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Current Search:
'engineering' in all fields; Year = 2011;
422 items found
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Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 422 on page 1 of 17
Marked
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Estimating Risk of Failure of Engineering Structures using Predictive Likelihood
(2011)
Caprani, Colin; Bordallo-Ruiz, A.; O'Brien, E. J.
Estimating Risk of Failure of Engineering Structures using Predictive Likelihood
(2011)
Caprani, Colin; Bordallo-Ruiz, A.; O'Brien, E. J.
Abstract:
<p>It has been common engineering practice to define characteristic values for loading and capacity of structures in order to assess the structural capacity of existing structures. This approach, yet practical and intuitive, lead to the comparison of deterministic values (characteristic values) that had to represent all the variability of the problem and is considered to be conservative, as usually loading is overestimated and capacity underestimated, yielding to calculations with high safety margins for the extreme events. Probabilistics methods have tried to overcom e this limitation by computing the overall probability of failure (Pf) for the lifetime of the structure, taking into account the real probabilistic distribution of both loading and resistance. In this paper, Predictive Likelihood (PL) is presented as a powerful method to determine the lifetime distribution for loading and resistance. From these lifetime distributions the probability of failure is c...
http://arrow.dit.ie/engschcivcon/25
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Engineering and Re-engineering Earth: Industrialized Harvesting of Ireland’s Peatlands and its Aftermath
(2011)
Breathnach, Proinnsias
Engineering and Re-engineering Earth: Industrialized Harvesting of Ireland’s Peatlands and its Aftermath
(2011)
Breathnach, Proinnsias
Abstract:
Such has been the transformation of the planet Earth by human activity over the last 200 years thatWood (2009), quoting scientist Paul Crutzen, has suggested that geologists should henceforth refer to these two centuries as the “anthropocene” period. In that time, according to Wood, humans have reshaped about half of the Earth’s surface. While some of this reshaping has been unintended, for the most part it has constituted deliberate engineering, that is, the application of science, technology and know-how to achieve particular ends. The result has been the transformation of the earth, identified by Kates (1987) as one of the key strands of the analysis of human/environment relations, and one of the core concerns of geography as an academic discipline. “Earth” being a concept with many meanings, here we use it to refer to the surface of our planet, which provides the environment for human habitation, and that thin layer of earth’s crust underneath the surface from which humans deriv...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3082/
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Does a Link Exist Between Examination Performance and Lecture Attendance for First Year Engineering Students ?
(2011)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
Does a Link Exist Between Examination Performance and Lecture Attendance for First Year Engineering Students ?
(2011)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
<p>The objective of this study is to examine if a link exists between lecture attendance and examination performance of Level 7, Year 1, Electrical Engineering students at Dublin Institute of Technology in the Electrical Systems subject. Lecture attendance was monitored and analysed over four academic years (2007-8, 2008-9, 2009-10 and 2010-11). The average lecture attendance for students in the three academic years from 2007-10 was 55%, increasing noticeably in the 2009-10 academic year. A statistically significant weakly positive correlation between lecture attendance and examination performance was established. Each 10% increase in student attendance at lectures improved both Module 1 examination and terminal examination performance by approximately 3% on average, a finding similar to that reported in other studies.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/166
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Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering
(2011)
O'BRIEN, FERGAL
Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering
(2011)
O'BRIEN, FERGAL
Abstract:
Every day thousands of surgical procedures are performed to replace or repair tissue that has been damaged through disease or trauma. The developing field of tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate damaged tissues by combining cells from the body with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which act as templates for tissue regeneration, to guide the growth of new tissue. This article describes the functional requirements, and types, of materials used in developing state of the art of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, it describes the challenges and where future research and direction is required in this rapidly advancing field.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/54960
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Using Model Driven Engineering to Reliably Automate the Measurement of Object-Oriented Software
(2011)
McQuillan, Jacqueline A.
Using Model Driven Engineering to Reliably Automate the Measurement of Object-Oriented Software
(2011)
McQuillan, Jacqueline A.
Abstract:
Software metrics have many important uses in software engineering, for example, assessing software quality or estimating the cost and effort of developing software. Many metrics have been proposed and new metrics continue to appear in the literature. Many of these metrics are incomplete, ambiguous and open to a variety of different interpretations making it difficult to create general metric tools. Furthermore, everytime a new software metric is defined the tools need to be updated to include the new metric. This makes it difficult to perform independent validation of empirical results and to investigate how different metrics relate to each other. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is an emerging approach to software development in which models are the primary focus. In this model-oriented approach, design artifacts such as Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams as well as implementation artifacts such as program code are considered as different models of a software system. Working a...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/2574/
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Is attending lectures still relevant in engineering education?
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, John J.; Cronin, Kevin; Byrne, Edmond P.
Is attending lectures still relevant in engineering education?
