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'Physics' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 26 - 50 of 3958 on page 2 of 159
Marked
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Game-based learning to engage students with physics and astronomy using a board game
(2019)
Cardinot, Adriana; Fairfield, Jessamyn A.
Game-based learning to engage students with physics and astronomy using a board game
(2019)
Cardinot, Adriana; Fairfield, Jessamyn A.
Abstract:
In this research article, the authors developed a novel astronomy board game and examined how this approach could facilitate the learning and teaching of astronomy topics covered in the new Irish Science Syllabus. A total of 119 post-primary students took part in the pilot trial across Ireland. Data was collected via feedback questionnaires, systematic observations and pre and post-test surveys. Results indicate that this astronomy board game significantly enhances students knowledge of astronomy concepts and perceptions of scientists. Furthermore, teachers showed positive attitudes towards this approach for teaching astronomy. Additionally, the game was demonstrated as a useful learning tool and as an activity to promote social skills. The findings offer a promising basis for further exploration of the integration of game-based approaches to physics education to promote active participation and interaction, balancing the learning objectives with play.
This work was supported b...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14934
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Stability and motion of foams and films in confined geometries
(2005)
Drenckhan, Wiebke
Stability and motion of foams and films in confined geometries
(2005)
Drenckhan, Wiebke
Abstract:
THESIS 7649
The last 20 years of research in the physics of foams display the development of a thorough understanding of dry and static foams. In the realm of wet and dynamic foams, however, many interesting and puzzling effects have been observed experimentally but lack theoretical explanation. It has become clear at this stage that a mere extension of existing theories is not sufficient, but that new approaches have to be taken to establish a more complete understanding of dynamic effects in foams.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86304
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Optical and electrical characterisation of hexabenzocoronene derivative molecular self-assemblies
(2006)
Fleming, Alexander
Optical and electrical characterisation of hexabenzocoronene derivative molecular self-assemblies
(2006)
Fleming, Alexander
Abstract:
THESIS 7998
In this thesis the optical properties of molecular aggregates of Hexa-peri-benzocoronene derivatives are investigated for evidence of Frenkel Exciton Resonance (FER). Using photo-luminescence and optical absorption measurement techniques the HBC derivatives are observed, in the optical spectra, to aggregate in solution to form ordered Molecular Self-Assemblies (MSAs). The change from isolated to aggregated form gives rise to spectroscopic signatures that are best explained by FER. The determination that the low concentration species is the isolated molecule allows the photo-physics of isolated and aggregated molecules to be compared.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86326
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Rheological and local fluid dynamics in foams
(2005)
Craus, Maria Dolores Alonso
Rheological and local fluid dynamics in foams
(2005)
Craus, Maria Dolores Alonso
Abstract:
THESIS 7587
This thesis explores the physics of foams, particularly those that are wet (i.e. have a high liquid fraction). The properties which are measured here relate to structure, drainage and rheology. We have performed the first published Stokes experiment in a foam [41 ]. and compared results with estimates derived from the Herschel-Bulkley model for rheology. The first extensive, systematic experiments on drainage driven instabilities reveal aspects hitherto unreported, including hysteresis and the existence of a cylindrically symmetric case. We offer a preliminary theoretical analysis of the case in w hich the column is tilted. Other new results relate to the structure of finite 2D clusters [93].
