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Displaying Results 7626 - 7650 of 9682 on page 306 of 388
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The Catholic Church and revolution in Ireland
(2013)
Ó hAdhmaill, Féilim
The Catholic Church and revolution in Ireland
(2013)
Ó hAdhmaill, Féilim
Abstract:
Despite the involvement of radical socialists like James Connolly and the Irish Citizen Army in the 1916 Rising and the unanimous passing of the Democratic Programme (a socialist manifesto for the new Government) by the First Dáil in 1919, the Irish state has since its inception exhibited a highly conservative approach to social and economic policy, and politics generally in Ireland, North or South, have never faced a serious challenge from those seeking radical change. Several factors have played a part in this and this article focuses on one of these - the power and conservatism of the Catholic Church and its influence in shaping the political landscape. Despite a decline in recent years, the Church remains influential north and south of the Border in education provision, the current debates in relation to abortion and in culturally important aspects of life - baptism, communion and burial. In the past the Church’s political influence among Ireland’s majority Catholic community ha...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2852
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Access resistance reduction in Ge nanowires and substrates based on non-destructive gas-source dopant in-diffusion
(2014)
Duffy, Ray; Shayesteh, Maryam; Thomas, Kevin K.; Pelucchi, Emanuele; Yu, Ran; Gangnaik,...
Access resistance reduction in Ge nanowires and substrates based on non-destructive gas-source dopant in-diffusion
(2014)
Duffy, Ray; Shayesteh, Maryam; Thomas, Kevin K.; Pelucchi, Emanuele; Yu, Ran; Gangnaik, Anushka S.; Georgiev, Yordan M.; Carolan, Patrick B.; Petkov, Nikolay; Long, Brenda; Holmes, Justin D.
Abstract:
To maintain semiconductor device scaling, in recent years industry has been forced to move from planar to non-planar device architectures. This alone has created the need to develop a radically new, non-destructive method for doping. Doping alters the electrical properties of a semiconductor, related to the access resistance. Low access resistance is necessary for high performance technology and reduced power consumption. In this work the authors reduced access resistance in top–down patterned Ge nanowires and Ge substrates by a non-destructive dopant in-diffusion process. Furthermore, an innovative electrical characterisation methodology is developed for nanowire and fin-based test structures to extract important parameters that are related to access resistance such as nanowire resistivity, sheet resistance, and active doping levels. Phosphine or arsine was flowed in a Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy reactor over heated Ge samples in the range of 650–700 °C. Dopants were incorpor...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2280
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Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlN on self-assembled patterned nanorods
(2014)
Conroy, Michele; Zubialevich, Vitaly Z.; Li, Haoning; Petkov, Nikolay; Holmes, Justin D...
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlN on self-assembled patterned nanorods
(2014)
Conroy, Michele; Zubialevich, Vitaly Z.; Li, Haoning; Petkov, Nikolay; Holmes, Justin D.; Parbrook, Peter J.
Abstract:
We report an inexpensive nanoscale patterning process for epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) in AlN layers grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on sapphire. The pattern was produced by an inductively coupled plasma etch using a self-assembled monolayer of silica spheres on AlN as the lithographic mask. The resulting uniform 1 [small mu ]m length rod structure across a wafer showed a massive reduction in threading dislocations (TDs) when annealed at 1100 [degree]C. Overgrowing homoepitaxial AlN on top of the nanorods, at a temperature of 1100 [degree]C, produced a crack free coalesced film with approximately 4 [small mu ]m of growth, which is formed at a much lower temperature compared to that typically required for microscale ELOG. The improved crystal quality, in terms of TD reduction, of the AlN above the rods was determined by detailed weak beam (WB) electron microscopy studies and showed that the threading dislocation density (TDD) was greatly reduced, by approxi...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2241
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An analysis of selected secretion systems of Pseudomonas species
(2014)
Egan, Michael Frank
An analysis of selected secretion systems of Pseudomonas species
(2014)
Egan, Michael Frank
Abstract:
Direct secretion systems which deliver molecules from one cell to another have huge significance in shaping bacterial communities or in determining the outcome of bacterial associations with eukaryotic organisms. This work examines the roles of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) systems of Pseudomonas, a widespread genus including clinical pathogens and biocontrol strains. Bioinformatic analysis of T6SS phylogeny and associated gene content within Pseudomonas identified several T6SS phylogenetic groups, and linked T6SS components VgrG and Hcp encoded outside of T6SS gene loci with their cognate T6SS phylogenetic groups. Remarkably, such “orphan” vgrG and hcp genes were found to occur in diverse, horizontally transferred, operons often containing putative T6SS accessory components and effectors. The prevalence of a widespread superfamily of T6SS lipase effectors (Tle) was assessed in metagenomes from various environments. The abundance of the...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2771
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Salutogenesis: a new paradigm for pervasive computing in healthcare environments?
