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'biology' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 576 - 600 of 614 on page 24 of 25
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Identification of the synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN55,212-2 as a novel regulator of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and IFN-{beta} expression: relevance to therapeutic effects in models of multiple sclerosis.
(2011)
FALLON, PADRAIC GERARD
Identification of the synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN55,212-2 as a novel regulator of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and IFN-{beta} expression: relevance to therapeutic effects in models of multiple sclerosis.
(2011)
FALLON, PADRAIC GERARD
Abstract:
β-Interferons (IFN-βs) represent one of the first line treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, slowing disease progression while reducing the frequency of relapses. Despite this, more effective, well tolerated therapeutic strategies are needed. Cannabinoids palliate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) symptoms and have therapeutic potential in MS patients although the precise molecular mechanism for these effects is not understood. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling controls innate immune responses and TLRs are implicated in MS. Here we demonstrate that the synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN55,212-2 is a novel regulator of TLR3 and TLR4 signaling by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory signaling axis triggered by TLR3 and TLR4, whereas selectively augmenting TLR3-induced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and expression of IFN-β. We present evidence that R(+)WIN55,212-2 strongly promotes the nuclear localization of IRF3. The potentiation of IFN-β expressio...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61589
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Caspase-dependent inactivation of proteasome function during programmed cell death in Drosophila and man
(2004)
MARTIN, SEAMUS JOSEPH; CREAGH, EMMA
Caspase-dependent inactivation of proteasome function during programmed cell death in Drosophila and man
(2004)
MARTIN, SEAMUS JOSEPH; CREAGH, EMMA
Abstract:
The caspase family of cysteine proteases plays a conserved role in the coordinate demolition of cellular structures during programmed cell death from nematodes to man. Because cells undergoing programmed cell death in nematodes, flies, and mammals all share common features, this suggests that caspases target a common set of cellular structures in each of these organisms. However, although many substrates for mammalian caspases have been identified, few substrates for these proteases have been identified in invertebrates. To search for similarities between the repertoires of proteins targeted for proteolysis by caspases in flies and mammals, we have performed proteomics-based screens in Drosophila and human cell lines undergoing apoptosis. Here we show that several subunits of the proteasome undergo caspase-dependent proteolysis in both organisms and that this results in diminished activity of this multicatalytic protease complex. These data suggest that caspase-dependent proteolysis...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61750
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Interchain proteolysis, in the absence of a dimerization stimulus, can initiate apoptosis-associated caspase-8 activation
(2004)
MARTIN, SEAMUS JOSEPH; CREAGH, EMMA
Interchain proteolysis, in the absence of a dimerization stimulus, can initiate apoptosis-associated caspase-8 activation
(2004)
MARTIN, SEAMUS JOSEPH; CREAGH, EMMA
Abstract:
Caspases coordinate the internal demolition of the cell that is seen during apoptosis. Proteolytic processing of caspases is observed during apoptosis, and this correlates with conversion of inactive caspase proenzymes into their active two-chain forms. However, recent studies have suggested that caspase-8 is activated through dimerization and that interchain proteolysis is not sufficient for activation of this caspase. This proposal casts doubt upon whether caspase-8 is productively activated by granzyme B during granule-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte or natural killer cell-mediated killing, for example. Contrary to the dimerization model, we show that direct proteolysis of caspase-8 by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte protease granzyme B, or by caspase-6, produces an active enzyme that displays robust proteolytic activity toward synthetic as well as natural caspase-8 substrates. These data suggest that enforced dimerization of caspase-8 zymogens by scaffold proteins such as Fas-associ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61751
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Beyond the twilight zone : automated prediction of structural properties of proteins by recursive neural networks and remote homology information
(2009)
Mooney, Catherine; Pollastri, Gianluca
Beyond the twilight zone : automated prediction of structural properties of proteins by recursive neural networks and remote homology information
(2009)
Mooney, Catherine; Pollastri, Gianluca
Abstract:
The prediction of 1D structural properties of proteins is an important step toward the prediction of protein structure and function, not only in the ab initio case but also when homology information to known structures is available. Despite this the vast majority of 1D predictors do not incorporate homology information into the prediction process. We develop a novel structural alignment method, SAMD, which we use to build alignments of putative remote homologues that we compress into templates of structural frequency profiles. We use these templates as additional input to ensembles of recursive neural networks, which we specialise for the prediction of query sequences that show only remote homology to any Protein Data Bank structure. We predict four 1D structural properties – secondary structure, relative solvent accessibility, backbone structural motifs, and contact density. Secondary structure prediction accuracy, tested by five-fold cross-validation on a large set of proteins all...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3442
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Fungal proteomics: from identitcation to function
(2011)
Doyle, Sean
Fungal proteomics: from identitcation to function
(2011)
Doyle, Sean
Abstract:
Some fungi cause disease in humans and plants, while others have demonstrable potential for the control of insect pests. In addition, fungi are also a rich reservoir of therapeutic metabolites and industrially useful enzymes. Detailed analysis of fungal biochemistry is now enabled by multiple technologies including protein mass spectrometry, genome and transcriptome sequencing and advances in bioinformatics. Yet, the assignment of function to fungal proteins, encoded either by in silico annotated, or unannotated genes, remains problematic. The purpose of this review is to describe the strategies used by many researchers to reveal protein function in fungi, and more importantly, to consolidate the nomenclature of ‘unknown function protein’ as opposed to ‘hypothetical protein’ – once any protein has been identified by protein mass spectrometry. A combination of approaches including comparative proteomics, pathogen-induced protein expression and immunoproteomics are outlined, which, wh...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3034/
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Examination of the bovine leukocyte environment using immunogenetic biomarkers to assess immunocompetence following exposure to weaning stress
(2011)
O'Loughlin, Aran; McGee, Mark; Waters, Sinead M.; Doyle, Sean; Earley, Bernadette
Examination of the bovine leukocyte environment using immunogenetic biomarkers to assess immunocompetence following exposure to weaning stress
(2011)
O'Loughlin, Aran; McGee, Mark; Waters, Sinead M.; Doyle, Sean; Earley, Bernadette
Abstract:
The molecular mechanisms by which stress induces the development of pathologies remains unclear, although it is recognised that one of the major factors affecting health as a consequence of stress is the involvement of the neuroendocrine system. In cattle, a number of necessary husbandry practices have been shown to activate the stress response, yet very little is known about the impact these have at the molecular level. The objectives of the study were to characterise, in male and female beef calves, the immune response to weaning stress in bovine leukocytes at the physiological and molecular levels and to assess the difference between calves weaned in the presence of the dam and those weaned and penned away from the dam.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3035/
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Targeted Disruption of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase pes3 Augments the Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus
(2011)
O'Hanlon, Karen; Cairns, Timothy; Stack, Deirdre; Schrettl, Markus; Bignell, Elain...
Targeted Disruption of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase pes3 Augments the Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus
(2011)
O'Hanlon, Karen; Cairns, Timothy; Stack, Deirdre; Schrettl, Markus; Bignell, Elaine; Kavanagh, Kevin; Miggin, Sinead; O'Keeffe, Grainne; Larsen, Thomas; Doyle, Sean
Abstract:
Nonribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) is a documented virulence factor for the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi. Secreted or intracellularly located NRP products include the toxic molecule gliotoxin and the iron-chelating siderophores triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. No structural or immunologically relevant NRP products have been identified in the organism. We investigated the function of the largest gene in A. fumigatus, which encodes the NRP synthetase Pes3 (AFUA_5G12730), by targeted gene deletion and extensive phenotypic analysis. It was observed that in contrast to other NRP synthetases, deletion of pes3 significantly increases the virulence of A. fumigatus, whereby the pes3 deletion strain (A. fumigatus pes3) exhibited heightened virulence (increased killing) in invertebrate (P < 0.001) and increased fungal burden (P 0.008) in a corticosteroid model of murine pulmonary aspergillosis. Complementation restored the wild-type phenotype in the...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3036/
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Horizontal gene transfer in fungi
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, David A.
Horizontal gene transfer in fungi
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, David A.
