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'Physics' in all fields;
3911 items found
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 3911 on page 1 of 157
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Applications of statistical physics to economics : distributions of wealth and correlations of financial data
(2009)
Coelho, Ricardo
Applications of statistical physics to economics : distributions of wealth and correlations of financial data
(2009)
Coelho, Ricardo
Abstract:
THESIS 8861
Over the last decade the study of economic and financial problems by the physics community has become very popular. Econophysics describes the application of tools from statistical physics to the study of problems in economics, such as correlations in stock prices or the distribution of wealth in society.In this thesis we have considered two separate topics. First, the distribution of wealth in societies where the emphasis is on examining the power laws that characterise the distribution of wealth and income. And second, the correlations in stock prices, which is linked to asset and portfolio risk management.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86260
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Teaching introductory thermal physics through problem based learning
(2005)
Tracey, Rebecca
Teaching introductory thermal physics through problem based learning
(2005)
Tracey, Rebecca
Abstract:
The development and delivery of an introductory thermal physics module taught through Problem Based Learning (PBL) in a lecture-based curriculum is reported on. The development and implementation of the module is illustrated through discussion of the problems and students responses. The PBL methodology is compared with traditional lecture style teaching and the educational theories that the methodologies stem from are discussed. Examples of how PBL has been used to teach physics, along with the assessment of the thermal physics module are used to appraise some of the benefits of PBL, particularly increased student motivation, development of effective groupwork skills and increased understanding, in light of students’ development. The impact of PBL on students’ learning is demonstrated through examples of their thinking and analysis of pre and posts test results with those reported in literature. The differences between the approach of Science Education students and Physics student...
http://doras.dcu.ie/18247/
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Investigating students' learning of differential equations in physics
(2018)
Hyland, Diarmaid
Investigating students' learning of differential equations in physics
(2018)
Hyland, Diarmaid
Abstract:
There are numerous cases in physics where the value of a quantity and changes in that quantity are related. For example, the speed of an object depends on its acceleration; the radioactivity of a sample depends on the amount of the sample present. Except in highly idealised settings, the analysis of these cases requires students to recognize, set up, and solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE). In many universities, ODEs are studied in mathematics before they are applied in physics. However, the aims of mathematicians and physicists can be very different. Mathematics modules tend to emphasise theoretical aspects of ODEs. In contrast, physics modules often emphasise modelling. This project is a multi-stage investigation that began by identifying the issues experienced by physics students during their study of ODEs before addressing them through the design and implementation of a set of tutorials. Having surveyed a cohort of physics students who completed a typical service mod...
http://doras.dcu.ie/22672/
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The design and implementation of a peer learning programme in physics utilising undergraduate peer leaders: an in-depth investigation into the effect of participation and the experience of the peer leaders
(2010)
The design and implementation of a peer learning programme in physics utilising undergraduate peer leaders: an in-depth investigation into the effect of participation and the experience of the peer leaders
(2010)
Abstract:
Physics Education Research (PER) has shown that students leave the physics classroom holding the same misconceptions about physics they had when they entered. PER has demonstrated that these misconceptions are often deeply held and are difficult to change. The literature indicates that Peer Learning has advantages compared with traditional methods in producing conceptual change and that there are a number of potential benefits for utilising undergraduates as Peer Leaders in Peer Learning programmes. Gartner, Kohler, and Riessman (1971) summarised a number of beneficial cognitive processes that occur when Peer Leaders prepare for Peer Learning sessions. It is believed that in reviewing, organising and teaching the material, they may gain a better understanding of the subject. However, little or no literature exists on the effect participation has on Peer Leaders or their experience of a Peer Learning programme. In particular, few studies determining the effect of participation o...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/426
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Probing university students’ understanding of electromotive force in electricity
(2014)
Garzon, Isabel; De Cock, Mieke; Zuza, Kristina; van Kampen, Paul; Guisasola, Jenaro
Probing university students’ understanding of electromotive force in electricity
(2014)
Garzon, Isabel; De Cock, Mieke; Zuza, Kristina; van Kampen, Paul; Guisasola, Jenaro
Abstract:
The goal of this study is to identify students’ difficulties with learning the concepts of electromotive force (emf) and potential difference in the context of transitory currents and resistive direct-current circuits. To investigate these difficulties, we developed a questionnaire based on an analysis of the theoretical and epistemological framework of physics, which was then administered to first-year engineering and physics students at universities in Spain, Colombia, and Belgium. The results of the study show that student difficulties seem to be strongly linked to the absence of an analysis of the energy balance within the circuit and that most university students do not clearly understand the usefulness of and the difference between the concepts of potential difference and emf.
