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Displaying Results 551 - 575 of 597 on page 23 of 24
Marked
Mark
A Case-Based Explanation System for ‘Black-Box’ Systems
(2004)
Nugent, Conor; Cunningham, Pádraig
A Case-Based Explanation System for ‘Black-Box’ Systems
(2004)
Nugent, Conor; Cunningham, Pádraig
Abstract:
TCD-CS-2004-20
Most users of machine-learning products are reluctant to use the systems without any sense of the underlying logic that has led to the system’s predictions. Unfortunately many of these systems lack any transparency in the way they operate and are deemed to be ‘black boxes’. In this paper we present a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) solution to providing supporting explanations of black-box systems. This CBR solution uses locally derived feature ranking information that reflects the importance of each feature to a prediction and a locally adjusted case retrieval mechanism. The retrieval mechanism takes advantage of the derived feature weightings to help select cases that are a better reflection of the black-box solution and thus more convincing explanations. “Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.” - Pablo Picasso.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/13261
Marked
Mark
Developing a MovieBrowser for supporting analysis and browsing of movie content
(2008)
Mohamad Ali, Nazlena; Smeaton, Alan F.; Lee, Hyowon; Brereton, Pat
Developing a MovieBrowser for supporting analysis and browsing of movie content
(2008)
Mohamad Ali, Nazlena; Smeaton, Alan F.; Lee, Hyowon; Brereton, Pat
Abstract:
There is a growing awareness of the importance of system evaluation directly with end-users in realistic environments, and as a result some novel applications have been deployed to the real world and evaluated in trial contexts. While this is certainly a desirable trend to relate a technical system to a real user-oriented perspective, most of these efforts do not involve end-user participation right from the start of the development, but only after deploying it. In this paper we describe our research in designing, deploying and assessing the impact of a web-based tool that incorporates multimedia techniques to support movie analysis and browsing for students of film studies. From the very start and throughout the development we utilize methodologies from usability engineering in order to feed in end-user needs and thus tailoring the underlying technical system to those needs. Starting by capturing real users’ current practices and matching them to the available technical elements of...
http://doras.dcu.ie/629/
Marked
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Developing, deploying and assessing usage of a movie archive system among students of film studies
(2009)
Mohamad Ali, Nazlena; Smeaton, Alan F.; Lee, Hyowon; Brereton, Pat
Developing, deploying and assessing usage of a movie archive system among students of film studies
(2009)
Mohamad Ali, Nazlena; Smeaton, Alan F.; Lee, Hyowon; Brereton, Pat
Abstract:
This paper describes our work in developing a movie browser application for students of Film Studies at our University. The aim of our work is to address the issues that arise when applying conventional user-centered design techniques from the usability engineering field to build a usable application when the system incorporates novel multimedia tools that could be potentially useful to the end-users but have not yet been practiced or deployed. We developed a web-based system that incorporates features as identified from the students and those features from our novel video analysis tools, including scene detection and classification. We deployed the system, monitored usage and gathered quantitative and qualitative data. Our findings show those expected patterns and highlighted issues that need to be further investigated in a novel application development. A mismatch between the users’ wishes at the interviews and their actual usage was noted. In general, students found most of the p...
http://doras.dcu.ie/4578/
Marked
Mark
UniStore: Querying a DHT-based Universal Storage
(2007)
Karnstedt, Marcel; Hauswirth, Manfred
UniStore: Querying a DHT-based Universal Storage
(2007)
Karnstedt, Marcel; Hauswirth, Manfred
Abstract:
In recent time, the idea of collecting and combining large public data sets and services became more and more popular. The special characteristics of such systems and the requirements of the participants demand for strictly decentralized solutions. However, this comes along with several ambitious challenges a corresponding system has to overcome. In this demonstration paper, we present a light-weight distributed universal storage capable of dealing with those challenges, and providing a powerful and flexible way of building Internet-scale public data management systems. We introduce our approach based on a triple storage on top of a DHT overlay system, based on the ideas of a universal relation model and RDF, outline solved challenges and open issues, and present usage as well as demonstration aspects of the platform.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/577
Marked
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A Comparison of Model-Based and Incremental Case-Based Approaches to Electronic Fault Diagnosis
(1994)
Cunningham, Pádraig; Smyth, Barry
A Comparison of Model-Based and Incremental Case-Based Approaches to Electronic Fault Diagnosis
(1994)
Cunningham, Pádraig; Smyth, Barry
Abstract:
TCD-CS-94-21