Abstract:
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is frequently observed in prokaryotes and until recently was assumed to be of limited importance to eukaryotes. However, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that HGT is an important mechanism in eukaryotic genome evolution, particularly in unicellular organisms. The transfer of individual genes, gene clusters or entire chromosomes can have significant impacts on niche specification, disease emergence or shift in metabolic capabilities. In terms of genomic sequencing, the fungal kingdom is one of the most densely sampled eukaryotic lineages and is at the forefront of eukaryote comparative genomics and enables us to use fungi to study eukaryotic evolutionary mechanisms including HGT. This review describes the bioinformatics- based methodologies commonly used to locate HGT in fungal genomes and investigates the possible mechanisms involved in transferring genetic material laterally into fungal species. I will highlight a number of fungal HG...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3037/
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Posttranslational Truncation of E-Cadherin and Significance for Tumour Progression
(2007)
Masterson, Joanne C.; O'Dea, Shirley
Posttranslational Truncation of E-Cadherin and Significance for Tumour Progression
(2007)
Masterson, Joanne C.; O'Dea, Shirley
Abstract:
Stable intraepithelial adhesion complexes are essential for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Alterations in these complexes are key events in the development and progression of many diseases. One of the major proteins involved in maintaining epithelial cell-cell adhesion is the cell-adhesion junction protein E-cadherin, a member of the cadherin family of transmembrane adhesion proteins. E-cadherin is involved in many cellular processes including morphogenesis, adhesion, recognition, communication and oncogenesis. Inactivation of its adhesive properties is often a key step in tumour progression and metastasis, leading to its recent description as a tumour suppressor gene. Mutations of the Ecadherin gene CDH1 in gastric and mammary cancers have been well documented and reports of transcriptional repression during tumour progression are increasing. This review examines the role of posttranslational truncation of Ecadherin in cancer cells focusing on implications for tumour prog...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3056/
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Investigation of a New Material for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
(2012)
Brougham, Claire; Shen, Nian; Cudsworth, Allison; Flanagan, Thomas, Dr.; Jockenhoevel, ...
Investigation of a New Material for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
(2012)
Brougham, Claire; Shen, Nian; Cudsworth, Allison; Flanagan, Thomas, Dr.; Jockenhoevel, Stefan, Prof; O'Brien, Fergal, Prof
http://arrow.dit.ie/biodevcon/8
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The inactivation of phages MS2, ΦX174 and PR 772 using UV and solar photocatalysis.
(2012)
GILL, LAURENCE WILLIAM
The inactivation of phages MS2, ΦX174 and PR 772 using UV and solar photocatalysis.
(2012)
GILL, LAURENCE WILLIAM
Abstract:
The photolytic and photocatalytic disinfection of three bacteriophages (MS2, ΦX174, PR772) under both artificial UV irradiation and natural sunlight was studied. A large variation was seen in the relative responses of phages to the two light sources, while solar photocatalysis showed promising disinfection capabilities for all three phages. Under artificial UV, the resistance of phages to both photolytic and artificial treatment was found to decrease in the following order: PR772>ΦX174>MS2. Indeed, 3-log inactivation of PR772 was not achieved after 25 hours of illumination in either the absence or presence of catalyst. Under solar treatment, PR772 was inactivated far more readily, 3-log inactivation being achieved within an hour in the presence of catalyst in two trials. It is thought that the variation in solar intensity during the trials had a major effect on disinfection rates, as kinetics for phages varied considerably under different weather conditions.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61970
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Assessment of Inactivating Stop Codon Mutations in Forty Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains: Implications for [PSI+] Prion-Mediated Phenotypes
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, David A.; O'Brien, Jennifer; Moran, Ciara; Hasin, Naushaba; Kenny, El...
Assessment of Inactivating Stop Codon Mutations in Forty Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains: Implications for [PSI+] Prion-Mediated Phenotypes
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, David A.; O'Brien, Jennifer; Moran, Ciara; Hasin, Naushaba; Kenny, Elaine; Cormican, Paul; Gates, Amy; Morris, Derek W.; Jones, Gary W.