http://doras.dcu.ie/19784/
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Misorientations in [001] magnetite thin films studied by electron backscatter diffraction and magnetic force microscopy
(2007)
SHVETS, IGOR; MURPHY, SHANE
Misorientations in [001] magnetite thin films studied by electron backscatter diffraction and magnetic force microscopy
(2007)
SHVETS, IGOR; MURPHY, SHANE
Abstract:
Magnetite thin films grown on 001 oriented MgO substrates are analyzed by means of electron backscatter diffraction EBSD analysis and magnetic force microscopy in applied fields. The EBSD technique enables the crystallographic orientation of individual grains to be determined with a high spatial resolution up to 20 nm on such ceramic samples. A high image quality of the recorded Kikuchi patterns was achieved enabling multiphase scans and high spatial resolution measurements. Upon annealing in air, the magnetic properties of the magnetite thin films were found to change considerably. Using the EBSD analysis, we find that misoriented grains remaining after the annealing step form small islands with a size of about 100 nm. The size and distribution of these islands correspond well to the observations of antiferromagnetic pinning centers within the magnetic domain structures carried out by magnetic force microscopy on the same samples.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/40431
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The magnetic and magnetoresistance properties of ultrathin magnetite films grown on MgO substrate
(2006)
SHVETS, IGOR; MCEVOY, CIARAN; RAMOS, RAFAEL
The magnetic and magnetoresistance properties of ultrathin magnetite films grown on MgO substrate
(2006)
SHVETS, IGOR; MCEVOY, CIARAN; RAMOS, RAFAEL
Abstract:
We report on the properties of ultrathin (2, 4, 6, and 8?nm) epitaxial films of magnetite, Fe3O4, grown on MgO (100). Atomic force microscopy image and V-I curves suggest that the films at this thickness are still continuous. The resistivity versus temperature results imply that the conductivity mechanism in all these films is similar. The resistivity of 4?nm thick film is much greater than that of 6 and 8?nm films. The films show ferrimagnetic instead of reported superparamagnetic behavior. The dead layer formed by Mg diffusion between MgO substrate and magnetite films and also the dead layer on the top uncapped film could be the possible reasons for the anomalous resistivity and magnetic properties of the ultrathin films. The effect of the ?dead layer? in the thinner film is relatively greater than the one in the thicker film and should lead to a lower magnetoresistance.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/40423
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Magnetic moment investigations of epitaxial magnetite thin films
(2008)
ARORA, SUNIL KUMAR; SHVETS, IGOR
Magnetic moment investigations of epitaxial magnetite thin films
(2008)
ARORA, SUNIL KUMAR; SHVETS, IGOR
Abstract:
In this report, we provide an x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study for 100?nm thick epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) films on MgO (001) and Al2O3 (0001) substrates. For XMCD, we recorded the surface sensitive total electron yield and the bulk sensitive transmission spectra. From the analysis of the XMCD data, we find an increased Fe spin moment (10% larger) at the surface of the film on MgO (100) with respect to the corresponding bulk value of the film. Surface and bulk spin moments of the film on Al2O3(0001) are almost equal. For both films, the bulk orbital to spin moments ratio increases from zero at 70?K to 0.03?0.04 at 300?K. For Fe3O4/MgO (001), the surface orbital to spin moment ratio behaves similarly to the bulk value, while the orbital to spin moments ratio is increased at the Fe3O4/Al2O3 (0001) surface to 0.06. The observed differences between films grown on MgO and Al2O3 are explained within the framework of differences in mismatch strain experienced by the films.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/40321
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A reflection on the use of 'electric flux' in introductory physics instruction
(2018)
O'Sullivan, Colm T.
A reflection on the use of 'electric flux' in introductory physics instruction
(2018)
O'Sullivan, Colm T.