CBR seems well suited to fault diagnosis because diagnostic episodes naturally form cases and much of expert competence seems to be based on reuse of old solutions. However, in many diagnosis problems it is difficult to compile a complete case description in advance, consequently the conventional one-shot case retrieval methodology will not work. In this paper we introduce a set of fault diagnosis problems that have this characteristic and we describe a model-based goal-driven system that produces focused questions that request extra information required for diagnosis. The central contribution in this paper is a description of a CBR system that also has this characteristic of producing focused questions in diagnosis. We describe the information theoretic mechanism that allows the CBR system to do this and we present an evaluation of the CBR system and a comparison of the two systems.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/12780
Marked
Mark
A Comparison of Incremental Case-Based Reasoning and Inductive Learning
(1994)
Smyth, Barry; Cunningham, Pádraig
A Comparison of Incremental Case-Based Reasoning and Inductive Learning
(1994)
Smyth, Barry; Cunningham, Pádraig
Abstract:
TCD-CS-94-13
This paper focuses on problems where the reuse of old solutions seems appropriate but the conventional CBR methodology is not adequate because a complete description of the new problem is not available to trigger case retrieval. We describe an information theoretic technique that solves this problem by producing focused questions to fill out the case description. This use of information theoretic techniques in CBR raises the question of whether a standard inductive learning approach would not solve this problem adequately. The main contribution of this paper is an evaluation of how this incremental case-based reasoning compares with a pure inductive learning approach to the same task.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/12944
Marked
Mark
Expanding sensor networks to automate knowledge acquisition
(2011)
Conroy, Kenneth; May, Gregory; Roantree, Mark; Warrington, Giles
Expanding sensor networks to automate knowledge acquisition
(2011)
Conroy, Kenneth; May, Gregory; Roantree, Mark; Warrington, Giles
Abstract:
The availability of accurate, low-cost sensors to scientists has resulted in widespread deployment in a variety of sporting and health environments. The sensor data output is often in a raw, proprietary or unstructured format. As a result, it is often difficult to query multiple sensors for complex properties or actions. In our research, we deploy a heterogeneous sensor network to detect the various biological and physiological properties in athletes during training activities. The goal for exercise physiologists is to quickly identify key intervals in exercise such as moments of stress or fatigue. This is not currently possible because of low level sensors and a lack of query language support. Thus, our motivation is to expand the sensor network with a contextual layer that enriches raw sensor data, so that it can be exploited by a high level query language. To achieve this, the domain expert specifies events in a tradiational event-condition-action format to deliver the required c...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16581/
Marked
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Open source software, the future of medical imaging?
(2006)
Henriksen, June; Bellika, Johan Gustav; Gurrin, Cathal; Hartvigsen, Gunnar
Open source software, the future of medical imaging?
(2006)
Henriksen, June; Bellika, Johan Gustav; Gurrin, Cathal; Hartvigsen, Gunnar
Abstract:
Medical imaging and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in particular, have appeared to be one of the promising areas for Open Source Software (OSS). Open source medical imaging solutions do exist, including PACS, but are not widely deployed at hospitals and health care establishments, which prevents them from achieving their full potential. In most cases where medical OSS systems exist (i.e. not necessarily PACS), it is to a very limited degree, and typically out of sight of the common user. Research we have conducted on medical software companies in North Norway and three hospitals in Europe suggests that if open source medical software is to become a useful alternative to proprietary software, that firstly, the initiative must be taken by the public health services and secondly, that it will require a shift from software companies (from sale-value oriented to service oriented). However, it would be naïve to rely on existing proprietary companies to initiate such a ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/314/
Marked
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Voice processing for automatic TV sports program highlights detection
(2003)
Marlow, Seán; Sadlier, David A.; O'Connor, Noel E.; Murphy, Noel
Voice processing for automatic TV sports program highlights detection
(2003)
Marlow, Seán; Sadlier, David A.; O'Connor, Noel E.; Murphy, Noel
Abstract:
The imminent rapid expansion in the number of TV channels is driving the need for efficient digital video indexing, browsing and playback systems. For the past four years, the Centre for Digital Video Processing in DCU has been working towards the provision of such a system. The current stage of development is demonstrated on our Web-based digital video system called Físchlár [1,2], which is now in hourly use by over 1000 registered users. At present a user can pre-set the recording of TV broadcast programmes and can choose from a set of different browser interfaces which allow navigation through the recorded programmes. As our research has developed we have been adding increased functionality such as personalisation and programme recommendation, automatic recording, SMS/WAP/PDA alerting, searching, summarising and so on. There have been many approaches to automatic highlight detection and summarization of sports programmes [3-6]. However, most methods are oriented to particular spo...
http://doras.dcu.ie/321/
Marked
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The Físchlár digital library: networked access to a video archive of TV news
(2002)
Smeaton, Alan F.