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86275
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Optical characterisation and manipulation of active microspheres
(2007)
Gerlach, Matthias
Optical characterisation and manipulation of active microspheres
(2007)
Gerlach, Matthias
Abstract:
THESIS 8392
Spherical microcavities are of great interest for both photonic applications and for fundamental physics. In this thesis, a novel active dielectric microsphere emitter coated with colloidal CdTe nanocrystals is studied. In the first experimental part of the thesis, the microsphere emitter was optically characterized in a micro-photoluminescence/micro- Raman setup. Strong enhancement of photoluminescence and Raman scattering was observed due to the optical feedback in the microcavity. At excitation below the bandgap, anti-Stokes photoluminescence was observed due to an efficient phonon-assisted upconversion process. In the second part of the thesis, a novel type of an active microsphere emitter was fabricated for an optical trapping experiment. The microsphere was coated with a several nanometer thick polyelectrolyte multilayer and the layer was additionally softened with a chemical treatment. The elastic polyelectrolyte shell was then coated with a monolayer of CdTe ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86340
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Development and optimisation of optical interferometric techniques for surface metrology
(2000)
Bowe, Brian
Development and optimisation of optical interferometric techniques for surface metrology
(2000)
Bowe, Brian
Abstract:
THESIS 5321
Optical surface metrology techniques offer many advantages over conventional methods. These include a greater sensitivity, improved lateral and vertical resolution, non-contact and full-field measurements and the fact that they are not subject to electromagnetic influence. However there has been reluctance in industry to adopt these techniques. Reasons include complicated operation and analysis procedures, the use of high-power and dangerous lasers, expensive systems and the requirement for a mechanically stable environment. The objective of the research described in this thesis was to utilise recent developments in relevant technologies (physics, computer technology, and data acquisition) to develop industrial prototype systems.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86781
Marked
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Organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices: Incorporation of carbon nanotubes as charge transport media
(2003)
Fournet, Patrick
Organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices: Incorporation of carbon nanotubes as charge transport media
(2003)
Fournet, Patrick
Abstract:
THESIS 7473
The effects of incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in two existing functional organic devices : organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells have been studied. Single layer OLEDs and organic photovoltaic devices were firstly prepared and characterised in order to understand the physics of conjugated polymers based organic devices without the use of MWNT. Careful analysis of the device's characteristics of a single layer OLED allowed us to determine the intrinsic electronic parameters (Fermi energy level, majority charge carriers' mobility, ...) of one the main conjugated polymers used throughout this Thesis: poly(2,5-dimethoxy-l,4phenylenevinylene-2-methoxy-5(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (M3EH-PPV). As regards single layer polymer solar cells, we found that only a very thin layer was photoactive, resulting in power efficiency being greater for thinner polymer solar cells.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/88843
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A new apparatus for the study of electron impact fragmentation of molecular clusters
(2008)
Barrett, Gerard; van der Burgt, Peter J.M.
A new apparatus for the study of electron impact fragmentation of molecular clusters
(2008)
Barrett, Gerard; van der Burgt, Peter J.M.
Abstract:
This paper reports on the development of a new experiment for the study of electron-impact induced dissociation and fragmentation of molecular clusters and biomolecules and other species solvated in water clusters. The purpose is to look at clusters that are of interest to biophysics, atmospheric physics, and other fields. The experiment consists of a differentially pumped vacuum system, with an expansion chamber to generate a pulsed supersonic beam of clusters, and a collision chamber where the cluster beam intersects with an electron beam. Water clusters can be seeded with biomolecules emerging from a resistively heated oven. Investigation will be possible into both ion yields and long-lived neutral metastable yields produced by electron-impact fragmentation of relevant clusters and biomolecules.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/4442/
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A Phenomenographic Study of Introductory Physics Students: Approaches to Problem Solving and Conceptualisation of Knowledge.
(2009)
Walsh, Laura
A Phenomenographic Study of Introductory Physics Students: Approaches to Problem Solving and Conceptualisation of Knowledge.
(2009)
Walsh, Laura
Abstract:
This phenomenographic study presents a description of the approaches to problem solving and conceptualisation of physics knowledge of introductory physics students, specifically in the context of the Irish higher education system. Much research has been carried out that has shown that physics students are not developing the conceptual knowledge necessary to become adept problem-solvers. This may be due to the traditional physics education assumption that students will develop an understanding of the conceptual nature of physics by repetitively solving quantitative problems. However, research has shown that this is not the case and that education and the curriculum needs to explicitly reflect the qualitative and quantitative nature of physics. This empirical study was conducted using phenomenographic assumptions and methodology to collect, analyse and interpret data from forty two individual semistructured interviews with introductory physics students. This study presents a systemati...
https://arrow.dit.ie/sciendoc/61
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Towards a Field-Programmable Physics Processor (FP?)
