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'Physics' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 3911 on page 10 of 157
Marked
Mark
New materials for spin electronics
(2015)
Betto, Davide
New materials for spin electronics
(2015)
Betto, Davide
Abstract:
THESIS 10958
Magnetic components are currently widely used in electronic devices, especially in the field of data storage. The need for downscaling the lateral dimensions of every component following Moore's law brings new challenges and will preclude the use of the currently employed materials and structures. The study presented is concerned with the investigation of new materials for future use in spin electronics devices. The first part focuses on full and half Heuser alloys Mn3Ga, Mn2Ga and the unprecedented hybrid Mn2RuxGa. We investigated Mn3Ga in the D022 cubic structure with large tetragonal distortion using x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (XAS/XMCD). We found that two different magnetic moments are present: the main component shows high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), while a second, smaller one is oriented in the plane and posses no anisotropy. This configuration is due to the canted magnetic moment on one sublattice. The decomposition of...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85161
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Mark
Studies of radon in Ireland : outdoor levels, detector intercomparison and school remediation methods
(2016)
Gunning, Gillian A.
Studies of radon in Ireland : outdoor levels, detector intercomparison and school remediation methods
(2016)
Gunning, Gillian A.
Abstract:
Although Ireland has a comprehensive radon strategy in place and an active research community, the rate of testing is still low. The work in this thesis aims to reduce knowledge gaps by making outdoor radon measurements, aid the introduction of radon testing for conveyancing purposes and evaluate the necessity of remediation follow-up programmes. Long term outdoor radon measurements across Ireland were recorded using CR-39 track etch detectors. For this study, a measurement protocol was designed that was optimised for the relatively low radon concentrations expected outdoors. This protocol included pre-etching the detectors before exposure to allow radon tracks to be more easily distinguished from background. The average outdoor radon concentration for the Republic of Ireland was found to be 5.6 ? 0.7 Bq/m3 which equates to an annual dose of 0.05 mSv to the Irish population. Prior to this study, a value of 6 Bq/m3 was estimated to be the outdoor concentration for Ireland and this va...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85219
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Point contact Andreev reflection and tunneling spectroscopy using high-field superconductors, topological insulators and compensated ferrrimagnets
(2017)
Borisov, Kiril
Point contact Andreev reflection and tunneling spectroscopy using high-field superconductors, topological insulators and compensated ferrrimagnets
(2017)
Borisov, Kiril
Abstract:
THESIS 11416
Spin electronics is a young and thriving research and technology field which relies more on the spin of the electron rather than its charge. The tunneling magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance effects have been already utilized in novel non-volatile magnetic memories and highly sensitive magnetic sensors. The improvement of the current magnetic storage and detection devices depends critically on integration of new compositions with enhanced magnetic and magneto-transport properties. The data retention and further scalability depend on materials with higher anisotropy and lower magnetization. A critical parameter is the spin polarization, because the tunneling magnetoresistance and the giant magnetoresistance effects depend on it, so does the switching efficiency through the spin-transfer torque. Therefore, novel materials with higher anisotropy, lower magnetization and higher spin polarization are sought-after. Among the spin polarization measurement techniq...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85206
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Mark
Structure and Electronic Properties of Point Defects at Semiconductor Oxide Interfaces
(2015)
Mehes, Eric
Structure and Electronic Properties of Point Defects at Semiconductor Oxide Interfaces
(2015)
Mehes, Eric
Abstract:
Semiconductor-oxide interfaces, particularly Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2, are the centrepieces of transistor technology. Defects at such interfaces can massively affect device performance. Experimental studies on Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2 interfaces accurately describe the structure of some of these defects, but the local atomic structure of others remains unknown. The exact positions of individual atoms at semiconductor-oxide interfaces can not yet be determined experimentally. Theoretical simulations are thus required to analyse the possible structural and electronic properties of the interface defects. This work aims to answer two questions: which defects appear in (001) Si/SiO2 and (001) Si/HfO2 interfaces and what states do such structure produce in the band gap region of the structures. For this a mix of molecular dynamics and density functional theory methods were used to generate valid interface structures. Recurring interface defects were identified. The contribution of these defects to ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85250
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Physics-based TCAD analysis of border and interface traps in Al2O3/InGaAs stacks using multifrequency CV-curves
(2018)
Caruso, Enrico; Lin, Jun; Burke, K. F.; Cherkaoui, Karim; Esseni, David; Gity, Farzan; ...
