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'chemistry' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 201 - 225 of 4166 on page 9 of 167
Marked
Mark
Development of synthetic strategies towards multiporphyrin arrays
(2011)
Ryan, Aoife
Development of synthetic strategies towards multiporphyrin arrays
(2011)
Ryan, Aoife
Abstract:
THESIS 9715
The aim of this research was to develop synthetic strategies for the construction of multiporphyrin arrays with enhanced ?-conjugation. Porphyrin oligomers with extended conjugation display a bathochromic shift in their absorption profiles and thus have a diverse range of potential optical applications. As Prof Senge?s group has interest in the areas of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and non-linear optics (NLO), the design of such oligomers took these into account. One method to enhance the bathochromic shift is via the creation of conjugatively linked porphyrin oligomers. In our work, a series of symmetric and unsymmetric dimeric and trimeric porphyrin systems which are connected via conjugated linkers, namely alkyne and phenylacetylene, were synthesised via palladium catalysed C-C coupling reactions. These novel unsymmetric dimers and symmetric trimers were synthesised via the incorporation of all substituents on the monomeric components prior to coupling. The majorit...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78187
Marked
Mark
The adsorption of amines and other small molecules on platinum surfaces
(2004)
Timothy, Evelyn Noelle
The adsorption of amines and other small molecules on platinum surfaces
(2004)
Timothy, Evelyn Noelle
Abstract:
THESIS 7461
This thesis presents an investigation of the adsorption and thermal decomposition of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and s-triazine on Pt(110) and carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide on Pt(331) using low energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy and angle resolved ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal desorption experiments show that methylamine decomposes to H2, HCN and C2N2 following thermal treatment. A second minor pathway produces CH4 and N2. H2 and D2 co-adsorption studies reveal that HCN is the product of a decomposition pathway leaving intact H-CN bonds. No C2N2 is observed during the co-adsorption experiments proving that CN exists as individual CN fragments on the surface and not as a surface polymer. These fragments combine with H(a) in excess hydrogen forming a second HCN phase. s-Triazine thermal decomposition also releases HCN, C2N2 and H2. Co-adsorption of s-triazine with H2 and D2 reveal that the ma...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78231
Marked
Mark
Investigation and theoretical modeling of the nonlinear optical properties of 5,10-A?B? porphyrins
(2012)
Zawadzka, Monika
Investigation and theoretical modeling of the nonlinear optical properties of 5,10-A?B? porphyrins
(2012)
Zawadzka, Monika
Abstract:
THESIS 10163
An optical limiter is a device which is transparent to ambient light but becomes opaque upon high intensity laser irradiation. Such irradiation is dangerous to human eyes and light sensitive detectors. Porphyrins, which are a group of conjugated macrocyclic dyes, are interesting candidates for optical limiting (OL) applications. This is because they exhibit strong positive nonlinear absorption (NLA) in the spectral window between Soret and Q- bands in the visible range. The NLA arises due to the sequential absorption of photons and is referred to as reverse saturable absorption (RSA). RSA occurs when the excited states absorb light more efficiently than the ground state, which is phenomenally expressed as transmission drop with intensity. Although much is known about the linear and nonlinear optical properties of porphyrins, it is still not fully understood how the structural features of these macrocycles impact their OL performance.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78258
Marked
Mark
Development of a continuous process for α-thio-β-chloroacrylamide synthesis with enhanced control of a cascade transformation
(2016)
Dennehy, Olga C.; Cacheux, Valérie M. Y.; Deadman, Benjamin J.; Lynch, Denis; Collins, ...
Development of a continuous process for α-thio-β-chloroacrylamide synthesis with enhanced control of a cascade transformation
(2016)
Dennehy, Olga C.; Cacheux, Valérie M. Y.; Deadman, Benjamin J.; Lynch, Denis; Collins, Stuart G.; Moynihan, Humphrey A.; Maguire, Anita R.