(2011)
Dalton, Cathy; McCartney, Kevin
Salutogenesis: a new paradigm for pervasive computing in healthcare environments?
(2011)
Dalton, Cathy; McCartney, Kevin
Abstract:
Salutogenesis is now accepted as a part of the contemporary model of disease: an individual is not only affected by pathogenic factors in the environment, but those that promote well-being or salutogenesis. Given that "environment" extends to include the built environment, promotion of salutogenesis has become part of the architectural brief for contemporary healthcare facilities, drawing on an increasing evidence-base. Salutogenesis is inextricably linked with the notion of person-environment "fit". MyRoom is a proposal for an integrated architectural and pervasive computing model, which enhances psychosocial congruence by using real-time data indicative of the individual's physical status to enable the environment of his/her room (colour, light, temperature) to adapt on an on-going basis in response to bio-signals. This work is part of the PRTLI-IV funded programme NEMBES, investigating the use of embedded technologies in the built environment. Different c...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2639
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Dentists’ requirements for continuing professional development in Ireland. A pilot study conducted at University College Cork
(2015)
Stewart, Christopher; Kinirons, Martin
Dentists’ requirements for continuing professional development in Ireland. A pilot study conducted at University College Cork
(2015)
Stewart, Christopher; Kinirons, Martin
Abstract:
Aims: To determine the self-assessed continuing professional development (CPD) needs of dental practitioners and identify how each discipline can best be served by a dental CPD programme. To set findings in the context of the available literature and contribute to the development of CPD programmes. Method: Topics were arranged into eight disciplines: practice management; paediatric dentistry; preventive dentistry; orthodontics; behaviour management; dentistry for people with a disability; oral medicine and surgery; and, restorative dentistry. A web-based questionnaire was constructed and administered using a MarkClass 2.21 online survey tool. Results: Fifty-six self-reported assessment responses were received, with three-quarters of participants having graduated within the past 10 years. Topics in oral medicine and surgery attracted consistently high levels of interest. A tendency to favour topics with a perceived direct clinical application was observed. Topics recommended by the D...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2725
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Decomposition of metal alkylamides, alkyls, and halides at reducible oxide surfaces: mechanism of 'clean-up' during atomic layer deposition of dielectrics onto III-V substrates
(2014)
Klejna, Sylwia; Elliott, Simon D.
Decomposition of metal alkylamides, alkyls, and halides at reducible oxide surfaces: mechanism of 'clean-up' during atomic layer deposition of dielectrics onto III-V substrates
(2014)
Klejna, Sylwia; Elliott, Simon D.
Abstract:
The pairing of high-k dielectric materials with high electron mobility semiconductors for transistors is facilitated when atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit the dielectric film. An interfacial cleaning mechanism (‘clean-up’) that results in consumption of semiconductor native oxides and in practically sharp dielectric/semiconductor interfaces has been observed during ALD of Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2, and Ta2O5 with various degrees of success. We undertake a comprehensive study using density functional theory (DFT) to explain differences in the performance of various classes of precursor chemicals in removing native oxide from III-V substrates. The study covers the metals Ta(V), Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), Al(III), Mg(II) combined with methyl, amide, and chloride ligands. Of these, we show that clean-up is most effective when depositing MgO. Clean-up with metal alkylamides has a similar mechanism to clean-up with metal methyls insofar as oxygen is scavenged by the metal. The differ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2421
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Reduction mechanisms of the CuO(111) surface through surface oxygen vacancy formation and hydrogen adsorption
(2013)
Maimaiti, Yasheng; Nolan, Michael; Elliott, Simon D.
Reduction mechanisms of the CuO(111) surface through surface oxygen vacancy formation and hydrogen adsorption
(2013)
Maimaiti, Yasheng; Nolan, Michael; Elliott, Simon D.