Physics-based TCAD analysis of border and interface traps in Al2O3/InGaAs stacks using multifrequency CV-curves
(2018)
Caruso, Enrico; Lin, Jun; Burke, K. F.; Cherkaoui, Karim; Esseni, David; Gity, Farzan; Monaghan, Scott; Palestri, Pierpaolo; Hurley, Paul K.; Selmi, Luca
Abstract:
In this paper, we analyze the multi-frequency C-V curves of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSCAPs by employing physics-based TCAD simulations including both border and interface traps. The calculations reproduce the experimental inversion and accumulation capacitance, and the general trend of the depletion capacitance. A study of the influence of the quantization model on the extraction of the trap distribution is also carried out.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/7160
Marked
Mark
Surface studies of magnetite (100)
(2000)
Seoighe, Ciaran
Surface studies of magnetite (100)
(2000)
Seoighe, Ciaran
Abstract:
THESIS 5338
The (100) surface of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ultra high vacuum (UHV) with a view to establishing a test surface for spin polarised STM experiments. Two structured surface arrangements were found. The first was found to form after annealing in UHV at 970 ? 15 K for about 4 hours. This consists of cubic terraces with edges aligned along [110]. The terraces are separated by 2.0 ? 0.2 A in the z-direction. This is twice the interplanar distance for magnetite (100) and implies that the observed terraces consist of a combination of octahedral and tetrahedral planes. However, this surface state is only metastable. Further annealing for a total of approximately 22 hours causes the surface to transform into another state. This state consists o f rows running along [110] directions which rotate by 90? every 2.0 ? 0.3 A in the z-direction. They have a width of 18 to 42 A and are found to become generally narrower with in...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85507
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Mark
The weakly coupled chiral Schwinger model on a finite lattice
(2000)
Pinto, Carlos
The weakly coupled chiral Schwinger model on a finite lattice
(2000)
Pinto, Carlos
Abstract:
THESIS 5638
The primary aim of this work is the development of a perturbative analysis of the phase structure of the lattice Schwinger model. A novel method for implementing this analysis is presented. It is shown analytically that the photon propagators which appear in the solution can be specified without ambiguity, provided special boundary conditions are implemented on the lattice. A detailed numerical study is carried out to confirm this analytical work. The results of the perturbative calculation indicate the absence of a phase transition in the weakly coupled Schwinger model, contrary to the findings, based on numerical studies, of other groups.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85499
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Mark
Numerical and experimental investigation of a novel waveguide design for use in high power laser diode devices
(2002)
Patchell, John A.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a novel waveguide design for use in high power laser diode devices
(2002)
Patchell, John A.
Abstract:
THESIS 6724
Because of their efficiency, small size and reliability high power laser diodes are used for numerous tasks, such as the pumping of solid state lasers, second harmonic generation and the pumping of rare earth fibre amplifiers. The next generation of optical networks will most likely use Raman amplifiers for optical regeneration instead of Erbium doped fibre amplifiers. Up to now the widespread use of Raman has been limited by the availability high power pump modules. In this thesis we examine a new type of waveguide design for use in high power laser diodes, a unique feature of this design is that the last mode before cut-off is predominantly confined to the low index region of the waveguide structure. As this is quite a counter intuitive result, structures based on this design concept, are for shorthand purposes referred to as Lo-guides. The subject matter in this thesis is concerned with the investigation of waveguide structures which could potentially facilitate t...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85498
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Mark
Supersymmetric noether currents and Seiberg-Witten theory
(2000)
Iorio, Alfredo
Supersymmetric noether currents and Seiberg-Witten theory
(2000)
Iorio, Alfredo
Abstract:
THESIS 5619
This thesis has been devoted to the construction of the Noether supercharges for the Seiberg-Witten (SW) model. One of our most important results is the first complete and direct derivation of the SW version of the mass formula.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85477
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Mark
Curing of complex monomer systems: a spectroscopic and thermal analysis
(2001)
Martin, Se?n J.
Curing of complex monomer systems: a spectroscopic and thermal analysis
(2001)
Martin, Se?n J.