Abstract:
The yeast prion [PSI+] has been implicated in the generation of novel phenotypes by a mechanism involving a reduction in translation fidelity causing readthrough of naturally occurring stop codons. Some [PSI+] associated phenotypes may also be generated due to readthrough of inactivating stop codon mutations (ISCMs). Using next generation sequencing we have sequenced the genomes of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are commonly used for the study of the yeast [PSI+] prion. We have identified approximately 26,000 and 6,500 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strains 74-D694 and G600 respectively, compared to reference strain S288C. In addition to SNPs that produce non-synonymous amino acid changes we have also identified a number of SNPs that cause potential ISCMs in these strains, one of which we show is associated with a [PSI+]-dependent stress resistance phenotype in strain G600. We identified twenty-two potential ISCMs in strain 74-D694, present in genes involved in...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3065/
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Kinetics in signal transduction pathways involving promiscuous oligomerizing receptors can be determined by receptor specificity: Apoptosis induction by TRAIL
(2012)
Szegezdi, Eva; Mahalingam, Devalingam
Kinetics in signal transduction pathways involving promiscuous oligomerizing receptors can be determined by receptor specificity: Apoptosis induction by TRAIL
(2012)
Szegezdi, Eva; Mahalingam, Devalingam
Abstract:
Here we show by computer modeling that kinetics and outcome of signal transduction in case of hetero-oligomerizing receptors of a promiscuous ligand largely depend on the relative amounts of its receptors. Promiscuous ligands can trigger the formation of non-productive receptor complexes, which slows down the formation of active receptor complexes and thus can block signal transduction. Our model predicts that increasing the receptor-specificity of the ligand without changing its binding parameters should result in faster receptor activation and enhanced signaling. We experimentally validated this hypothesis using the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and its four membrane-bound receptors as an example. Bypassing ligand-induced receptor hetero-oligomerization by receptor-selective TRAIL variants enhanced the kinetics of receptor activation and augmented apoptosis. Our results suggest that control of signaling pathways by promiscuous ligands cou...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/2584
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Assessment of an Osteoblast-like Cell Line as a Model for Human Primary Osteoblasts Using Raman Spectroscopy
(2012)
McManus, Lindsay; Bonnier, Franck, Dr; Burke, George; Meenan, Brian; Boyd, Adrian; Byrn...
Assessment of an Osteoblast-like Cell Line as a Model for Human Primary Osteoblasts Using Raman Spectroscopy
(2012)
McManus, Lindsay; Bonnier, Franck, Dr; Burke, George; Meenan, Brian; Boyd, Adrian; Byrne, Hugh James, Prof
Abstract:
<p>Raman spectroscopy is employed to determine the suitability of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line for use as a model for human primary osteoblasts, with emphasis on the ability of these cell types to replicate their tissue of origin. It was found that both cell types demonstrated early stage mineral deposition that followed significantly different growth patterns. Analysis of the growth pattern and spectral data from primary cells revealed increasing bone quality ratios and a high crystallinity, consistent with previous reports. Conversely the investigation of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line provided evidence of dense multilayered mineralised regions that corresponded more closely to native bone in terms of its crystallinity and bone quality ratios. This finding contradicts previous reports on U20S osteoblast-like cells which have consistently described them as non-osteoinductive when cultured in various conditions on a number of substrates. This work demonstrates t...