(2011)
Fitzpatrick, John J.; Cronin, Kevin; Byrne, Edmond P.
Abstract:
Submitted Version
A case study was conducted on a group of undergraduate chemical engineering students to assess the relevance of attending lectures from a student perspective and to understand why these students attend and do not attend lectures with a view to developing approaches to teaching, which are of greater interest and benefit to student learning. The students were surveyed by means of a questionnaire-type survey, which collected both quantitative and qualitative data from them. The majority of students stated that lectures are still very beneficial to their learning and are not an out-of-date mode of education. The major reasons for lecture non-attendance were time priority and curriculum overload issues with other scholarly activities and poor quality teaching. The students provided a number of suggestions to improve lectures and lecture attendance, including the incorporation of active learning in lectures, linking lectures to assessment and adding extra value to wh...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/354
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Systematic literature reviews in software engineering: preliminary results from interviews with researchers
(2011)
Ali Babar, Muhammad; Zhang, He
Systematic literature reviews in software engineering: preliminary results from interviews with researchers
(2011)
Ali Babar, Muhammad; Zhang, He
Abstract:
Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) have been gaining significant attention from software engineering researchers since 2004. Several researchers have reported their experiences of and lessons learned from applying systematic reviews to different subject matters in software engineering. However, there has been no attempt at independently exploring experiences and perceptions of the practitioners of systematic reviews in order to gain an in-depth understanding of various aspects of systemic reviews as a new research methodology in software engineering. We assert that there is a need of evidence-based body of knowledge about the application of systematic reviews in software engineering. To address this need, we have started an empirical research program that aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge about systematic reviews in software engineering. This paper reports the design, logistics, and results of the first phase empirical study carried out in this program. The resul...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/1151
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Engineering of therapeutic proteins production in Escherichia coli
(2011)
KAMIONKA, MARIUSZ
Engineering of therapeutic proteins production in Escherichia coli
(2011)
KAMIONKA, MARIUSZ
Abstract:
Low cost and simplicity of cultivating bacteria make the E. coli expression system a preferable choice for production of therapeutic proteins both on a lab scale and in industry. In addition straightforward recombinant DNA technology offers engineering tools to produce protein molecules with modified features. The lack of posttranslational modification mechanisms in bacterial cells such as glycosylation, proteolytic protein maturation or limited capacity for formation of disulfide bridges may, to a certain extent, be overcome with protein engineering. Protein engineering is also often employed to improve protein stability or to modulate its biological action. More sophisticated modifications may be achieved by genetic fusions of two proteins. This article presents a variety of examples of genetic engineering of therapeutic proteins. It emphasizes the importance of designing a construct without any unnecessary amino acid residues.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/59410
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What do Final Year Engineering Students Know About Sustainable Development
(2011)
Nicolaou, Iacovos; Conlon, Eddie
What do Final Year Engineering Students Know About Sustainable Development
(2011)
Nicolaou, Iacovos; Conlon, Eddie
Abstract:
<p>This paper presents data from a project which aims to determine the level of knowledge and understanding of engineering students about Sustainable Development (SD). The data derives from a survey completed by final year engineering students in three Irish Higher Education Institutions. This paper is part of a larger study which examines the relationship between students’ and teachers’ understanding of SD. The results from the survey show that final year engineering students have a discipline-led conception of SD. The majority of the participants fail to acknowledge the complexity of the concept and focus only on environmental protection. Their knowledge of legislation relevant to SD and the social aspect of sustainability is deficient.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/engineducart/1
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Software engineering projects may fail before they are started : post-mortem analysis of five cancelled projects
(2011)
Ahonen, Jarmo J.; Savolainen, Paula
Software engineering projects may fail before they are started : post-mortem analysis of five cancelled projects
(2011)
Ahonen, Jarmo J.; Savolainen, Paula
Abstract:
Context: Software project cancellations are often caused by mistakes made during the project, and such cancellations make a strong economic impact. We analyzed five cancelled software engineering projects. One case was an internal product development project of a company that sells products to its customers. The other four cases were different software engineering projects, and outcomes of these projects were planned to be delivered to external customers. Objective: This study reports a post-mortem analysis of five software engineering projects with the aim of providing more knowledge about the reasons for cancellation decisions and the causes behind those reasons. Method: The research method is case study. A method for a document-based post-mortem analysis was developed and post-mortem analysis was performed. All project documentation was available for analysis. Results: The reasons for the cancellation decisions were well-known ones. In four cases of five, the outcome of the proj...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/659
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Determination of Characteristic Bridge DAF using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Critical Static Loading Scenarios
(2011)
Caprani, Colin; Rattigan, Paraic; Gonzalez, Arturo; O'Brien, E. J.
Determination of Characteristic Bridge DAF using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Critical Static Loading Scenarios
(2011)
Caprani, Colin; Rattigan, Paraic; Gonzalez, Arturo; O'Brien, E. J.