Abstract:
The treatment of electric fields and flux in most textbooks on introductory physics, at least in the English language, differs radically from the nomenclature recommended by all relevant standards organizations and authorities. The general approach also conflicts with the usual methodology adopted in electrical engineering texts. The origin of the discrepancy is outlined and it is suggested that resolving the conflict would be beneficial to the teaching and learning of this and related topics.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5749
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Simulations of foams and liquid surfaces
(2001)
Bradley, Kevin Geoffrey
Simulations of foams and liquid surfaces
(2001)
Bradley, Kevin Geoffrey
Abstract:
THESIS 6244
In this thesis, we combine physics and numerical methods to describe the basic properties of foams and liquid surfaces. In Part I, we provide a brief general introduction to the subject of foam physics, detailing what a foam is and how thin films are liquid surfaces form. We also discuss some uses of foams in industry. In Part II, the structure of foams on a localised, individual bubble or single surface scale, is considered. Crystalline cylindrical foams form an excellent testbed for numerical calculations on the local rheology of a foam. We discuss a new model used in the simulation of these foams and investigate their energies and structural transition points. The model is extended to allow for calculations of wet cylindrical foams. When two identical liquid drops are forced together a thin surface of contact forms between them before they coalesce. We consider a situation when coalescence does not occur and an instability arises as the two drops are forced out of...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86783
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Statistical studies of on-line complex systems : a social network and a betting exchange
(2011)
Hardiman, Stephen J.
Statistical studies of on-line complex systems : a social network and a betting exchange
(2011)
Hardiman, Stephen J.
Abstract:
THESIS 9695
In recent years, the complexity that arises out of collective social and economic behaviour has become a popular research subject for physicists. In particular, the fields of complex network science and econophysics have emerged as a result of the efforts to apply tools and concepts from statistical physics to the areas of social science and economics considered to be outside the conventional remit of classical physics.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/90205
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Development of a Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Mechanism for Distributed Interactive Applications
(2011)
Walsh, Patrick Joseph
Development of a Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Mechanism for Distributed Interactive Applications
(2011)
Walsh, Patrick Joseph
Abstract:
Distributed Interactive Applications (DIAs) are a class of software that allow geographically remote users to interact within a shared virtual environment. Many DIAs seek to present a rich and realistic virtual world to users, both on a visual and behavioural level. A relatively recent addition to virtual environments (both distributed and single user) to achieve the latter has been the simulation of realistic physical phenomena between objects in the environment. However, the application of physics simulation to virtual environments in DIAs currently lags that of single user environments. This is primarily due to the unavailability of entity state update mechanisms which can maintain consistency in such physics-rich environments. The difference is particularly evident in applications built on a peer-to-peer architecture, as a lack of a single authority presents additional challenges in synchronising the state of shared objects while also presenting a responsive simulation. This the...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/3985/
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Central Charge and Quasihole Scaling Dimensions From Model Wavefunctions: Towards Relating Jack Wavefunctions to W-algebras
(2009)
Bernevig, B. Andrei; Gurarie, Victor; Simon, Steven H.
Central Charge and Quasihole Scaling Dimensions From Model Wavefunctions: Towards Relating Jack Wavefunctions to W-algebras
(2009)
Bernevig, B. Andrei; Gurarie, Victor; Simon, Steven H.
Abstract:
We present a general method to obtain the central charge and quasihole scaling dimension directly from groundstate and quasihole wavefunctions. Our method applies to wavefunctions satisfying specific clustering properties. We then use our method to examine the relation between Jack symmetric functions and certain W-algebras. We add substantially to the evidence that the (k, r) admissible Jack functions correspond to correlators of the conformal field theory Wk(k+1, k+r), by calculating the central charge and scaling dimensions of some of the fields in both cases and showing that they match. For the Jacks described by unitary W-models, the central charge and quasihole exponents match the ones previously obtained from analyzing the physics of the edge excitations. For the Jacks described by non-unitary W-models the central charge and quasihole scaling dimensions obtained from the wavefunctions differ from the ones obtained from the edge physics, which instead agree with the “effective...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/2693/
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A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications
(2012)
Walsh, Patrick J.; Ward, Tomas E.; McLoone, Seamus
A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications
(2012)
Walsh, Patrick J.; Ward, Tomas E.; McLoone, Seamus
Abstract:
This paper proposes a novel entity state update technique for physics-rich environments in peer-to-peer Distributed Interactive Applications. The proposed technique consists of a dynamic authority scheme for shared objects and a physics-aware dead reckoning model with an adaptive error threshold. The former is employed to place a bound on the overall inconsistency present in shared objects, while the latter is implemented to minimise the instantaneous inconsistency during users’ interactions with shared objects. The performance of the proposed entity state update mechanism is validated using a simulated application.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4164/
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The Optics and Photonics of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
(2020)
O'BRIEN, STEPHEN ADRIAN
The Optics and Photonics of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
(2020)
O'BRIEN, STEPHEN ADRIAN
Abstract:
In this work, by using a broadspectrum angle-resolved absorption technique, we studied enhanced absorption from multi-layered materials with near-zero dielectric permittivity in the near-infrared. These materials, known as epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, are known to exhibit novel physics, including perfect absorption. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, the excitation of two plasmon modes in indium tin oxide thin-films, a bulk plasmon mode, know as the "Ferrell-Berreman mode" and a long-range surface plasmon polariton mode known as the "non-radiative ENZ mode". These modes result in significant absorption from deeply subwavelength ITO thin-films of thickness 127 nm which is enhanced from a value of 52.5% to values >95% by depositing a 10 nm layer of Pt on the ITO layer as a backing. We observed this near-perfect absorption (NPA) from exciting both modes and studied the dependence of the absorption on the thickness of the Pt backing layer...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91469
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Implementing an inquiry based approach in first year undergraduate physics laboratories with emphasis on improving graphing literacy
(2010)
Wemyss, Thomas
Implementing an inquiry based approach in first year undergraduate physics laboratories with emphasis on improving graphing literacy
(2010)
Wemyss, Thomas
Abstract:
We have developed the first year undergraduate physics labs to incorporate both open and guided inquiry in a flexible approach. By doing this we have shown that there have been benefits in both the affective and the cognitive domain for our students. One of the main aims for the labs was to develop necessary transferable scientific skills. Developing graphing skills was an important part of the work that we did in the labs. Through our work we have developed assessments to test students’ general graphing literacy and developed curriculum to tackle their difficulties. The difficulties addressed are with both qualitative and quantitative graphs.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15130/
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Designing, implementing and assessing guided-inquiry based tutorials in introductory physics
(2013)
Doughty, Leanne
Designing, implementing and assessing guided-inquiry based tutorials in introductory physics
(2013)
Doughty, Leanne
Abstract:
This work concerns the development of instruction to address identified difficulties students have in introductory physics courses. Tests were designed to investigate students' conceptual understanding and use of mathematical tools in an electromagnetism context, and students understanding of the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration, and the graphing of these quantities with time in the context of simple harmonic motion. The resulting instruction specifically tackles difficulties discovered after initial testing, and takes the form of structured worksheets which students complete in small groups, with tutors acting as facilitators. Through the comparison of students answers to pretest and post test questions the effectiveness of the developed instruction has been assessed.
http://doras.dcu.ie/19394/
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On the Road Again: Metal Foams Find Favor
(2002)
WEAIRE, DENIS LAWRENCE
On the Road Again: Metal Foams Find Favor
(2002)
WEAIRE, DENIS LAWRENCE
Abstract:
The three states of matter are well represented by earth, sea, and sky. God saw that it was good, and so did many generations of physics lecturers. But purity is obscurity, as Ogden Nash reminded us. The rich variety of combinations of gas, liquid, and solid that are found in nature's creations and mankind's artifacts presents us with an infinity, rather than a trinity, of possibilities.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/41098
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The kinematics and morphology of solar coronal mass ejections
(2010)
Byrne, Jason P.
The kinematics and morphology of solar coronal mass ejections
(2010)
Byrne, Jason P.
Abstract:
THESIS 9407
Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun into the corona and interplanetary space. They are the most significant drivers of adverse space weather at Earth and other locations in the heliosphere, so it is important to understand the physics governing their eruption and propagation. However the diffuse morphology and transient nature of CMEs makes them difficult to identify and track using traditional image processing techniques. Furthermore, the true three-dimensional geometry of CMEs has remained elusive due to the limitations of coronagraph plane-of-sky images with restricted fields-of-view. For these reasons the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) was launched as a twin-spacecraft mission to y in orbits ahead and behind the Earth in order to triangulate independent observations of CME structure. It is the first time CMEs have been observed from vantage points off the Sun-Earth line and each...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/77015
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Propagation of coronal mass ejections in the inner heliosphere
(2011)
Maloney, Shane A.
Propagation of coronal mass ejections in the inner heliosphere
(2011)
Maloney, Shane A.