Abstract:
We studied the reduction of CuO(111) surface using density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (GGA + U) and screened hybrid DFT (HSE06 functional). The surface reduction process by oxygen vacancy formation and H2 adsorption on the CuO(111) surface is investigated as two different reduction mechanisms. It is found that both GGA + U and HSE06 predict the same trend in the relative stability of oxygen vacancies. We found that loss of the subsurface oxygen is initially thermodynamically favourable. As the oxygen vacancy concentration increases, mixture of subsurface and surface vacancies is energetically preferred over full reduction of the surface or subsurface monolayer. The reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ is found to be more favourable than that of Cu+ to Cu0 in the most stable vacancy structures at all concentrations. Consistent with the oxygen vacancy calculations, H2 adsorption occurs initially on under-coordinat...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2420
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Multiple proton diffusion and film densification in atomic layer deposition modeled by density functional theory
(2013)
Shirazi, Mahdi; Elliott, Simon D.
Multiple proton diffusion and film densification in atomic layer deposition modeled by density functional theory
(2013)
Shirazi, Mahdi; Elliott, Simon D.
Abstract:
To investigate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactions for growth of HfO2 from Hf(NMe2)4 (TDMAHf) andH2O, a density functional theory (DFT) slab model was employed. We inspected all energy steps, from the early stage of adsorption of each ALD precursor to the densification of multiple atoms into bulk-like HfO2 layers. The activation energy calculations show that repeated proton diffusion from the surface to amide ligands and rotation of the protonated amine is more energetically accessible than the simple elimination of the amine in the initial stage. We therefore propose that multiple protons diffuse to the amide ligands of the Hf precursor before desorption of protonated ligands takes place. Loss of a proton from surface oxygen frees it up for bonding to Hf of the precursor. Protonation of ligands, and especially desorption of ligands, frees up Hf for bonding to surface oxygen. These effects are termed “densification”, as they bring Hf−O packing closer to the bulk scenario. De...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2422
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Nanofabrication towards biophotonics
(2015)
Jones, Daniel
Nanofabrication towards biophotonics
(2015)
Jones, Daniel
Abstract:
This thesis explores methods for fabrication of nanohole arrays, and their integration into a benchtop system for use as sensors or anti-counterfeit labels. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to plasmonics and more specifically nanohole arrays and how they have potential as label free sensors compared to the current biosensors on the market. Various fabrication methods are explored, including Focused Ion Beam, Electron Beam Lithography, Nanoimprint lithography, Template stripping and Phase Shift Lithography. Focused Ion Beam was chosen to fabricate the nanohole arrays due to its suitability for rapid prototyping and it’s relatively low cost. In chapter 2 the fabrication of nanohole arrays using FIB is described, and the samples characterised. The fabricated nanohole arrays are tested as bulk refractive index sensors, before a bioassay using whole molecule human IgG antibodies and antigen is developed and performed on the senor. In chapter 3 the fabricated sensors are integrated into a ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2720
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Historic land reclamation in the intertidal wetlands of the Shannon estuary, western Ireland
(2002)
Healy, Michael; Hickey, Kieran R.
Historic land reclamation in the intertidal wetlands of the Shannon estuary, western Ireland
(2002)
Healy, Michael; Hickey, Kieran R.
Abstract:
There is abundant landscape evidence for extensive land reclamation conducted within the Shannon estuary wetlands. To date, little published research is available which identifies how much reclamation has occurred, its timing and the likely environmental implications. This paper addresses these questions on the basis of available cartographic and documentary data on land reclamation in this area. Identification of reclaimed land was based on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey of Ireland Map Series of 1924. These maps represent landscape features relating to reclamation, such as embankments, artificial arterial drainage channels and sluices. Using such indicators for the purpose of demarcation, the extent of the lands reclaimed has been mapped. Documentary information on reclamation schemes was acquired from the National Archives files on the Irish Quit Rent Office, including letters, memoranda, draft bills and Government Acts, legal documents and statements of account, and these suppor...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2521
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Optical emission of strained direct-band-gap Ge quantum well embedded inside InGaAs alloy layers
(2013)
Pavarelli, Nicola; Ochalski, Tomasz J.; Murphy-Armando, Felipe; Huo, Y.; Schmidt, Micha...