http://arrow.dit.ie/biophonart/1
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Effect of pre-weaning concentrate supplementation on peripheral distribution of leukocytes, functional activity of neutrophils, acute phase protein and behavioural responses of abruptly weaned and housed beef calves
(2012)
Lynch, Eilish M.; McGee, Mark; Doyle, Sean; Earley, Bernadette
Effect of pre-weaning concentrate supplementation on peripheral distribution of leukocytes, functional activity of neutrophils, acute phase protein and behavioural responses of abruptly weaned and housed beef calves
(2012)
Lynch, Eilish M.; McGee, Mark; Doyle, Sean; Earley, Bernadette
Abstract:
Background: The effect of pre-weaning concentrate supplementation on peripheral distribution of leukocytes, functional activity of neutrophils, acute phase protein response, metabolic and behavioural response, and performance of abruptly weaned and housed beef calves was investigated. Calves were grazed with their dams until the end of the grazing season when they were weaned and housed (day (d) 0) in a concrete slatted floor shed, and offered grass silage ad libitum plus supplementary concentrates. Twenty-six days prior to weaning and housing, 20 singled suckled, pure-bred Simmental male (non-castrated), (n = 10, m) and female (n = 10, f) calves were assigned to one of two treatments (i) concentrate supplement (CS: n = 10 (5 m and 5 f), mean age (s.d.) 201 (12.8) d, mean weight (s.d.) 258 (20.2) kg) or (ii) no concentrate supplement (controls) (NCS: n = 10, (5 m and 5 f), mean age (s.d.) 201 (13.4) d, mean weight (s.d.) 257 (19.6) kg) pre-weaning. Results: There was a treatment × s...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3500/
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Crystal Structure of NAD-dependent Peptoniphilus Asaccharolyticus Glutamate Dehydrogenase Reveals Determinants of Cofactor Specificity
(2012)
KHAN, AMIR RAFIQ
Crystal Structure of NAD-dependent Peptoniphilus Asaccharolyticus Glutamate Dehydrogenase Reveals Determinants of Cofactor Specificity
(2012)
KHAN, AMIR RAFIQ
Abstract:
Glutamate dehydrogenases (EC 1.4.1.2–4) catalyse the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to α-ketoglutarate using NAD(P) as a cofactor. The bacterial enzymes are hexamers and each polypeptide consists of an N-terminal substrate-binding (Domain I) followed by a C-terminal cofactor-binding segment (Domain II). The reaction takes place at the junction of the two domains, which move as rigid bodies and are presumed to narrow the cleft during catalysis. Distinct signature sequences in the nucleotide-binding domain have been linked to NAD vs. NADP specificity, but they are not unambiguous predictors of cofactor preferences. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of NAD–specific Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus glutamate dehydrogenase in the apo state. The poor quality of native crystals was resolved by derivatization with selenomethionine, and the structure was solved by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction methods. The structure reveals an open catalytic cleft in the absence of...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/62419
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Comparison of Micro- and Nanoscale Fe+3-Containing (Hematite) Particles for their Toxicological Properties in Human Lung Cells In Vitro
(2012)
Bhattacharya, Kunal; Hoffmann, Eik; Schins, Roel; Boertz, Jens; Prantl, Eva-Maria; Alin...
Comparison of Micro- and Nanoscale Fe+3-Containing (Hematite) Particles for their Toxicological Properties in Human Lung Cells In Vitro
(2012)
Bhattacharya, Kunal; Hoffmann, Eik; Schins, Roel; Boertz, Jens; Prantl, Eva-Maria; Alink, Gerrit M.; Byrne, Hugh; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A.J.; Rahman, Qamar; Wiggers, Hartmut; Schulz, Christof; Dopp, Elke
Abstract:
<p>The specific properties of nanoscale particles, large surface-to-mass ratio and highly reactive surfaces, have increased their commercial application in many fields. However, the same properties are also important for the interaction and bio-accumulation of the non-/biodegradable nanoscale particles in a biological system and are a cause for concern. Hematite (α-Fe2O3), being a mineral form of Fe(III) oxide, is one of the most used iron oxides besides magnetite. The aim of our study was the characterization and comparison of biophysical reactivity and toxicological effects of α-Fe2O3 nano- (d < 100 nm) and microscale (d < 5 μm) particles in human lung cells. Our study demonstrates that the surface reactivity of nanoscale α-Fe2O3 differs to that of microscale particles with respect to the state of agglomeration, radical formation potential, and cellular toxicity. The presence of proteins in culture medium and agglomeration were found to affect the catalytic properties...