(2006)
WOULFE, MUIRIS; MANZKE, MICHAEL
Towards a Field-Programmable Physics Processor (FP?)
(2006)
WOULFE, MUIRIS; MANZKE, MICHAEL
Abstract:
In this paper, we outline the design and implementation of an FPGA-based numerical integrator that will ultimately form the basis of our FPGA-based physics engine. Physics engines are considered one of the most important of a multitude of components requesting CPU time in a modern computer game, and so we propose offloading aspects of this physics computation to an FPGA-based physics engine. We aim to ameliorate the speed of the physics computation in concert with the other game components. Currently, our physics processor uses the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration algorithm to solve the ordinary differential equations used in game physics. Our analyses indicate that the performance of our physics processor should surpass that of the equivalent software executing on a CPU when several objects are simulated.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/36008
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The environment for women in physics in Ireland
(2015)
MCCABE, EITHNE
The environment for women in physics in Ireland
(2015)
MCCABE, EITHNE
Abstract:
P hysics is contributing strongly to the national Irish economy , with 4.5% of the Irish workforce employed in physics - based or other science, technology, engineering, and math ( STEM ) sectors. However, a recent national report reveals that the proportion of women working in jobs that utilize STEM skills is less than 25 % of the workforce. We present d ata collected from the views of 1,000 female secondary school students, young women (age 18 ? 23), secondary - school teachers and parents on what influences secondary school students? choices of subjects and in particular STEM - related subjects . In addition, b enchmarking data on female student and staff ratios for the past five years is presented from all seven Irish u niversity p hysics d epartments
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79193
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Correlation between Physics and Calculus Workshop Attendance and University Grades
(2016)
Ferguson, Caroline, Ph.D.
Correlation between Physics and Calculus Workshop Attendance and University Grades
(2016)
Ferguson, Caroline, Ph.D.
Abstract:
The Student Learning Centre at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology offers various support services for students enrolled in first year calculus and physics courses; the most widely used of these services are focused workshops. The purpose of this study was to compare student academic performance between those who did and did not attend physics and calculus workshops. Data provided by the Office of Institutional Research and Analysis at UOIT was analyzed using pivot tables in MS Excel. Students enrolled in Physics I and Calculus I were categorized based on their Grade 12 physics and calculus marks, respectively. Students enrolled in Physics II and Calculus II were categorized based on their Physics I and Calculus I marks, respectively. Subgroups were then identified based on workshop attendance and correlated with first year university physics and calculus grades. Students within the same incoming grade category who did not attend any workshops served as the control gro...
https://arrow.dit.ie/heit165/5
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Development of Student Centred Physics Labs from Years 1 to 4
(2011)
Howard, Robert; Flynn, Cathal; Pedreschi, Francis
Development of Student Centred Physics Labs from Years 1 to 4
(2011)
Howard, Robert; Flynn, Cathal; Pedreschi, Francis
Abstract:
Physics laboratories, with their usual relaxed atmosphere combined with the exploratory nature of physics should help to create a student centred learning environment in which the students develop the necessary lab skills. However in reality most physics labs, especially in years 1 and 2, are recipe driven and the students follow a set of instructions from a manual which require no or minimal student exploration of the physics involved. The assessment methods also appear to be misaligned as they often only asses the product (report and logbooks) and not the desired learning outcomes of the module./p> During this project we evaluated and re-aligned the learning outcomes, teaching and assessment methods for year 1 to 4 of the physics laboratory programmes. We found that although they were aligned on paper they were not aligned in practice. We developed a new suite of first year experiments which are more exploratory based and build the students’ skills so that they are able to work...
https://arrow.dit.ie/fellow/10
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Fit for purpose? Evaluation of an MSc. in Medical Physics.
(2014)
van der Putten, W J
Fit for purpose? Evaluation of an MSc. in Medical Physics.