Optical emission of strained direct-band-gap Ge quantum well embedded inside InGaAs alloy layers
(2013)
Pavarelli, Nicola; Ochalski, Tomasz J.; Murphy-Armando, Felipe; Huo, Y.; Schmidt, Michael; Huyet, Guillaume; Harris, J. S.
Abstract:
We studied the optical properties of a strain-induced direct-band-gap Ge quantum well embedded in InGaAs. We showed that the band offsets depend on the electronegativity of the layer in contact with Ge, leading to different types of optical transitions in the heterostructure. When group-V atoms compose the interfaces, only electrons are confined in Ge, whereas both carriers are confined when the interface consists of group-III atoms. The different carrier confinement results in different emission dynamics behavior. This study provides a solution to obtain efficient light emission from Ge.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2602
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Using structure-based organic chemistry online tutorials with automated correction for student practice and review
(2014)
O'Sullivan, Timothy P.; Hargaden, Gráinne C.
Using structure-based organic chemistry online tutorials with automated correction for student practice and review
(2014)
O'Sullivan, Timothy P.; Hargaden, Gráinne C.
Abstract:
This article describes the development and implementation of an open-access organic chemistry question bank for online tutorials and assessments at University College Cork and Dublin Institute of Technology. SOCOT (structure-based organic chemistry online tutorials) may be used to supplement traditional small-group tutorials, thereby allowing students to develop essential problem-solving skills in organic chemistry. This online approach may be used for both formative and summative assessment. Students complete one problem set weekly or fortnightly, which consists of a number of questions of varying difficulty. A wide range of question types is possible; for example, prediction of reaction products, identification of reaction intermediates or reagents, and retrosynthetic analyses. Questions involving stereochemistry may be also be incorporated. The implementation is described, along with several sample questions and advice for creating questions. This approach is suitable for all lev...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2416
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High or low tech approaches to teaching and learning?: The value of pedagogical soundness
(2015)
Byrne, Edmond P.
High or low tech approaches to teaching and learning?: The value of pedagogical soundness
(2015)
Byrne, Edmond P.
Abstract:
This paper looks at the application of peer instruction via in-class concept questions, an approach based on a constructivist conception of learning (as opposed to a ‘transmissionist’ model) that facilitates the engagement of learners through active learning opportunities (Smith et al, 2009). This approach has been adopted using both ‘high tech’ (clickers) and ‘low tech’ (flashcards) approaches (Mazur, 1997, 2009), whereby crucially, ‘no significant differences were found in conceptual learning gains’ between either approach (Lasry, 2008). The current paper considers the use of flashcards to facilitate peer discussion and learning in a fluid mechanics module and elicits learner reflections on how this approach better facilitates learning relative to a ‘traditional’ lecturing approaches. It also reflects on how this approach compares with other technological innovations aimed at supporting learning. Conclusions are drawn around the need to place the pedagogical horse ahead of the tec...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2443
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Are the special educational needs of children in their first year in primary school in Ireland being identified: a cross-sectional study
(2014)
Curtin, Margaret; Baker, Denise; Staines, Anthony; Perry, Ivan J.
Are the special educational needs of children in their first year in primary school in Ireland being identified: a cross-sectional study
(2014)
Curtin, Margaret; Baker, Denise; Staines, Anthony; Perry, Ivan J.
Abstract:
Background: If the window of opportunity presented by the early years is missed, it becomes increasingly difficult to create a successful life-course. A biopsychosocial model of special educational need with an emphasis on participation and functioning moves the frame of reference from the clinic to the school and the focus from specific conditions to creating supportive environments cognisant of the needs of all children. However, evidence suggests that an emphasis on diagnosed conditions persists and that the needs of children who do not meet these criteria are not identified. The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a well-validated, teacher-completed population-level measure of five domains of child development. It is uniquely placed, at the interface between health and education, to explore the developmental status of children with additional challenges within a typically developing population. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the special educational ne...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2244
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Convergence and translation: attitudes to inter-professional learning and teaching of creative problem-solving among medical and engineering students and staff
(2014)
Spoelstra, Howard; Stoyanov, Slavi; Burgoyne, Louise N.; Bennett, Deirdre; Sweeney, Cat...