http://arrow.dit.ie/nanolart/42
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An agronomic assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from major cereal crops
(2012)
VAN GROENIGEN, CORNELIS JAN
An agronomic assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from major cereal crops
(2012)
VAN GROENIGEN, CORNELIS JAN
Abstract:
Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contribute approximately 12% to total global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Cereals (rice, wheat, and maize) are the largest source of human calories, and it is estimated that world cereal production must increase by 1.3% annually to 2025 to meet growing demand. Sustainable intensification of cereal production systems will require maintaining high yields while reducing environmental costs. We conducted a meta-analysis (57 published studies consisting of 62 study sites and 328 observations) to test the hypothesis that the global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice, wheat, and maize, when expressed per ton of grain (yield-scaled GWP), is similar, and that the lowest value for each cereal is achieved at near optimal yields. Results show that the GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice (3757 kg CO2 eq ha-1 season-1) was higher than wheat (662 kg CO2 eq ha-1 season-1) and maize (1399 kg CO2 eq ha-1 season-1). The yield-scale...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/62561
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A Genome Wide Association Scan of Bovine Tuberculosis Susceptibility in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle
(2012)
FINLAY, EMMA; BRADLEY, DANIEL GERARD MARY
A Genome Wide Association Scan of Bovine Tuberculosis Susceptibility in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle
(2012)
FINLAY, EMMA; BRADLEY, DANIEL GERARD MARY
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Bovine tuberculosis is a significant veterinary and financial problem in many parts of the world. Although many factors influence infection and progression of the disease, there is a host genetic component and dissection of this may enlighten on the wider biology of host response to tuberculosis. However, a binary phenotype of presence/absence of infection presents a noisy signal for genomewide association study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We calculated a composite phenotype of genetic merit for TB susceptibility based on disease incidence in daughters of elite sires used for artificial insemination in the Irish dairy herd. This robust measure was compared with 44,426 SNP genotypes in the most informative 307 subjects in a genome wide association analysis. Three SNPs in a 65 kb genomic region on BTA 22 were associated (i.e. p<10(-5), peaking at position 59588069, p = 4.02×10(-6)) with tuberculosis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A genomic region on BTA ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/62575
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Investigating biomarkers in clinical samples that are predictive of response in multiple myeloma
(2012)
Rajpal, Rajesh
Investigating biomarkers in clinical samples that are predictive of response in multiple myeloma
(2012)
Rajpal, Rajesh
Abstract:
Multiple Myeloma is a heterogeneous group of disorders of plasma cell proliferation both genotypically and phenotypically. Thalidomide is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. However, some patients fail to respond to thalidomide treatment and identifying this cohort may provide better individualized treatment. Proteomic analysis was performed on serum samples collected prior to treatment from 39 newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving thalidomide-based regimens (22 responders; 17 non-responders). Serum samples were initially immunodepleted to enrich for low-abundance proteins, followed by 2D-DIGE separation and subsequent mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed protein spots. ELISA-based assays were used to validate the candidate protein biomarkers using unfractionated serum samples from 51 consecutive newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (29 responders; 22 non-responders). Six serum proteins exhibited a statistically significant difference in...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16722/
Marked
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Development of dielectric spectroscopic monitoring methods for the prediction of viable cell density and volume in mammalian cell culture
(2012)
O'Regan, Timothy
Development of dielectric spectroscopic monitoring methods for the prediction of viable cell density and volume in mammalian cell culture
(2012)
O'Regan, Timothy
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to examine the potential of off-line biomass monitoring methods for the real-time prediction of viable cell density and viable cell volume in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. This work focuses on the use of Biomass Monitor for the monitoring of biomass. Two dual frequency settings and 2 temperatures were examined. The effects of interferences when the Biomass Monitor probe is present in a bioreactor are also investigated. The feasibility of constructing a prediction model for viable cell density and viable cell volume for in-line use is examined as there is an increased focus on monitoring techniques that adhere to the guidance in the United States Food and Drug Administration’s Process Analytical Technology framework. It was found that interferences to the Biomass Monitor include proximity of the biomass probe to vessel walls, pO2 probe and sparger with the bubbles from aeration having a significant effect on the signal. The three prediction model...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16790/