(2014)
van der Putten, W J
Abstract:
The National University of Ireland in Galway established a Master in Science (MSc.) program in medical physics in 2002. The course was designed to be 90 ECTS(1) credits and of one calendar year duration. From the outset the MSc. was designed to be part of an overall medical physics training program. MSc. programs are now widely used as part of the training and education of medical physicists. There is however paucity of data on the effectiveness of such courses and the purpose of the study reported here is to provide information on one particular MSc. course in medical physics. This is relevant to medical physicists who are involved in the development and running of medical physics training programs. The study used as methodology the Kirkpatrick levels of professional training. It was conducted through an online survey, both from students who graduated from the course and from students who were in the process of completing the course. The survey proved to be an effective way to dete...
http://hdl.handle.net/10147/322570
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An investigation of Introductory Physics Students’ Approaches to Problem Solving
(2007)
Walsh, Laura; Howard, Robert; Bowe, Brian
An investigation of Introductory Physics Students’ Approaches to Problem Solving
(2007)
Walsh, Laura; Howard, Robert; Bowe, Brian
Abstract:
This paper outlines ongoing research investigating students’ approaches to quantitative and qualitative problem solving in physics. This is an empirical study, which was conducted using a phenomenographic approach to analyse and interpret data from individual semi-structured interviews with students from introductory physics courses. The result of the study thus far is a preliminary set of hierarchical categories that describe the students’ problem-solving approaches when faced with various physics problems. The findings from the research presented here indicate that many introductory students in higher education do not approach problem solving in a strategic manner and many do not try to link or use their physics knowledge in order to solve problems.
https://arrow.dit.ie/scschphyart/1
Marked
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Ab Initio calculation of parameters for electron and spin transport in organic crystals
(2018)
ROYCHOUDHURY, SUBHAYAN
Ab Initio calculation of parameters for electron and spin transport in organic crystals
(2018)
ROYCHOUDHURY, SUBHAYAN
Abstract:
Organic semiconductors offer several crucial advantages over their inorganic counterparts in electronic and spintronic applications. Besides offering structural advantages such as variety and flexibility, organic semiconductors can be manufactured with cheaper processes and at lower temperature. These promising potentials call for the development of a complete theoretical framework, without any need for experimental input, for description of charge and spin transport in these materials. A possible strategy can be to employ a multi-scale method where electronic structure is calculated with ab-initio methods and the information so obtained is used to construct a material specific model Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian can then be solved with statistical techniques to extract transport-related quantities, like mobility, spin-diffusion length etc. Since, in a real device, the organic semiconductor will be attached to conducting electrodes, the interface between the two systems will play a ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82724
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A Phenomenographic Study of Introductory Physics Students: Approaches to their Learning and Perceptions of their Learning Environment in a Physics Problem-Based Learning Environment
(2010)
Irving, Paul
A Phenomenographic Study of Introductory Physics Students: Approaches to their Learning and Perceptions of their Learning Environment in a Physics Problem-Based Learning Environment
(2010)
Irving, Paul
Abstract:
This phenomenographic study describes students’ approaches to learning and their perceptions of the learning environment in an introductory physics course which is taught using a problem-based learning approach. This research builds on previous studies which showed that these students develop a greater conceptual knowledge than their counterparts in a more traditional learning environment while others showed very little development even though they engaged fully with the pedagogy. This study aimed to examine and describe the students’ approaches to learning. The definitions of surface, strategic and deep approaches to learning are not appropriate in this context and could not be applied as all students engage fully in the collaborative problem-solving process, albeit in different ways, and hence displayed none of the characteristics of the traditional surface approach and many, if not all, of those associated with the deep approach. Many previous research studies have shown that the...