Abstract:
THESIS 6307
This thesis describcs the development of a novel methodology, which uses the high resolution liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic technique to continuously monitor in real time the thermal and UV-photoinitiated curing dynamics of a range of multi-component monomer systems, comprising mainly of N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate / 4 and 5-t-butyl-2-hydroxycyclohexyl methacrylate (NVP/HEMA/TBE). These systems are of both academic and commercial interest, in this case, in the manufacture of hydrogel contact lenses.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85487
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Mark
A search for X-ray flares in the nuclei of galaxies
(2003)
Cunniffe, John
A search for X-ray flares in the nuclei of galaxies
(2003)
Cunniffe, John
Abstract:
THESIS 7161
Observations of the giant elliptical galaxy NCG 4552 at ultraviolet wavelengths during the early 1990?s showed sharply peaked emission within ~2pc of its centre which initially brightened and then faded. The features of this flare in emission around the nucleus made it one of the few candidates for a stellar tidal disruption event not identified at X-ray energies. In order to compare its X-ray properties with the existing flare candidates a detailed analysis of the X-ray history of NGC 4552 was carried out. No correlation was found between the UV and X-ray variability and the limits placed on the X-ray output from any faint flare component imply th a t the mass accreted must have been less than 10-5/?0.1M?.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85461
Marked
Mark
Ultrafast non-linear optics for telecommunication applications
(2003)
Communal, Jean-Edouard Paul Camille
Ultrafast non-linear optics for telecommunication applications
(2003)
Communal, Jean-Edouard Paul Camille
Abstract:
THESIS 7170
The aim of the research done for this thesis was to characterise the properties of a fibre laser producing ultrashort pulses at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550nm. We also measured the nonlinear optical properties of molecules designed for all optical switching. In order to understand the effects underlying the production and propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in fibre optics, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of material are described in the conditions relevant to single mode step index silica fibre. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is derived and its solutions of interest are introduced. Depending on the condition of dispersion, the instability of the continuous solution leads to the formation of pulses and the stability of the pulsed solution leads to the formation of optical solitons.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85458
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Mark
Preparation, characterisation and technological applications of half-metallic ferromagnetic oxides in ceramic and thin film form
(2001)
Borges, Rui Pedro Nogueiro Gomes Morais
Preparation, characterisation and technological applications of half-metallic ferromagnetic oxides in ceramic and thin film form
(2001)
Borges, Rui Pedro Nogueiro Gomes Morais
Abstract:
THESIS 6246
The aims of this study were: (i) to study the structural, magnetic and transport properties of ferromagnetic oxides (La0.7 Sr0.3)MnO3 and A2FeMoO6 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) in polycrystalline and thin film form, (ii) to optimise the physical, magnetic and transport properties of these materials and study the feasibility of their use in the fabrication of electronic devices and (iii) fabricate a device based on one of these materials.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85455
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Getting hooked on physics!
(2018)
McHugh, Martin; McCauley, Veronica
Getting hooked on physics!
(2018)
McHugh, Martin; McCauley, Veronica
Abstract:
A number of papers in this journal have dealt with the idea of using hooks in physics instruction. A hook, as the name suggests, engages students in learning by triggering their attention and interest. Hooks can be any type of pedagogical approach—a question, a demonstration, a puzzle or video. They are generally short and center on the most interesting aspects of a topic. Here we focus on using Conceptual Change (CC) teacher-led demonstrations as the pedagogical hook approach. Conceptual Change is an instructional method mentioned by a number of authors to stimulate interest among learners. This is where an educator presents an issue or topic that has associated misconceptions. As the teacher explains the truth behind the concept, cognitive conflict occurs and the students’ initial perceptions are challenged and ideas start to change. However, the instruction used in association with the demonstrations must provide intelligible, plausible, relevant explanations so that students are...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/7302
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Mark
Physics-based modelling of MoS2: the layered structure concept
(2019)
Mirabelli, Gioele; Hurley, Paul K.; Duffy, Ray
Physics-based modelling of MoS2: the layered structure concept
(2019)
Mirabelli, Gioele; Hurley, Paul K.; Duffy, Ray
Abstract:
Recently, continuum-based Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) device models have been used to investigate the advantages and limitations of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs), as one of the promising families of 2D-semicoductors. Nevertheless, a complete physics-based model is still missing. In this work, TCAD methodology is advanced for MoS2 devices, as the material system is modelled considering a structure formed by layers of MoS2 and Van-der Waals gaps, as opposed to a continuous semiconductor, The structure is benchmarked against previous experimental data and the behavior of thin and multilayer MoS2 is studied. Then, the model is used to evaluate the electron distribution and current density in a MoS2-based Field-Effect Transistor (FET). The analysis of the layered-structure provides additional understanding of the electrostatics and carrier transport in 2D semiconductors.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/7766
Marked
Mark
Near-infrared luminescent polymer amplifiers and microlasers
(2008)
Djiango, Martin Nkrumah
Near-infrared luminescent polymer amplifiers and microlasers
(2008)
Djiango, Martin Nkrumah
Abstract:
THESIS 8607
Near-infrared optical gain in luminescent polymeric slab asymmetric waveguides has been investigated by use of amplified spontaneous emission. Upon nanosecond photopumping, the waveguides have shown a small-signal gain coefficient of 37.2 ? 2.1 cm-1 at 820 nm for a pump fluence of 1.57 mJ/cm2 (314 kW /cm2). It is shown that a small-signal gain of 19.7 ? 2.3 dB is achievable in a 1.2-mm -long waveguide. This is the largest gain reported to date for organic gain media operating in the nearinfrared region of the spectrum .
