-economy model of oligopoly in general equilibrium and derive some surprising implications for competition policy.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1259
Marked
Mark
Foreign competition and wage inequality
(2001)
Neary, J. Peter
Foreign competition and wage inequality
(2001)
Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
I argue that increased foreign competition can affect technical choice and skill differentials even when actual imports do not rise significantly. I present a model of General Oligopolistic Equilibrium ("GOLE") in which a reduction in import barriers (whethe technological or policy-imposed) encourages more strategic investment by incumbent firms. The predictions accord with many of the stylised facts: higher skill premia; higher ratios of skilled to unskilled workers employed in all sectors and throughout the economy; little change in import volumes or prices; and rapid technological progress with rather little change in total factor productivity. (Presidential address to the International Economics and Finance Society, presented at the AEA/ASSA meetings, New Orleans, January 2001.)
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1270
Marked
Mark
Regional characteristics, monetary union and regional income volatility
(2001)
Barry, Frank
Regional characteristics, monetary union and regional income volatility
(2001)
Barry, Frank
Abstract:
Relatively little attention has been paid to the issue of how individual regions will fare as a consequence of the national decision on whether or not to adopt the single European currency. Regional welfare is influenced by both mean income and volatility. The present paper focuses on volatility. We develop a model of a regionally-integrated macroeconomy to explore how the income variance implied by the national decision on EMU is distributed across a country's regions. The model suggests that weaker regions are likely to do better than stronger regions with respect to volatility if the national economy participates in EMU.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1252
Marked
Mark
Robust rules for industrial policy in open economics
(2001)
Leahy, Dermot; Neary, J. Peter
Robust rules for industrial policy in open economics
(2001)
Leahy, Dermot; Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
The theory of strategic trade policy yields ambiguous recommendations for assistance to exporting firms in oligopolistic industries. However, some writers have suggested that investment subsidies are a more robust recommendation than export subsidies. We show that, though ambiguous in principle, the case for investment subsidies is reasonably robust in practice. Except when functional forms exhibit arbitrary non-linearities, it holds under both Cournot and Bertrand competition, with either cost-reducing or market-expanding investment, and with or without spillovers. Only if firms have strong asymmetries in their investment behaviour and engage in Bertrand competition is an investment tax clearly justified.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1281
Marked
Mark
Alternative instruments for institutional quality and the effect of european settlements on economic development
(2004)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Alternative instruments for institutional quality and the effect of european settlements on economic development
(2004)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Abstract:
The study of the effect of institutional quality on economic performance has a long tradition in economic development. Considering the problems of reverse causality in the link between economic development and institutions, most recent research employs instrumental variables for the measurement of this effect. The present paper explores the impact of European settlements on economic development. These settlements are explained as a function of climate, disease environment, and availability of land. Here these variables are found to determine to a great extent European settlements in Africa and the Americas. Consequently, these variables are used as instruments for institutional quality and the large effect of institutions on income per capita documented by previous studies is through them confirmed. This study finds evidence that limitations of other instruments are overcome using these variables as instruments.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1297
Marked
Mark
Globalisation and market structure
(2002)
Neary, J. Peter
Globalisation and market structure
(2002)
Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
This paper reviews some puzzling economic aspects of globalisation and argues that they cannot be satisfactorily addressed in perfectly or monopolistically competitive models. Drawing on recent work, a model of oligopoly in general equilibrium is sketched. The model ensures theoretical consistency by assuming that firms are large in their own markets but small in the economy as a whole, and ensures tractability by assuming quadratic preferences defined over a continuum of goods. Applications considered include the effects of trade liberalisation on industrial structure, on cross-border merger waves, and on the distribution of income between skilled and unskilled workers.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1306
Marked
Mark
On the impact of labor market matching on regional disparities
(2002)
Tharakan, Joe; Tropeano, Jean-Philippe
On the impact of labor market matching on regional disparities
(2002)
Tharakan, Joe; Tropeano, Jean-Philippe
Abstract:
We propose a model where imperfect matching between firms and workers on local labor markets leads to spatial agglomeration. We show that the occurrence of spatial agglomeration depends on initial size differences in terms of both number of workers and firms. We analyse the effect of different public policies. In our setting, the effect of a higher level of human capital on regional disparities depends on whether it makes workers more mobile on the labour market or more specialised. Policies that increase workers’ interregional mobility, increase the likelihood that regions diverge. Finally, competition policy is shown to reduce regional disparities.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1307