https://arrow.dit.ie/sciendoc/96
Marked
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Z-pinch Discharge in Laser Produced Plasma
(2010)
LUNNEY, JAMES; STERLING, ENRIQUE
Z-pinch Discharge in Laser Produced Plasma
(2010)
LUNNEY, JAMES; STERLING, ENRIQUE
Abstract:
Z-pinch effects in a laser produced aluminium plasma were investigated with a relatively low current fast coaxial electrical discharge. The ion flux in the laser produced plasma (LPP) was monitored with a Langmuir ion probe and the line density was controlled by using an aperture to select the portion of the LPP which enters the discharge cell. The Zpinch dynamics were recorded using time-resolved imaging of the visible self-emission; the plasma was pinched to about one-third the initial radius. Both the laser and Z-pinch plasmas were diagnosed using time- and space-resolved spectroscopy; substantial heating was observed. The measured behaviour of the pinch was compared with the predictions of the slug model.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/41045
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Concept mapping in physics in an Irish university: an investigation into the application of the tool with particular reference to its relevance to problem solving and the use of scientific language
(2010)
Broggy, Joanne
Concept mapping in physics in an Irish university: an investigation into the application of the tool with particular reference to its relevance to problem solving and the use of scientific language
(2010)
Broggy, Joanne
Abstract:
Irish students’ interest and enjoyment of science deteriorates as they progress through formal education and subsequently enrolments in the physical sciences at second and third level education are low. Research in science education has identified reasons for the poor uptake of science subjects with attitude identified as a key factor (Regan, 2005; Smyth and Hannon, 2002). This thesis documents a research study in which Concept Mapping was introduced into a third level education physics classroom with the aim to improve students’ attitude towards Physics (Phase 1 and Phase 2). The research was developed further to investigate the role of Concept Mapping in analysing physics students’ use of scientific language when problem solving (Phase 3). Due to the diversity of the research questions a mixed-model methodology was employed incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. The research participants employed in this action research study (longitudinal study) consi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/4554
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Exploring Technology Enhanced Instruction and Assessment in the Advanced Physics Laboratory
(2015)
Meade, Aidan; Mac Raighne, Aaron; Gregan, Elizabeth; Naydenova, Izabela; Pedreschi, Fra...
Exploring Technology Enhanced Instruction and Assessment in the Advanced Physics Laboratory
(2015)
Meade, Aidan; Mac Raighne, Aaron; Gregan, Elizabeth; Naydenova, Izabela; Pedreschi, Francis
Abstract:
The development of a strategic, thoughtful and reflective approach to the undertaking of experimental work is key to the development of physicists and physical scientists. This project undertook to remodel senior physics laboratories to adapt to changing skillsets required in the workplace and to instil the graduate attributes necessary for flexible employment in physics and related disciplines. The objective of this project was to foster an enquiry-based model that has been shown both to help engage the students with their subject and develop habits of experimental approach appropriate to physical scientists. The project used e-assessment methods and electronic documentation of student experimental planning, reflection and data recording, while adjusting laboratory instructions and resources. These adjustments included minimising experimental procedures such that this created a less restrictive and more free-form experimental experience, challenging the students to plan prior to ex...
https://arrow.dit.ie/fellow/47
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A self-contained ground-state approach for the correction of self-interaction error in approximate density-functional theory
(2018)
MOYNIHAN, GLENN
A self-contained ground-state approach for the correction of self-interaction error in approximate density-functional theory
(2018)
MOYNIHAN, GLENN
Abstract:
Density functional theory (DFT), in its approximate Kohn-Sham formalism, is a highly-acclaimed computational tool that affords the practical and expeditious calculation of ground-state properties of molecules and solids, often with a very reasonable accuracy. It finds routine application in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and biochemistry, where it now contributes in both a descriptive and predictive capacity. It is not, in practice, without systematic errors such as those defined by self-interaction and static correlation. These errors undermine the accurate description of particular systems that are beyond the scope of the approximate exchange-correlation functionals, particularly for those comprising so-called strongly-correlated electrons. The effective treatment of these errors is laid down in a number of formative works now adopted within the canon of Kohn-Sham DFT. Many of the most popular and affordable correction schemes entail the calculation of extern...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82220
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Shortcuts to adiabaticity: Concepts, methods, and applications
(2019)
Guéry-Odelin, D.; Ruschhaupt, Andreas; Kiely, Anthony; Torrontegui, E.; Martínez-Garaot...