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86292
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Mark
Radioactivity from building materials in the Republic of Ireland
(2006)
Doorly, Elaine M.
Radioactivity from building materials in the Republic of Ireland
(2006)
Doorly, Elaine M.
Abstract:
THESIS 8249
This thesis presents the findings of a study undertaken to determine the radioactivity present in building materials in the Republic of Ireland. A total of 70 samples of commonly used building materials was collected from various manufacturers and suppliers throughout the country and analysed using a HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. The specific activities of 226Ra 232Th and 40K were measured in all samples and results ranged from minimum values o f 2.6, <1, and 8.0 Bq kg-1 to maximum values of 193, 73, and 2255 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively. 137Cs activity was also detected in some samples. Results obtained were compared with relevant national, E.U. and international legislation and guidance, and with the results of similar studies undertaken in other countries. These activities would suggest that the use of such building materials in the construction of domestic dwellings or workplaces in Ireland is unlikely to give rise to any significant radiation...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86298
Marked
Mark
Characterisation of laser produced plasmas
(2006)
Doggett, Brendan
Characterisation of laser produced plasmas
(2006)
Doggett, Brendan
Abstract:
THESIS 7907
This thesis describes the apphcation of planar Langmuir probes in laser produced plasmas. The influence of the ion flow on the probe behaviour and its effect on the measured plasma parameters has been investigated for different probe orientations. The expansion dynamics of the laser produced plasma were studied using the probes and the results obtained were compared to adiabatic expansion models.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86294
Marked
Mark
MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions and their applications
(2008)
Feng, Gen
MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions and their applications
(2008)
Feng, Gen
Abstract:
THESIS 8412
Massive research has been carried out on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which consist of two ferromagnetic layers sandwiched by a thin insulating barrier, since they were first discovered in 1970. The electrode resistance of these multilayer structures is usually low when the magnetization directions of the two ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel configuration and high when they are antiparallel. The resistance change following the field switch makes MTJs perfect candidates for magnetic field sensors and for the storage elements in memory devices. The recent breakthrough for MTJs happened in 2004 when highly oriented (001) MgO thin films were used as the tunnel barrier. Compared to conventional AlOx and TaOx barriers MgO-based MTJs show a huge tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) and relatively lower resistance and area products which make them more promising as magnetic random access memory (MRAM ) elements and low field sensors.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86319
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Mark
Electrodeposition of coercive ferromagnetic films
(2005)
Filho, Fernando M?rio Rhen
Electrodeposition of coercive ferromagnetic films
(2005)
Filho, Fernando M?rio Rhen
Abstract:
THESIS 8013
The need for even more compact and low power consumption devices has been the driving force for microeiectromechanical systems (MEMS). Also the integration of MEMS into current state of the art silicon technology has set the boundaries for the preparation of these devices. Any candidate device to be manufactured using silicon technology should be integrated at the last step o f production to minimize the cost. To achieve, the maximum annealing temperature should not exceed about 300?C. Many integrated circuits (CMOS) deteriorate above this temperature.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86322
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Mark
Nonlinear optical extinction in organic and inorganic nanomaterials
(2007)
Doyle, James Joseph
Nonlinear optical extinction in organic and inorganic nanomaterials
(2007)
Doyle, James Joseph
Abstract:
THESIS 8119