Abstract:
A continuous process strategy has been developed for the preparation of α-thio-β chloroacrylamides, a class of highly versatile synthetic intermediates. Flow platforms to generate the α-chloroamide and α-thioamide precursors were successfully adopted, progressing from the previously employed batch chemistry, and in both instances afford a readily scalable methodology. The implementation of the key α-thio-β-chloroacrylamide casade as a continuous flow reaction on a multi-gram scale is described, while the tuneable nature of the cascade, facilitated by continuous processing, is highlighted by selective generation of established intermediates and byproducts.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3363
Marked
Mark
Synthesis of biomedical relevant porphyrins
(2007)
Atta, Yasser Mohamed Shaker Abdelrahman
Synthesis of biomedical relevant porphyrins
(2007)
Atta, Yasser Mohamed Shaker Abdelrahman
Abstract:
THESIS 8201
The research carried out in the present study focuses mainly on the synthesis of functionalized, unsymmetrically substituted porphyrins for potential applications in photodynamic therapy. Chapter 1 introduces the different classes of porphyrins and describes the most significant general methodologies employed for the synthesis of various classes of meso-substituted porphyrins. The symmetric porphyrin starting materials (A2-porphyrins) are easily prepared by simple condensation reactions of dipyrromethane and suitable aldehydes. These porphyrins are then functionalized by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SnAr) with a wide variety of aliphatic, aromatic and functionalized organolithium reagents. Chapter 2 is concerned with an efficient synthesis of novel A2BC-porphyrins bearing highly reactive centers in substituents at the meso positions using corresponding functionalized organolithium reagents via two-step reactions.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78273
Marked
Mark
An ultrafast IR study of cytosine-rich nucleic acids and a photophysical study of porphyrin-nucleic acid systems
(2011)
Keane, P?raic M
An ultrafast IR study of cytosine-rich nucleic acids and a photophysical study of porphyrin-nucleic acid systems
(2011)
Keane, P?raic M
Abstract:
THESIS 8964
Work is presented in this thesis on two separate but complementary topics in the photochemistry of nucleic acids. Part one addresses the effect of direct UV excitation on the cytosine derivatives. Cytosine can form mutagenic dimers on exposure to sunlight, and this section examines the photophysical processes that occur in cytosine derivatives a few picoseconds after UV excitation. The experimental data is gathered primarily from the method of picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (ps-TRIR), with a particular interest in a non-emissive, relatively long-lived singlet n?* excited state previously observed in some cytosine systems.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78436
Marked
Mark
Carbon based nanomaterials application in dye sensitized solar cell
(2014)
Ahmad, Iftikhar
Carbon based nanomaterials application in dye sensitized solar cell
(2014)
Ahmad, Iftikhar
Abstract:
THESIS 10239
Sunlight is the largest of all available carbon-neutral energy sources. Therefore, currently solar cell or photovoltaic cell based technologies, which can convert solar energy into electricity, are of extreme importance. Over 20 years ago, Gratzel et al. developed a new type of photovoltaic cell which is known as dye- sensitized solar cell (DSSC.) DSSCs are relatively easy to produce and they can work in very varied weather conditions (e.g. under diffused light, cloudy day, indoor, etc.) without a real drop of their efficiency, but these cells still have a very limited applications due the low efficiency and the presence of unstable, volatile and expensive components. The main aim of this work was to improve the power conversion efficiencies and long tenn stabilities of DSSCs by using low cost and easily available materials. Thus this thesis predominantly focused on preparation, development and investigation of various carbon based nanocomposite and their applicatio...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78799
Marked
Mark
Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates : synthesis and characterisation of organoarsonate and organophosphonate functionalised polyoxovanadate clusters
(2010)
Breen, John Michael
Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates : synthesis and characterisation of organoarsonate and organophosphonate functionalised polyoxovanadate clusters
(2010)
Breen, John Michael
Abstract:
THESIS 8975
This thesis presents a significant contribution of research to the field of hybrid inorganic- organic polyoxometalates. Herein the functionalisation of polyoxovanadate clusters with aryl arsonates and aryl phosphonates is described and the structural and physiochemical properties of the product materials are discussed. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the field of research, highlights recent significant achievements and puts accomplishments into a broader context.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/78823
Marked
Mark
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported catalysts and novel organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis
(2013)
Gleeson, Oliver
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported catalysts and novel organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis
(2013)
Gleeson, Oliver
Abstract:
THESIS 10242
A study concerning the immobihsation onto magnetic nanoparticles of two useful classes of chiral organocatalyst which rely on a confluence of weak, easily perturbed van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions to promote enantioselective reactions has been undertaken for the first time. The catalysts were evaluated in two synthetically useful reaction classes: the kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols and the conjugate addition of dimethyl malonate to a nitroolefin.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79004
Marked
Mark