Marked
Mark
Tracer spectrum : a visualisation method for distributed evolutionary computation
(2011)
O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, Anthony; Hemberg, Erik
Tracer spectrum : a visualisation method for distributed evolutionary computation
(2011)
O'Neill, Michael; Brabazon, Anthony; Hemberg, Erik
Abstract:
We present a novel visualisation method for island-based evolutionary algorithms based on the concept of tracers as adopted in medicine and molecular biology to follow a biochemical process. For example, a radioisotope or dye can be used to replace a stable component of a biological compound, and the signal from the radioisotope can be monitored as it passes through the body to measure the compound’s distribution and elimination from the system. In a similar fashion we attach a tracer dye to individuals in each island, where each individual in any one island is marked with the same colour, and each island then has its own unique colour signal. We can then monitor how individuals undergoing migration events are distributed throughout the entire island ecosystem, thereby allowing the user to visually monitor takeover times and the resulting loss of diversity. This is achieved by visualising each island as a spectrum of the tracer dye associated with each individual. Experiments adopti...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3540
Marked
Mark
Effects of proteasome inhibition on cisplatin induced DNA damage responses in human cells
(2012)
Gallagher, Kathleen
Effects of proteasome inhibition on cisplatin induced DNA damage responses in human cells
(2012)
Gallagher, Kathleen
Abstract:
The proteasome is the main site of protein degradation in human cells, and plays a major role in the regulation of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and the DNA damage response. Proteasome inhibition is emerging as a new anti-cancer strategy, with the development of bortezomib for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Proteasome inhibitors can be used either as single agents or in conjunction with other cancer treatments. Proteasome inhibitors can sensitise cancer cell lines to routinely-used cancer treatments including the platinum-based anti-cancer drug, cisplatin. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of proteasome inhibition on cisplatininduced DNA damage responses in human cells, including cell viability, cell cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of DNA damage response proteins. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 sensitised the pol n-deficient human fibroblast cell line XP30RO to cisplatin. MG132 treatment induced strong cel...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/2671
Marked
Mark
Investigating the Role of Pellin03 in TNF Signalling
(2011)
Wang, Bingwei
Investigating the Role of Pellin03 in TNF Signalling
(2011)
Wang, Bingwei
Abstract:
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important modulator of the innate immune system, responsible for the activation of immune cells as well as the removal of damaged cells. Aberrant TNF signalling can cause a number of pathologic conditions. TNF binding to TNF receptor 1 triggers the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) leading to pro-inflammatory gene expression as well as the activation of the caspase cascade leading to death. In this study we observed that knockdown or knockout of the ubiquitin E3 ligase, Pellino3, sensitizes cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. Suppressed expression of Pellino3 leads to the activation of NF-κB, thereby inducing the expression of a series of antiapoptotic proteins, indicating that the increased apoptosis that is observed in Pellino3-knockdown or –deficient cells is not due to the regulation of the NF-κB pathway. We found that Pellino3 deficiency enhanced formation of the death-induced signalling complex in response to TNF. Pellino3 directly inte...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3572/
Marked
Mark
Statistical optimization of blanching time and temperature of Irish York Cabbage using desirability function
(2011)
Jaiswal, Amit K.; Abu-Ghannam, Nissreen; Gupta, Shilpi
Statistical optimization of blanching time and temperature of Irish York Cabbage using desirability function
(2011)
Jaiswal, Amit K.; Abu-Ghannam, Nissreen; Gupta, Shilpi
Abstract:
<p>The effect of different heat treatments, as a means of preprocessing, on the phytochemicals present in Irish York cabbage was studied. A comparison of blanching (by immersing in water) and microwaving (using water as a medium) indicated that microwaving is detrimental to the phytochemicals present in cabbage. To achieve a blanching time and temperature combination that would result in minimal loss of phytochemicals, central composite design that integrates a desirability approach was used. A second-order polynomial equation was developed, indicating the effect of the blanching time and temperature on the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values. Contour maps generated using the response surface equation showed that the experimental variables significantly affected the response. The optimized factors (85C and 2 min) were used for blanching York cabbage to obtain a TPC, TFC and half maximal effective concentrati...
http://arrow.dit.ie/schfsehart/90
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