Marked
Mark
Absorptive capacity, R&D spillovers, and public policy
(2004)
Leahy, Dermot; Neary, J. Peter
Absorptive capacity, R&D spillovers, and public policy
(2004)
Leahy, Dermot; Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
Empirical evidence strongly suggests that R&D increases a firm’s "absorptive capacity" (its ability to absorb spillovers from other firms) as well as contributing directly to profitability. We explore the theoretical implications of this. We specify a general model of the absorptive capacity process and show that costly absorption both raises the effectiveness of own R&D and lowers the effective spillover coefficient. This weakens the case for encouraging research joint ventures, even if there is complete information sharing between its members. It also implies an additional strategic pay-off to policies that raise the level of extra-industry knowledge.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1312
Marked
Mark
Measuring competitiveness
(2005)
Neary, J. Peter
Measuring competitiveness
(2005)
Neary, J. Peter
Abstract:
This paper reviews alternative approaches to measuring an economy's cost competitiveness and proposes some new measures derived from the economic theory of index numbers. The indices provide a theoretical benchmark for estimated real effective exchange rates, but differ from standard measures in that they are based on marginal rather than average sectoral shares in GDP or employment. The use of the new indices is illustrated by some simple calculations which highlight the potential exposure of the Irish economy to fluctuations in the euro-sterling exchange rate.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1314
Marked
Mark
Exploring nonlinearity with random field regression
(2007)
Bond, D. (Derek); Harrison, Michael J.; O'Brien, Edward J. (Edward Joseph)
Exploring nonlinearity with random field regression
(2007)
Bond, D. (Derek); Harrison, Michael J.; O'Brien, Edward J. (Edward Joseph)
Abstract:
Random field regression models provide an extremely flexible way to investigate nonlinearity in economic data. This paper introduces a new approach to interpreting such models, which may allow for improved inference about the possible parametric specification of nonlinearity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1321
Marked
Mark
Geography, European settlements and compared development in the Americas
(2005)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Geography, European settlements and compared development in the Americas
(2005)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Abstract:
The interplay between factor endowments,institutionl development and economic performance has received considerable attention in recent years. This paper exploits the importance of geographic factors and institutional structures for explaining patterns of settlement and examines how these influenced growth outcomes. I find evidence that prospective European migrants preferred to settle in regions with favourable natural endowments and institutional packages designed to attract them. These settlers not only benefited from a growth-inducing institutional framework but also contributed actively to its quality in a mutually reinforcing relationship. Countries that competed for migrants achieved higher income levels through institutional development and better provision of public goods. Finally, my findings show that the link between European migrants and economic development is not linear, as the positive effects of attracting European settlers on institutions and public goods are set o...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1342
Marked
Mark
Geography, institutions, and compared development in Africa
(2007)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Geography, institutions, and compared development in Africa
(2007)
Silva, Luis Vaz
Abstract:
Recent years have seen a significant improvement in the economic performance of some African countries. The resulting increased dispersion in income levels across Africa, combined with the pertinence of detecting regional role models renders an intra-African analysis more attractive. In this paper I estimate the respective contribution of institutions, geography, and policies in determining income levels in sub-Saharan Africa. I find that income per capita in this region can be explained to a large extent with a few variables: quality of economic institutions, trade, population density in the 19th century, investment, mineral resources, and a dummy variable for small island nations. Contrary to other regions in the world, some policy variables remain significant after controlling for institutions in Africa. Measures of geography (climate, disease ecology, rainfall) have no direct effect on income levels once institutional quality is controlled for.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1343
Marked
Mark
Symposium on exchange rate policy and competitiveness
(1982)
McCarthy, Colm; Neary, J. Peter; Thom, Rodney; Walsh, Brendan M.
Symposium on exchange rate policy and competitiveness
(1982)
McCarthy, Colm; Neary, J. Peter; Thom, Rodney; Walsh, Brendan M.
Abstract:
The four papers in this symposium were originally presented at the Fifth Annual Economic Policy Conference of the Dublin Economics Workshop held in Killarney on October 15-17 1982 and are published together in this Policy Paper with only minor alterations. Taken together, they illustrate the complexity of the issues which must be faced in devising an exchange-rate policy as well as the diversity of views held by economists on the subject.
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1350
Displaying Results 76 - 100 of 1252 on page 4 of 51
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