This thesis will focus on the nonlinear optical dissipation of high intensity nanosecond laser irradiation by polymer-phthalocyanine films and nano-structured dispersions. The nonlinear optical investigation of a selection of solid-state polymer-phthalocyanine films is initially presented. Using the straightforward method of sequentially deposited spin cast phthalocyanine doped polymer films, the resulting nonlinear optical response was characterized by the use of the open aperture Z-scan technique. Molecular engineering of metallophthalocyanine compounds, through both axial and peripheral substitutes has led to an optimisation the nonlinear optical response of the compound in the nanosecond regime. Effective optical coefficients with a nonlinear absorption based model are calculated, and their intensity dependence is investigated. Mechanistic implications of the optical dissipation are also discussed and examined in three separate case studies. For the optical limit...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86303
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Mark
Local investigations of switchable rotaxane molecules at interfaces using atomic force microscopy
(2008)
Farrell, Alan Anthony
Local investigations of switchable rotaxane molecules at interfaces using atomic force microscopy
(2008)
Farrell, Alan Anthony
Abstract:
THESIS 8498
Rotaxane molecules (interlocked molecules consisting of two parts bonded mechanically) have an inherent multi-stability. The relative positions of the submolecular components can be altered through external stimuli, a functionality that has been proven in solution-phase experiments. There has however, been no local, molecular-scale demonstration that the functionality of these molecules can be retained if the molecules are fixed to a surface.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86316
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Mark
Computational studies of the structure and dynamics of packings of grain and bubbles
(2006)
Delaney, Gary
Computational studies of the structure and dynamics of packings of grain and bubbles
(2006)
Delaney, Gary
Abstract:
THESIS 8002
Since the dawn of civilization people have been intrigued by packing problems. They have a great significance in the practicalities of our everyday lives, with people always seeming to try to find more efficient ways of packing things together. Even though scientists have studied them for over 2,500 years, they are still prevalent today in almost every area of science. Much of the work that scientists have done on packing problems to date has been in considering sphere packings. These have been used widely to investigate the properties of granular materials and as simple models for everything from packings of atoms to packings of bubbles.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86286
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Mark
Optical investigations of the magnetic properties of iron nanostructures grown on tungsten(110)
(2007)
Carroll, Lee
Optical investigations of the magnetic properties of iron nanostructures grown on tungsten(110)
(2007)
Carroll, Lee
Abstract:
THESIS 8163
The structural and magnetic properties of ultra-thin Fe films and Fe nanostripes grown on vicinal W(110) are studied using Reflectance Anisotropy Spectroscopy (RAS), and the non-linear optic techniques of Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Magnetic Second Harmonic Generation (MSHG). Using Au as a capping material, it is possible to transfer the ultra-thin Fe films from the Ultra-high Vacuum (UHV) environment to the ambient laboratory atmosphere without destroying their magnetic properties, thereby allowing both in situ and ex situ investigations to be carried-out. The ex-situ investigations revealed significant MSHG contributions from Au-capped Fe nanostripes just 10 atoms wide (corresponding to a 0.25ML Fe film), thereby demonstrating the extreme magnetic sensitivity of non-linear optic techniques in probing surface magnetism. Measuring the temperature dependence of the MSHG contrast as a function of sample temperature allowed the Curie point of the surface magnet...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86247
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Mark
STM study of the (001) and (110) surfaces of magnetite
(2005)
Ceballos, Sergio F.
STM study of the (001) and (110) surfaces of magnetite
(2005)
Ceballos, Sergio F.
Abstract:
THESIS 7623
In this thesis the surface of single crystals and thin films of magnetite (001) and (110) have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The use of STM tips made of magnetic materials is highlighted in this work. A novel technique has been developed by the author in order to provide STM tips made of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials. Special emphasis has been placed on the study and characterization of tips made of antiferromagnetic MnNi alloy. Chemical and magnetic characterization has been performed by AES, X-ray diffraction (XRD), alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has also been employed for characterization of the tips. The potential of the MnNi tips for SP-STM measurements has been confirmed by STS/STM studies of Mn/Fe(00...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86255
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