The Físchlár digital library: networked access to a video archive of TV news
(2002)
Smeaton, Alan F.
Abstract:
This paper presents an overview of the Físchlár digital library, a collection of over 300 hours of broadcast TV content which has been indexed to allow searching, browsing and playback of video. The system is in daily use by over 1,500 users on our University campus and is used for teaching and learning, for research, and for entertainment. It is shortly to be made available to University libraries elsewhere in Ireland. The infrastructure we use is a Gigabit ETHERNET backbone and a conventional web browser for searching and browsing video content, with a browser plug-in for streaming video. As well as providing an overview of the system, the paper concentrates on the complimentary navigation techniques of browsing and searching which are supported within Físchlár.
http://doras.dcu.ie/328/
Marked
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An automatic technique for visual quality classification for MPEG-1 video
(2001)
Sav, Sorin; Marlow, Seán; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.
An automatic technique for visual quality classification for MPEG-1 video
(2001)
Sav, Sorin; Marlow, Seán; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.
Abstract:
The Centre for Digital Video Processing at Dublin City University developed Fischlar [1], a web-based system for recording, analysis, browsing and playback of digitally captured television programs. One major issue for Fischlar is the automatic evaluation of video quality in order to avoid processing and storage of corrupted data. In this paper we propose an automatic classification technique that detects the video content quality in order to provide a decision criterion for the processing and storage stages.
http://doras.dcu.ie/331/
Marked
Mark
Físchlár on a PDA: handheld user interface design to a video indexing, browsing and playback system
(2001)
Lee, Hyowon; Smeaton, Alan F.; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.; Marlow, Seán
Físchlár on a PDA: handheld user interface design to a video indexing, browsing and playback system
(2001)
Lee, Hyowon; Smeaton, Alan F.; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.; Marlow, Seán
Abstract:
The Físchlár digital video system is a web-based system for recording, analysis, browsing and playback of TV programmes which currently has about 350 users. Although the user interface to the system is designed for desktop PCs with a large screen and a mouse, we are developing versions to allow the use of mobile devices to access the system to record and browse the video content. In this paper, the design of a PDA user interface to video content browsing is considered. We use a design framework we have developed previously to be able to specify various video browsing interface styles thus making it possible to design for all potential users and their various environments. We can then apply this to the particulars of the PDA's small, touch-sensitive screen and the mobile environment where it will be used. The resultant video browsing interfaces have highly interactive interfaces yet are simple, which requires relatively less visual attention and focusing, and can be comfortably ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/333/
Marked
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User-interface issues for browsing digital video
(1999)
Lee, Hyowon; Smeaton, Alan F.; Furner, Jonathan
User-interface issues for browsing digital video
(1999)
Lee, Hyowon; Smeaton, Alan F.; Furner, Jonathan
Abstract:
In this paper we examine a suite of systems for content-based indexing and browsing of digital video and we identify a superset of features and functions which are provided by these systems. From our classification of these we have identified that common to all is the fact of being predominantly technology-based, with little attention paid to actual user requirements. As part of our work we are developing an application for content-based browsing of digital video which will incorporate the most desirable but achievable of the functions of other systems. This will be achieved via a series of continuously refined demonstrator systems from Spring 1999 onwards which will be subjected to analysis of performance in terms of user.
http://doras.dcu.ie/345/
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My digital photos: where and when?
(2005)
O'Hare, Neil; Gurrin, Cathal; Lee, Hyowon; Murphy, Noel; Smeaton, Alan F.; Jones, ...
My digital photos: where and when?
(2005)
O'Hare, Neil; Gurrin, Cathal; Lee, Hyowon; Murphy, Noel; Smeaton, Alan F.; Jones, Gareth J.F.
Abstract:
In recent years digital cameras have seen an enormous rise in popularity, leading to a huge increase in the quantity of digital photos being taken. This brings with it the challenge of organising these large collections. We preset work which organises personal digital photo collections based on date/time and GPS location, which we believe will become a key organisational methodology over the next few years as consumer digital cameras evolve to incorporate GPS and as cameras in mobile phones spread further. The accompanying video illustrates the results of our research into digital photo management tools which contains a series of screen and user interactions highlighting how a user utilises the tools we are developing to manage a personal archive of digital photos.
http://doras.dcu.ie/352/
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The Físchlár digital video system: a digital library of broadcast TV programmes
(2001)
Smeaton, Alan F.; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.; Marlow, Seán; Lee, Hyowon; McDo...