Graphene : synthesis and applications
(2012)
Kumar, Shishir
Graphene : synthesis and applications
(2012)
Kumar, Shishir
Abstract:
THESIS 9891
Carbon is ubiquitous around us and has been studied extensively, yet it has never failed to surprise us. One of its isomers, graphene was discovered only recently and it was supposed not to exist in free form. Graphene is unusual in many other ways, and holds great potential for applications as well as basic research. To realise this potential it is crucial that we have control on its production and processing. This thesis contributes towards this goal. The zero band gap of graphene restricts its use in conventional electronics, and therefore, one aim of this work was to develop strategies to utilise graphene in ways which do not depend on existence of a band gap.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79088
Marked
Mark
Investigation of novel photosensitisers for photodynamic cancer therapy
(2013)
Paszko, Edyta
Investigation of novel photosensitisers for photodynamic cancer therapy
(2013)
Paszko, Edyta
Abstract:
THESIS 10291
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed over last century and is now becoming a more widely used medical tool having gained regulatory approval for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and macular degeneration. It is based on photochemical reactions between light and tumour tissue with exogenous photosensitising agents (PS), most often porphyrins. Photochemical reactions lead to the conversion of molecular oxygen (3O2) into singlet oxygen (1O2) which is a key cytotoxic agent that damages cells.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79303
Marked
Mark
Modulating supramolecular structures and topologies of coordination polymers and networks using the iminodiacetic acid substituted aromatic ligands
(2011)
Walsh, David Paul
Modulating supramolecular structures and topologies of coordination polymers and networks using the iminodiacetic acid substituted aromatic ligands
(2011)
Walsh, David Paul
Abstract:
THESIS 9537
Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the research area described in this thesis. It puts the work into context and provides appropriate literature references. The chapter details the objectives of the work and presents the reader to the used ligand systems. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of coordination compounds using the 2- aminodiacetic terephthalic acid (H4adta) ligand. A range of novel coordination complexes are formed under ambient reaction conditions displaying a collection of intricate supramolecular interactions. Two mono-nuclear complexes in K[CoII(Hadta)(H2O)2].MeOH (1) and K[NiII(Hadta)(H2O)2].H2O (2), reveal similar coordination environments, but are characterised by different supramolecular interactions and packing arrangements. In contrast, the compound K[Cu1.5II(adta)(H2O)1.5].H2O (3) contains 1D coordination polymers, which are linked via potassium-oxygen interactions to yield a 3D network structure.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79391
Marked
Mark
The synthesis and testing of inhibitors for the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase (I)
(2000)
Ansari, Mohammed Reza
The synthesis and testing of inhibitors for the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase (I)
(2000)
Ansari, Mohammed Reza
Abstract:
THESIS 5451
This thesis investigates the design and synthesis of compounds to be tested as inhibitors of the enzyme guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (I), an enzyme which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of almost all pteridines found in nature, including the folates. It catalyses the conversion o f GT P to dihydroneopterin triphosphate through a number of intermediates. In chapter one a brief account of the importance o f GTP-cyclohydrolase (I) is given in the introduction together with a description of the residues involved at the active site. On the basis of this information we identified several target compounds including 3-deazaguanosine, 8-aza-7-deazaguanosine and 8-azaguanosine.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79441
Marked
Mark
Lanthanide-directed self-assembly formations from novel dipicolinic acid derivatives
(2014)
Barry, Dawn E.
Lanthanide-directed self-assembly formations from novel dipicolinic acid derivatives
(2014)
Barry, Dawn E.
Abstract:
THESIS 10704
This thesis, entitled ?Lanthanide-Directed Self-Assembly Formations from Novel Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives? is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1, the introduction, gives an overview of the lanthanide ions including their unique photophysical properties and the strategies employed for ligand design in the development of lanthanide luminescent complexes. Ln'"- directed self-assembly is central to the work described within this thesis and hence the following two sections are devoted to a discussion of those monometallic and multimetallic Ln'"-directed self-assembled systems reported in the literature.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79480
Marked
Mark
An investigation of the resistive switching in individual and networks of nickel nanowires
(2014)
Bell, Alan P.
An investigation of the resistive switching in individual and networks of nickel nanowires
(2014)
Bell, Alan P.
Abstract:
THESIS 10478
Nickel/nickel oxide core-shell nanowires can be transformed from their native electrically insulating state to a conductive state by the formation of an atomic scale conductive filament bridging the oxide. This resistive switching can be utilised to store information: a conductive state can be thought of as ON or 1, and insulating, an OFF or 0 state. In this thesis we fabricated networks of nickel nanowires and subsequently contacted these networks using a two-step lithography. This contacting was required to enable electrical characterisation of the networks.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79484
Marked
Mark
A study of nanowire junctions and their impact on the properties of nanowire networks
(2015)
Bellew, Allen T.