Convergence and translation: attitudes to inter-professional learning and teaching of creative problem-solving among medical and engineering students and staff
(2014)
Spoelstra, Howard; Stoyanov, Slavi; Burgoyne, Louise N.; Bennett, Deirdre; Sweeney, Catherine; Drachsler, Hendrik; Vanderperren, Katrien; Van Huffel, Sabine; McSweeney, John; Shorten, George D.; O'Flynn, Siun; Cantillon-Murphy, Pádraig; O'Tuathaigh, Colm M. P.
Abstract:
Background: Healthcare worldwide needs translation of basic ideas from engineering into the clinic. Consequently, there is increasing demand for graduates equipped with the knowledge and skills to apply interdisciplinary medicine/engineering approaches to the development of novel solutions for healthcare. The literature provides little guidance regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, effective interdisciplinary learning for engineering and medical students in a team-based project context. Methods: A quantitative survey was distributed to engineering and medical students and staff in two universities, one in Ireland and one in Belgium, to chart knowledge and practice in interdisciplinary learning and teaching, and of the teaching of innovation. Results: We report important differences for staff and students between the disciplines regarding attitudes towards, and perceptions of, the relevance of interdisciplinary learning opportunities, and the role of creativity and innovation. ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2256
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Redox proteomics changes in the fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii on arsenic exposure: identification of protein responses to metal-induced oxidative stress in an environmentally-sampled isolate
(2014)
Ilyas, Sidra; Rehman, Abdul; Varela, Ana Coelho; Sheehan, David
Redox proteomics changes in the fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii on arsenic exposure: identification of protein responses to metal-induced oxidative stress in an environmentally-sampled isolate
(2014)
Ilyas, Sidra; Rehman, Abdul; Varela, Ana Coelho; Sheehan, David
Abstract:
Trichosporon asahii is a yeast pathogen implicated in opportunistic infections. Cultures of an isolate collected from industrial wastewater were exposed for 2 days to 100 mg/L sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and cadmium (CdCl2). Both metals reduced glutathione transferase (GST) activity but had no effect on superoxide dismutase or catalase. NaAsO2 exposure increased glutathione reductase activity while CdCl2 had no effect. Protein thiols were labeled with 5-iodoacetamido fluorescein followed by one dimensional electrophoresis which revealed extensive protein thiol oxidation in response to CdCl2 treatment but thiol reduction in response to NaAsO2. Two dimensional electrophoresis analyses showed that the intensity of some protein spots was enhanced on treatment as judged by SameSpots image analysis software. In addition, some spots showed decreased IAF fluorescence suggesting thiol oxidation. Selected spots were excised and tryptic digested for identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Twenty uniq...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2330
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Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a marine-derived bacillus strain for use as an in-feed probiotic for newly weaned pigs
(2014)
Prieto, Maria Luz; O'Sullivan, Laurie; Tan, Shiau Pin; McLoughlin, Peter; Hughes, ...
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a marine-derived bacillus strain for use as an in-feed probiotic for newly weaned pigs
(2014)
Prieto, Maria Luz; O'Sullivan, Laurie; Tan, Shiau Pin; McLoughlin, Peter; Hughes, Helen; O'Donovan, Orla; Rea, Mary C.; Kent, Robert M.; Cassidy, Joseph P.; Gardiner, Gillian E.; Lawlor, Peadar G.