Shortcuts to adiabaticity: Concepts, methods, and applications
(2019)
Guéry-Odelin, D.; Ruschhaupt, Andreas; Kiely, Anthony; Torrontegui, E.; Martínez-Garaot, S.; Muga, Juan Gonzalo
Abstract:
Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) are fast routes to the final results of slow, adiabatic changes of the controlling parameters of a system. The shortcuts are designed by a set of analytical and numerical methods suitable for different systems and conditions. A motivation to apply STA methods to quantum systems is to manipulate them on timescales shorter than decoherence times. Thus shortcuts to adiabaticity have become instrumental in preparing and driving internal and motional states in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics. Applications range from information transfer and processing based on gates or analog paradigms to interferometry and metrology. The multiplicity of STA paths for the controlling parameters may be used to enhance robustness versus noise and perturbations or to optimize relevant variables. Since adiabaticity is a widespread phenomenon, STA methods also extended beyond the quantum world to optical devices, classical mechanical systems, and statistical physics....
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/9796
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The Role of Quantum Work Statistics in Many-Body Physics
(2018)
Goold, John
The Role of Quantum Work Statistics in Many-Body Physics
(2018)
Goold, John
Abstract:
In this contribution, we aim to illustrate how quantum work statistics can be used as a tool in order to gain insight on the universal features of non-equilibrium many-body systems. Focusing on the two-point measurement approach to work, we first outline the formalism and show how the related irreversible entropy production may be defined for a unitary process. We then explore the physics of sudden quenches from the point of view of work statistics and show how the characteristic function of work can be expressed as the partition function of a corresponding classical statistical physics problem in a film geometry. Connections to the concept of fidelity susceptibility are explored along with the corresponding universal critical scaling. We also review how large deviation theory applied to quantum work statistics gives further insight to universal properties. The quantum-to-classical mapping turns out to have close connections with the historical problem of orthogonality catastrophe: ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95828
Marked
Mark
Collisionless heating in radio-frequency discharges: a review
(2009)
Turner, Miles M.
Collisionless heating in radio-frequency discharges: a review
(2009)
Turner, Miles M.
Abstract:
Radio-frequency discharges are practically and scientifically interesting. A practical understanding of such discharges requires, among other things, a quantitative appreciation of the mechanisms involved in heating electrons, since this heating is the proximate cause of the ionization that sustains the plasma. When these discharges are operated at sufficiently low pressure, collisionless electron heating can be an important and even the dominant mechanism. Since the low pressure regime is important for many applications, understanding collisionless heating is both theoretically and practically important. This review is concerned with the state of theoretical knowledge of collisionless heating in both inductive and capacitive discharges.
http://doras.dcu.ie/14889/
Marked
Mark
Electron and ion stagnation at the collision front between two laser produced plasmas
(2009)
Hough, Pádraig; McLoughlin, Conor; Kelly, Thomas J.; Hayden, Patrick; Harilal, Sivanand...
Electron and ion stagnation at the collision front between two laser produced plasmas
(2009)
Hough, Pádraig; McLoughlin, Conor; Kelly, Thomas J.; Hayden, Patrick; Harilal, Sivanandan S.; Mosnier, Jean-Paul; Costello, John T.
Abstract:
We report results from a combined optical interferometric and spectrally resolved imaging study on colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas. A Nomarski interferometer was used to probe the spatio-temporal distribution of electron densities at the collision front. Analysis of the resulting interferograms reveals the formation and evolution of a localized electron density feature with a well-defined profile reminiscent of a stagnation layer. Electron stagnation begins at a time delay of 10 ns after the peak of the plasma generating laser pulse. The peak electron density was found to exceed 10^19 cm^−3 and the layer remained well defined up to a time delay of ca 100 ns. Temporally and spectrally resolved optical imaging was also undertaken, to compare the Al^+ ion distribution with that of the 2D electron density profile. This revealed nascent stagnation of singly charged ions at a delay time of 20 ns. We attribute these results to the effects of space charge separation in the seed p...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15134/
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