A study of nanowire junctions and their impact on the properties of nanowire networks
(2015)
Bellew, Allen T.
Abstract:
THESIS 10483
Nanowire networks are of immense technological interest due to their properties of high transparency, high porosity, flexibility, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Despite the increasing attention these materials continue to receive, there remains a fundamental lack of understanding in the literature regarding the properties of the basic building block of nanowire networks - the nanowire junction. This is highlighted by several recent reports in the literature that attempt to extract the resistance of the junction from bulk measurements, producing inconsistent results. This thesis focuses on addressing this lack of understanding by examining individual junctions composed of both silver and nickel nanowires with passivating surface layers. Passivation layers are ubiquitous throughout nanoscience, and are generally seen as obstacles that must be overcome in order to realise functional devices or applications.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79485
Marked
Mark
The synthesis and biological evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated glycan derivatives
(2014)
Bourke, Jean
The synthesis and biological evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated glycan derivatives
(2014)
Bourke, Jean
Abstract:
THESIS 10706
Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes chronic infection and causes disease through manipulation of the host's innate and adaptive immune response. The bacterial cell wall is highly complex and contains a rich variety of glycosylated compounds, some of which are secreted during infection and have been proposed as immunomodulatory molecules. Amongst the most important of these are the p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (p-HBADs) and phenolic glycolipids (PGLs). Herein is reported a synthetic methodology for the synthesis of these important biomolecules and their unnatural analogues and also the first in vitro study of the immunomodulatory effects of p-HBADs in isolation from the host bacterium.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79491
Marked
Mark
Nanostructured composite materials for solar energy conversion
(2015)
Brennan, Lorcan J.
Nanostructured composite materials for solar energy conversion
(2015)
Brennan, Lorcan J.
Abstract:
THESIS 10859
Sunlight is the largest of all available carbon neutral energy sources. Hence the development of solar energy devices, which can create energy from the sun are of extreme importance to society. In 1991, Gratzel et al. developed a new type of solar energy device, which could effectively convert solar radiation into electrical power. This device is known as the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This development heralded a new era in solar energy research as scientists and engineers developed methods of increasing device efficiency, longevity and routes towards successful scale up of this technology. Largely speaking the DSSC has numerous advantages when compared to conventional Si based devices, which currently dominate the market. DSSCs are relatively easy to produce from cheap abundant materials and they can work effectively in various weather conditions (e.g. under diffuse light and indoors).
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79493
Marked
Mark
Computer modelling of metal oxides
(2014)
Burbano, Mario
Computer modelling of metal oxides
(2014)
Burbano, Mario
Abstract:
THESIS 10714
Metal oxide ceramics constitute a group of inorganic compounds with a rich set of properties that have found use in many technological applications of present relevance. Defects in the crystalline structure of these materials account for some of their more attractive characteristics. The properties and compounds that are central to this work are the ionic conductivity in cerium dioxide electrolytes and the combination of a high electronic conductivity with transparency in cadmium oxide. The evolution of these attributes in the presence of defects are investigated using both first principles and interaction potential methods.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79501
Marked
Mark
Chiral lanthanide-directed self-assembly : ligand substitution as a path to functionally diverse supramolecular complexes
(2014)
Caffrey, David F.
Chiral lanthanide-directed self-assembly : ligand substitution as a path to functionally diverse supramolecular complexes
(2014)
Caffrey, David F.