Abstract:
THESIS 9637
Solar Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale ejections of plasma and magnetic field from the corona, which propagate through interplanetary space. CMEs are the most significant drivers of adverse space weather on Earth, but the physics governing their propagation through the Heliosphere is not well understood. This is mainly due to the limited fields-of-view and plane-of-sky projected nature of previous observations. The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission launched in October 2006, was designed to overcome these limitations. In this thesis, a method for the full three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the trajectories of CMEs using STEREO was developed. Observations of CMEs close to the Sun (<15 R) were used to derive the CMEs trajectories in 3D. These reconstructions supported a pseudo-radial propagation model. Assuming pseudo-radial propagation, the CME trajectories were extrapolated to large distances from the Sun (15-240 R). It was...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/77045
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Mechanisms and size effects of small to large strain polymerdeformation at the molecular scale
(2013)
Reilly, Roseanne
Mechanisms and size effects of small to large strain polymerdeformation at the molecular scale
(2013)
Reilly, Roseanne
Abstract:
THESIS 9993
A core section of mechanics of materials is to understand the relationship of the mechanics to the nanoscale structure. This has been looked at in metals, ceramics, but in polymers has been virtually untouched. While micron scale polymer physics has been probed, real size effects and changes in polymer behaviour have not. This thesis attempts to remedy this by using diamond flat punch nanoindentation to probe mechanical size effects in polymer materials, from large to small strain. Additionally these findings regarding size effects in polymers are then utilised to investigate the effect of phase separation on the mechanical properties of ultra-thin block copolymers. Block copolymers are a highly technologically relevant material that is currently been investigated for use in the semiconductor industry, meaning the mechanical properties of these ultra thin phase separated films is also technologically relevant. From a size effect point of view, phase separation also e...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79328
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Studies of foam drainage and stability
(2013)
Tobin, Steven T.
Studies of foam drainage and stability
(2013)
Tobin, Steven T.
Abstract:
THESIS 10176
While the static nature of foams has been well studied, the dynamic nature of a foam how it evolves and responds to external forces and changing environments is less well understood. We will present results from the analysis of two such aspects of foam physics: the drainage of liquid through the foam, and the stability of foam.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79373
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Theoretical study of topological insulators : models and materials
(2014)
Awadhesh, Narayan
Theoretical study of topological insulators : models and materials
(2014)
Awadhesh, Narayan
Abstract:
THESIS 10570
Topological insulators are a fascinating new class of materials, which have signalled a revival in exploration of topological aspects of condensecl matter physics. Like usual insulators they have an energy gap separating valence and conduction bands, however, their surfaces host metallic states which cannot be gapped out unless one breaks the symmetry protecting such surface states.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79474
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Developing and assessing student’s conceptual understanding of electrostatics in upper secondary physics
(2018)
Moynihan, Richard
Developing and assessing student’s conceptual understanding of electrostatics in upper secondary physics
(2018)
Moynihan, Richard
Abstract:
This thesis presents research studies carried out with upper secondary level physics students (n=14) over a timeframe of four months, with the aim of promoting their conceptual understanding of the electrostatic concepts, Coulomb’s law, electric fields, and work and potential difference. Teaching and learning materials were developed that adopted Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) with structured inquiry tutorials and Multiple Representations (MR) approaches to examine the extent of conceptual change in the student’s understanding of these topics. The research utilizes a case study methodology, with various sources of evidence recorded. These sources include pre-test and post-test comparison, retrieval of student artefacts used during lessons, audio recordings of student’s discussions during lessons, teaching and learning interviews and teacher field notes. In the research design, vector concepts, the inverse square law and field line representations were identified as concepts that stu...
http://doras.dcu.ie/22504/
Marked
Mark
Entertaining physics education: using an astronomy board game to enhance student learning and motivation
(2019)
Cardinot, Adriana; Fairfield, Jessamyn A.
Entertaining physics education: using an astronomy board game to enhance student learning and motivation
(2019)
Cardinot, Adriana; Fairfield, Jessamyn A.
Abstract:
This study examines the effects of a novel Astronomy Board Game on students science performance, their attitudes towards learning Science through games and their perception of scientists. Post-primary students in Ireland and the UK of various ages (n=119) took part in the pilot trial. Data were collected via pre- and post-test, feedback questionnaire and focus groups. The results indicated significant improvements in student s learning of astronomy topics, suggesting the inclusion of games in the classroom affects student learning and perception of scientists.
This research issupported by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES-Brazil) grant number DOC_PLENO - 88881.128466/2016-01. Development of the game was funded by the Institute of Physics, Ireland.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14936
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