Abstract:
Forty eight individual pigs (8.7 ± 0.26 kg) weaned at 28 ± 1 d of age were used in a 22-d study to evaluate the effect of oral administration of a Bacillus pumilus spore suspension on growth performance and health indicators. Treatments (n = 16) were: (1) non-medicated diet; (2) medicated diet with apramycin (200 mg/kg) and pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (2,500 mg zinc/kg) and (3) B. pumilus diet (non-medicated diet + 10(10) spores/day B. pumilus). Final body weight and average daily gain tended to be lower (P = 0.07) and feed conversion ratio was worsened (P<0.05) for the medicated treatment compared to the B. pumilus treatment. Ileal E. coli counts were lower for the B. pumilus and medicated treatments compared to the non-medicated treatment (P<0.05), perhaps as a result of increased ileal propionic acid concentrations (P<0.001). However, the medicated treatment reduced fecal (P<0.001) and cecal (P<0.05) Lactobacillus counts and tended to reduce the total ceca...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2341
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Habitat-mediated dive behavior in free-ranging grey seals
(2013)
Jessopp, Mark J.; Cronin, Michelle A.; Hart, Tom
Habitat-mediated dive behavior in free-ranging grey seals
(2013)
Jessopp, Mark J.; Cronin, Michelle A.; Hart, Tom
Abstract:
Understanding the links between foraging behaviour and habitat use of key species is essential to addressing fundamental questions about trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning. Eight female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) were equipped with time-depth recorders linked to Fastloc GPS tags following the annual moult in southwest Ireland. Individual dives were coupled with environmental correlates to investigate the habitat use and dive behaviour of free-ranging seals. Dives were characterised as either pelagic, benthic, or shallow (where errors in location and charted water depth made differentiating between pelagic and benthic dives unreliable). Sixty-nine percent of dives occurring in water >50 m were benthic. Pelagic dives were more common at night than during the day. Seals performed more pelagic dives over fine sediments (mud/sand), and more benthic dives when foraging over more three-dimensionally complex rock substrates. We used Markov chain analysis to determine the...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2378
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Selection and phylogenetics of salmonid MHC class I: wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) differ from a non-native introduced strain
(2013)
O'Farrell, Brian; Benzie, John A. H.; McGinnity, Philip; de Eyto, Elvira; Dillane,...
Selection and phylogenetics of salmonid MHC class I: wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) differ from a non-native introduced strain
(2013)
O'Farrell, Brian; Benzie, John A. H.; McGinnity, Philip; de Eyto, Elvira; Dillane, Eileen; Coughlan, Jamie P.; Cross, Thomas F.
Abstract:
We tested how variation at a gene of adaptive importance, MHC class I (UBA), in a wild, endemic Salmo trutta population compared to that in both a previously studied non-native S. trutta population and a co-habiting Salmo salar population ( a sister species). High allelic diversity is observed and allelic divergence is much higher than that noted previously for cohabiting S. salar. Recombination was found to be important to population-level divergence. The alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of UBA demonstrate ancient lineages but novel lineages are also identified at both domains in this work. We also find examples of recombination between UBA and the non-classical locus, ULA. Evidence for strong diversifying selection was found at a discrete suite of S. trutta UBA amino acid sites. The pattern was found to contrast with that found in re-analysed UBA data from an artificially stocked S. trutta population.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2379
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Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins bind integrin alpha IIb beta 3 and inhibit the platelet-fibrinogen interaction
(2013)
Shanley, Daniel K.; Kiely, Patrick A.; Golla, Kalyan; Allen, Seamus; Martin, Kenneth; O...
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins bind integrin alpha IIb beta 3 and inhibit the platelet-fibrinogen interaction
(2013)
Shanley, Daniel K.; Kiely, Patrick A.; Golla, Kalyan; Allen, Seamus; Martin, Kenneth; O'Riordan, Ronan T.; Ball, Melanie; Aplin, John D.; Singer, Bernhard B.; Caplice, Noel M.; Moran, Niamh; Moore, Thomas F.
Abstract:
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are immunoglobulin superfamily members encoded by multigene families in rodents and primates. In human pregnancy, PSGs are secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast, a fetal tissue, and reach a concentration of up to 400 mu g/ml in the maternal bloodstream at term. Human and mouse PSGs induce release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF beta 1 from monocytes, macrophages, and other cell types, suggesting an immunoregulatory function. RGD tri-peptide motifs in the majority of human PSGs suggest that they may function like snake venom disintegrins, which bind integrins and inhibit interactions with ligands. We noted that human PSG1 has a KGD, rather than an RGD motif. The presence of a KGD in barbourin, a platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3 antagonist found in snake venom, suggested that PSG1 may be a selective alpha IIb beta 3 ligand. Here we show that human PSG1 binds alpha IIb beta 3 and inhibits the platelet - fibrinogen interaction...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2390
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A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
A non-classical LysR-type transcriptional regulator PA2206 is required for an effective oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2013)
Reen, F. Jerry; Haynes, Jill M.; Mooij, Marlies J.; O'Gara, Fergal
Abstract:
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are emerging as key circuit components in regulating microbial stress responses and are implicated in modulating oxidative stress in the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The oxidative stress response encapsulates several strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. However, many of the regulatory components and associated molecular mechanisms underpinning this key adaptive response remain to be characterised. Comparative analysis of publically available transcriptomic datasets led to the identification of a novel LTTR, PA2206, whose expression was altered in response to a range of host signals in addition to oxidative stress. PA2206 was found to be required for tolerance to H2O2 in vitro and lethality in vivo in the Zebrafish embryo model of infection. Transcriptomic analysis in the presence of H2O2 showed that PA2206 altered the expression of 58 genes, including a large repertoire of oxid...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2395
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Doping controlled roughness and defined mesoporosity in chemically etched silicon nanowires with tunable conductivity
(2013)
McSweeney, William; Lotty, Olan; Mogili, N. V. V.; Glynn, Colm; Geaney, Hugh; Tanner, D...
