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All Ireland Public Health Repository
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Current Search:
'biology' in all fields;
2128 items found
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Displaying Results 2126 - 2128 of 2128 on page 86 of 86
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De Novo Genes Arise at a Slow but Steady Rate along the Primate Lineage and Have Been Subject to Incomplete Lineage Sorting
(2016)
Mc Lysaght, Aoife
De Novo Genes Arise at a Slow but Steady Rate along the Primate Lineage and Have Been Subject to Incomplete Lineage Sorting
(2016)
Mc Lysaght, Aoife
Abstract:
De novo protein-coding gene origination is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary mechanism. However, there remains a large amount of uncertainty regarding the frequency of these events and themechanisms and speed of gene establishment. Here, we describe a rigorous search for cases of de novo gene origination in the great apes. We analyzed annotated proteomes as well as full genomic DNA and transcriptional and translational evidence. It is notable that results vary between database updates due to the fluctuating annotation of these genes. Nonetheless we identified 35 de novo genes: 16 human-specific; 5 human and chimpanzee specific; and 14 that originated prior to the divergence of human, chimpanzee, and gorilla and are found in all three genomes. The taxonomically restricted distribution of these genes cannot be explained by loss in other lineages. Each gene is supported by an open reading frame-creating mutation that occurred within the primate lineage, and which is ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95837
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New genes from non-coding sequence: the role of de novo protein-coding genes in eukaryotic evolutionary innovation
(2015)
Mc Lysaght, Aoife
New genes from non-coding sequence: the role of de novo protein-coding genes in eukaryotic evolutionary innovation
(2015)
Mc Lysaght, Aoife
Abstract:
The origin of novel protein-coding genes de novo was once considered so improbable as to be impossible. In less than a decade, and especially in the last five years, this view has been overturned by extensive evidence from diverse eukaryotic lineages. There is now evidence that this mechanism has contributed a significant number of genes to genomes of organisms as diverse as Saccharomyces, Drosophila, Plasmodium, Arabidopisis and human. From simple beginnings, these genes have in some instances acquired complex structure, regulated expression and important functional roles. New genes are often thought of as dispensable late additions; however, some recent de novo genes in human can play a role in disease. Rather than an extremely rare occurrence, it is now evident that there is a relatively constant trickle of proto-genes released into the testing ground of natural selection. It is currently unknown whether de novo genes arise primarily through an ?RNA-first? or ?ORF-first? pathway....
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95834
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Death, demography and the denominator: Age-adjusted Influenza-18 mortality in Ireland.
(2021)
Colvin, Christopher L.; McLaughlin, Eoin
Death, demography and the denominator: Age-adjusted Influenza-18 mortality in Ireland.
(2021)
Colvin, Christopher L.; McLaughlin, Eoin
Abstract:
Using the Irish experience of the 1918-1919 Spanish flu pandemic ("Influenza-18"), we demonstrate how pandemic mortality statistics can be sensitive to the demographic composition of a country. We build a new spatially disaggregated population database for Ireland's 32 counties for 1911-1920 with vital statistics on births, ageing, migration and deaths. Our principal contribution is to show why, and how, age-at-death data should be used to construct the age-standardised statistics necessary to make meaningful comparisons of mortality rates across time and space. We conclude that studies of the economic consequences of pandemics must better control for demographic factors if they are to yield useful policy-relevant insights. For example, while Northern Ireland had a higher crude death rate during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, it also has an older population; age-adjusted mortality paints a very different picture.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/11199
Displaying Results 2126 - 2128 of 2128 on page 86 of 86
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