The Físchlár digital video system: a digital library of broadcast TV programmes
(2001)
Smeaton, Alan F.; Murphy, Noel; O'Connor, Noel E.; Marlow, Seán; Lee, Hyowon; McDonald, Kieran; Browne, Paul; Ye, Jiamin
Abstract:
Físchlár is a system for recording, indexing, browsing and playback of broadcast TV programmes which has been operational on our University campus for almost 18 months. In this paper we give a brief overview of how the system operates, how TV programmes are organised for browse/playback and a short report on the system usage by over 900 users in our University.
http://doras.dcu.ie/373/
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Interactive searching and browsing of video archives: using text and using image matching
(2006)
Smeaton, Alan F.; Gurrin, Cathal; Lee, Hyowon
Interactive searching and browsing of video archives: using text and using image matching
(2006)
Smeaton, Alan F.; Gurrin, Cathal; Lee, Hyowon
Abstract:
Over the last number of decades much research work has been done in the general area of video and audio analysis. Initially the applications driving this included capturing video in digital form and then being able to store, transmit and render it, which involved a large effort to develop compression and encoding standards. The technology needed to do all this is now easily available and cheap, with applications of digital video processing now commonplace, ranging from CCTV (Closed Circuit TV) for security, to home capture of broadcast TV on home DVRs for personal viewing. One consequence of the development in technology for creating, storing and distributing digital video is that there has been a huge increase in the volume of digital video, and this in turn has created a need for techniques to allow effective management of this video, and by that we mean content management. In the BBC, for example, the archives department receives approximately 500,000 queries per year and has ove...
http://doras.dcu.ie/375/
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Introduction to the special issue on semantic analysis for interactive multimedia services
(2008)
Kompatsiaris, Yiannis; Avrithis, Yannis; O'Connor, Noel E.
Introduction to the special issue on semantic analysis for interactive multimedia services
(2008)
Kompatsiaris, Yiannis; Avrithis, Yannis; O'Connor, Noel E.
http://doras.dcu.ie/647/
Marked
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Context-aware person identification in personal photo collections
(2009)
O'Hare, Neil; Smeaton, Alan F.
Context-aware person identification in personal photo collections
(2009)
O'Hare, Neil; Smeaton, Alan F.
Abstract:
Identifying the people in photos is an important need for users of photo management systems. We present MediAssist, one such system which facilitates browsing, searching and semi-automatic annotation of personal photos, using analysis of both image content and the context in which the photo is captured. This semi-automatic annotation includes annotation of the identity of people in photos. In this paper, we focus on such person annotation, and propose person identification techniques based on a combination of context and content. We propose language modelling and nearest neighbor approaches to context-based person identification, in addition to novel face color and image color content-based features (used alongside face recognition and body patch features). We conduct a comprehensive empirical study of these techniques using the real private photo collections of a number of users, and show that combining context- and content-based analysis improves performance over content or context ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/2235/
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An extended preorder index for optimising XPath expressions
(2005)
O'Connor, Martin F.; Bellahsène, Zohra; Roantree, Mark
An extended preorder index for optimising XPath expressions
(2005)
O'Connor, Martin F.; Bellahsène, Zohra; Roantree, Mark
Abstract:
Many of the problems with native XML databases relate to query performance and subsequently, it can be difficult to convince traditional database users of the benefits of using semi- or unstructured databases. Presently, there still lacks an index structure providing efficient support for structural queries and the traditional data-centric and content queries. This paper presents an extended index structure based on the preorder traversal rank and the level (or depth) rank of each node in a document tree. The extended index fully supports the navigation of all XPath axes while efficiently supporting data-centric queries. The ability to start path traversals from arbitrary nodes in a document tree also enables the extended index to support the evaluation of path traversals embedded in XQuery expressions. Furthermore, an encoding technique is presented where properties of the level ranking may be exploited to provide efficient and optimised level-based XPath evaluations.
http://doras.dcu.ie/4561/
Marked
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Query management in a sensor environment
(2008)
O'Connor, Martin F.; Andrieu, Vincent; Roantree, Mark
Query management in a sensor environment
(2008)
O'Connor, Martin F.; Andrieu, Vincent; Roantree, Mark
Abstract:
Traditional sensor network deployments consisted of fixed infrastructures and were relatively small in size. More and more, we see the deployment of ad-hoc sensor networks with heterogeneous devices on a larger scale, posing new challenges for device management and query processing. In this paper, we present our design and prototype implementation of XSense, an architecture supporting metadata and query services for an underlying large scale dynamic P2P sensor network. We cluster sensor devices into manageable groupings to optimise the query process and automatically locate appropriate clusters based on keyword abstraction from queries. We present experimental analysis to show the benefits of our approach and demonstrate improved query performance and scalability.
http://doras.dcu.ie/4563/
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Managing a life of lifelogged SenseCam images
(2009)
Smeaton, Alan F.