Doping controlled roughness and defined mesoporosity in chemically etched silicon nanowires with tunable conductivity
(2013)
McSweeney, William; Lotty, Olan; Mogili, N. V. V.; Glynn, Colm; Geaney, Hugh; Tanner, David A.; Holmes, Justin D.; O'Dwyer, Colm
Abstract:
By using Si(100) with different dopant type (n++-type (As) or p-type (B)), we show how metal-assisted chemically etched (MACE) nanowires (NWs) can form with rough outer surfaces around a solid NW core for p-type NWs, and a unique, defined mesoporous structure for highly doped n-type NWs. We used high resolution electron microscopy techniques to define the characteristic roughening and mesoporous structure within the NWs and how such structures can form due to a judicious choice of carrier concentration and dopant type. The n-type NWs have a mesoporosity that is defined by equidistant pores in all directions, and the inter-pore distance is correlated to the effective depletion region width at the reduction potential of the catalyst at the silicon surface in a HF electrolyte. Clumping in n-type MACE Si NWs is also shown to be characteristic of mesoporous NWs when etched as high density NW layers, due to low rigidity (high porosity). Electrical transport investigations show that the et...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2408
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Contact resistivity and suppression of Fermi level pinning in side-contacted germanium nanowires
(2013)
Koleśnik-Gray, Maria M.; Lutz, Tarek; Collins, Gillian; Biswas, Subhajit; Holmes, Justi...
Contact resistivity and suppression of Fermi level pinning in side-contacted germanium nanowires
(2013)
Koleśnik-Gray, Maria M.; Lutz, Tarek; Collins, Gillian; Biswas, Subhajit; Holmes, Justin D.; Krstić, Vojislav
Abstract:
Electrical properties of contact-interfaces in germanium nanowire field effect transistor devices are studied. In contrast to planar bulk devices, it is shown that the active conduction channel and gate length extend between and underneath the contact electrodes. Furthermore, direct scaling of contact resistivity and Schottky barrier height with electrode metal function is observed. The associated pinning parameter was found to be γ=0.65 ± 0.03γ=0.65 ± 0.03, which demonstrates a significant suppression of Fermi level pinning in quasi-one-dimensional structures.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2407
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In vivo activity of Nisin A and Nisin V against Listeria monocytogenes in mice
(2013)
Campion, Alicia M.; Casey, Pat G.; Field, Des; Cotter, Paul D.; Hill, Colin; Ross, R. Paul
In vivo activity of Nisin A and Nisin V against Listeria monocytogenes in mice
(2013)
Campion, Alicia M.; Casey, Pat G.; Field, Des; Cotter, Paul D.; Hill, Colin; Ross, R. Paul
Abstract:
Background: Lantibiotics are post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides, of which nisin A is the most extensively studied example. Bioengineering of nisin A has resulted in the generation of derivatives with increased in vitro potency against Gram-positive bacteria. Of these, nisin V (containing a Met21Val change) is noteworthy by virtue of exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against a wide range of clinical and food-borne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes. However, this increased potency has not been tested in vivo. Results: Here we address this issue by assessing the ability of nisin A and nisin V to control a bioluminescent strain of Listeria monocytogenes EGDe in a murine infection model. More specifically, Balb/c mice were infected via the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 1 × 105 cfu/animal and subsequently treated intraperitoneally with either nisin V, nisin A or a PBS control. Bioimaging of the mice was carried out on day 3 of the trial. Animals w...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2401
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