Abstract:
THESIS 10808
Entitled ?Chiral Lanthanide-Directed Self-Assembly: Ligand Substitution as a Path to Functionally Diverse Supramolecular Complexes?, this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1, the introduction, aims to address topics pertinent to the research described in the following chapters. This chapter begins with an overview of the lanthanide metal ions, detailing the advantages offered by their unique photophysical and magnetic properties. An account of the various strategies employed for their inclusion into supramolecular complex designs is then given, focusing primarily on the macrocyclic and self-assembly approaches. Upon review of some recent lanthanide macrocyclic systems, the remainder of the chapter serves to introduce lanthanide-directed self-assembly. A comprehensive literature review of relevant examples of monometallic, multimetallic, and chiral lanthanide self-assemblies is first provided, before later describing related systems developed previou...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79506
Marked
Mark
The development of novel methodologies for the selective Tischenko reaction and the use of acylpyrazoles as directing groups in organocatalytic 1,4-conjugate addition reactions
(2014)
Curran, Simon
The development of novel methodologies for the selective Tischenko reaction and the use of acylpyrazoles as directing groups in organocatalytic 1,4-conjugate addition reactions
(2014)
Curran, Simon
Abstract:
THESIS 10382
Summary [end of chapter 1, page 59] Though significant advances in the field of organocatalytic Michael addition reactions have been achieved through the enantioselective additions of pronucleophiles to, in the main, nitrostyrenes and chalcones, there's still much room for improvement. Specificallly, these nitrostyrenes and chalcones are of little use and their utility as substrates is due to their high electrophilicity. It would be more advantageous to have a substrate which was stable, yet reactive enough under bifunctional catalysis and which could be readily further functionalised to yield products formally derived from ?,?-unsaturated esters, amides and acids (which are currently beyond the scope of bifunctional organocatalytic methodologies). It will be within the scope of this thesis to investigate such substrates.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79549
Marked
Mark
Synthesis of novel polyaromatic and heteropolyaromatic molecules
(2014)
Davis, Mia
Synthesis of novel polyaromatic and heteropolyaromatic molecules
(2014)
Davis, Mia
Abstract:
THESIS 10747
The aim of this work was to explore a number of different pathways for the synthesis of novel polyaromatic and heteroaromatic molecules. In particular, focus was directed towards the development of new preparative methods and the improvement of existing synthetic pathways for the synthesis of anthracenylporphyrins, triptycene scaffolds and subsequent triptycene-linked hexaporphyrin arrays.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79554
Marked
Mark
In vitro study of the interaction of heregulin-functionalized magnetic-optical nanorods with MCF7 and MDA-MB- 231 cells
(2017)
Lesniak, Anna; Kilinc, Devrim; Rashdan, Suad Ahmed; Kriegsheim, Alexander von; Ashall, ...
In vitro study of the interaction of heregulin-functionalized magnetic-optical nanorods with MCF7 and MDA-MB- 231 cells
(2017)
Lesniak, Anna; Kilinc, Devrim; Rashdan, Suad Ahmed; Kriegsheim, Alexander von; Ashall, B.; Zerulla, Dominic; Kolch, Walter; Lee, Gil U.
Abstract:
Multifunctional nanoparticles that actively target specific cells are promising tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this article we review the synthesis and surface chemistry of Fe–Au nanorods and their characterization using microscopy. The diameter of the rods used in this study was selected to be 150–200 nm so that they did not enter the cells. The 80 nm-long Au tips of the nanorods were functionalized with heregulin (HRG), and the micron-long Fe portion was coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer to minimize non-specific interactions. Nanorods functionalized with HRG were found to preferentially bind to MCF7 cells that express high levels of the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ErbB2/3. Magnetic tweezers measurements were used to characterize the kinetic properties of the bond between the HRG on the rods and ErbB2/3 on the surface of the cells. The strong magnetization of Fe–Au nanorods makes them excellent candidates for in-vitro and in-vivo imaging, and magnetic t...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8408
Marked
Mark
Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and electroless deposition for the synthesis of nanostructured metal / carbon microspheres
(2014)
Duffy, Paul
Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and electroless deposition for the synthesis of nanostructured metal / carbon microspheres
(2014)
Duffy, Paul
Abstract:
THESIS 10772
The objective of this work is to synthesis various nano-metallic carbon microsphere composite materials for environmental and catalytic applications. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and electroless deposition techniques were used to achieve this. The composites materials were characterised and their subsequent activity was demonstrated.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79999
Marked
Mark
N-Heterocyclic carbene-mediated reactions : controlling the fate of the Breslow Intermediate
(2015)
Fagan, Claire-Louise
N-Heterocyclic carbene-mediated reactions : controlling the fate of the Breslow Intermediate
(2015)
Fagan, Claire-Louise
Abstract:
THESIS 10884
We have developed a highly efficient, broad scope, additive-free mild protocol for the oxidative carbene-catalysed esterification of aldehydes. We have unambiguously identified benzoin as the oxidised species in these aerobic NHC-catalysed aldehyde esterifications proving that these reactions are mechanistically distinct from previously reported, similar esterifications. We also reported the first carbene-catalysed aerobic oxidative cleavage of cyclic 1,2-diketones and consequently exploited this novel organocatalytic process using similar reaction conditions to allow for the one-pot synthesis of an anhydride.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/80009
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