Managing a life of lifelogged SenseCam images
(2009)
Smeaton, Alan F.
Abstract:
This presentation gave an overview of memory research in the CLARITY centre, including work on SenseCam and using other off-the-shelf and CLARITY-built sensors.
http://doras.dcu.ie/4567/
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An interactive and multi-level framework for summarising user generated videos
(2009)
Cooray, Saman H.; Bredin, Hervé; Xu, Li-Qun; O'Connor, Noel E.
An interactive and multi-level framework for summarising user generated videos
(2009)
Cooray, Saman H.; Bredin, Hervé; Xu, Li-Qun; O'Connor, Noel E.
Abstract:
We present an interactive and multi-level abstraction framework for user-generated video (UGV) summarisation, allowing a user the flexibility to select a summarisation criterion out of a number of methods provided by the system. First, a given raw video is segmented into shots, and each shot is further decomposed into sub-shots in line with the change in dominant camera motion. Secondly, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the colour representation of the collection of sub-shots, and a content map is created using the first few components. Each sub-shot is represented with a ``footprint'' on the content map, which reveals its content significance (coverage) and the most dynamic segment. The final stage of abstraction is devised in a user-assisted manner whereby a user is able to specify a desired summary length, with options to interactively perform abstraction at different granularity of visual comprehension. The results obtained show the potential benefit in...
http://doras.dcu.ie/4719/
Marked
Mark
Extracting tennis statistics from wireless sensing environments
(2009)
Shaeib, Adel; Conroy, Kenneth; Roantree, Mark
Extracting tennis statistics from wireless sensing environments
(2009)
Shaeib, Adel; Conroy, Kenneth; Roantree, Mark
Abstract:
Creating statistics from sporting events is now widespread with most eorts to automate this process using various sensor devices. The problem with many of these statistical applications is that they require proprietary applications to process the sensed data and there is rarely an option to express a wide range of query types. Instead, applications tend to contain built-in queries with predened outputs. In the research presented in this paper, data from a wireless network is converted to a structured and highly interoperable format to facilitate user queries by expressing high level queries in a standard database language and automatically generating the results required by coaches.
http://doras.dcu.ie/14823/
Marked
Mark
Content-based image descriptors for enhanced person annotation in personal digital photo archives
(2009)
Cooray, Saman H.; O'Connor, Noel E.
Content-based image descriptors for enhanced person annotation in personal digital photo archives
(2009)
Cooray, Saman H.; O'Connor, Noel E.
Abstract:
In this paper we investigate the use of content-based image descriptors for enhancing the performance of person annotation in personal photo management applications. The descriptors examined are related to the context of person recognition through face and body-patch feature matching in personal digital photos. In order to identify the best performing content-based descriptors, we first study a number of colour and texture descriptors for body-patch matching and face recognition descriptors for face matching using a suitably chosen data set taken from typical personal photo collections. We then analyse the performance of three different fusion schemes to identify the best combination of colour, texture and face recognition descriptors. Finally, we apply those descriptors to the problem of person annotation and measure their performance using a test data set, which comprises 7 different real-life personal photo collections. The experimental results illustrate that combining bodypatch...
http://doras.dcu.ie/14916/
Marked
Mark
Performing Object Consolidation on the Semantic Web Data Graph
(2007)
Hogan, Aidan; Harth, Andreas; Decker, Stefan
Performing Object Consolidation on the Semantic Web Data Graph
(2007)
Hogan, Aidan; Harth, Andreas; Decker, Stefan
Abstract:
An important aspect of Semantic Web technologies is the issue of identity and uniquely identifying resources, which is essential for integrating data across sources. Currently, there is poor agreement on the use of common URIs for the same instances across sources and as a result a naively in- tegrated dataset might miss associations between resources. To solve the problem, we present a method for performing large-scale object consolidation to merge identifiers of equivalent instances occurring across data sources; the algorithm is based on the analysis of defined inverse functional properties: properties which have values unique to an instance. We apply our object consolidation algorithm to a dataset of over 72M instances collected from more than 3M Web doc- uments, and o¿er evaluation and discussion on the resulting integrated graph.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/493
Displaying Results 551 - 575 of 597 on page 23 of 24
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Dublin City University (490)
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