Abstract:
<p>The development of accurate codes for the design of bridges and the evaluation of existing structures requires adequate assessment of site-specific heavy traffic loading and also the dynamic interaction that may occur as this traffic traverses the structure. Shortcomings in current design codes occur due to the relatively independent manner in which critical static loading values and the corresponding allowance for dynamic amplification factor (DAF) are obtained. It is important that an approach is adopted that allows for the reduced probability of both high static loading and high dynamic amplification occurring simultaneously. Consideration of only relevant critical loading events will allow for efficient and accurate determination of independent values for characteristic (lifetime-maximum) static and total load effects. This paper proposes a method whereby initially the critical static loading scenarios for a chosen bridge are determined, from Monte Carlo s...
http://arrow.dit.ie/engschcivcon/26
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Critical Success Factors in the Re-Engineering of 21st Century Supply Chains
(2011)
Sweeney, Edward
Critical Success Factors in the Re-Engineering of 21st Century Supply Chains
(2011)
Sweeney, Edward
http://arrow.dit.ie/nitloth/68
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Qualitative Research in Engineering Education
(2011)
Kelly, Kevin; Bowe, Brian
Qualitative Research in Engineering Education
(2011)
Kelly, Kevin; Bowe, Brian
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/165
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Cell-seeded decellularised extracellular matrices as an advanced approach for tissue engineering
(2011)
Piterina, Anna V.; Davis, L.M.; Meaney, C.L.; Cloonan, Aidan J.; Walsh, M.T.; McGloughl...
Cell-seeded decellularised extracellular matrices as an advanced approach for tissue engineering
(2011)
Piterina, Anna V.; Davis, L.M.; Meaney, C.L.; Cloonan, Aidan J.; Walsh, M.T.; McGloughlin, Timothy M.
Abstract:
Development and optimisation of therapeutic applications using biological scaffolds composed of naturally occurring extracellular matrix (ECM) have received significant attention in the field of tissue engineering. Histological and molecular investigations combined with comprehensive electron microscopy have shown that decellularised matrices from animal sources may vary in structure and biochemical properties. The source (bladder or small intestine submucosa), species, age of animal, and type of preparation of these matrices may contribute to the unique biophysical properties of the delivered product. Comparison of the thickness, topography, porosity and biomechanical properties of these matrices are presented. Vascular cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, and cell ingrowths on scaffold matrices were analysed using fluorescent labelling and laser confocal microscopy. ECM is shown to be a promising material for vascular tissue engineering and supports the growth, proliferatio...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/1267
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Model-driven engineering of planning and optimisation algorithms for pervasive computing environments
(2011)
CAHILL, VINNY; HARRINGTON, ANTHONY CHRISTOPHER
Model-driven engineering of planning and optimisation algorithms for pervasive computing environments
(2011)
CAHILL, VINNY; HARRINGTON, ANTHONY CHRISTOPHER
Abstract:
This paper presents a model-driven approach to developing pervasive computing applications that exploits designtime information to support the engineering of planning and optimisation algorithms that reflect the presence of uncertainty, dynamism and complexity in the application domain. In particular the task of generating code to implement planning and optimisation algorithms in pervasive computing domains is addressed. We present a layered domain model containing a set of objectoriented specifications for modelling physical and sensor/actuator infrastructure and state-space information. Our model-driven engineering approach is implemented in two transformation algorithms. The initial transformation parses the domain model and generates a planning model for the application being developed that encodes an application’s states, actions and rewards. The second transformation parses the planning model and selects and seeds a planning or optimisation algorithm for use in the application...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61637
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Integrating Contour-Coupling with Spatio-Temporal Models in Multi-Dimensional Cardiac Image Segmentation
(2011)
O'Brien, Stephen
Integrating Contour-Coupling with Spatio-Temporal Models in Multi-Dimensional Cardiac Image Segmentation
(2011)
O'Brien, Stephen
http://doras.dcu.ie/16072/
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Integrated WEC System Optimisation – Achieving Balanced Technology Development and Economical Lifecycle Performance
(2011)
Weber, Jochem; Teillant, Boris; Costello, Ronan; Ringwood, John; Soulard, Thomas
Integrated WEC System Optimisation – Achieving Balanced Technology Development and Economical Lifecycle Performance
(2011)
Weber, Jochem; Teillant, Boris; Costello, Ronan; Ringwood, John; Soulard, Thomas
Abstract:
Successful development of economical wave energy converter (WEC) systems requires an integrated and balanced research technology development process and a thorough understanding of the economic performance criteria over the system lifecycle. Core performance attributes are associated with WEC concept, technology, operation and wavefarm economics and include survivability, power output, availability and cost. Both integrated system optimisation and successful research technology development routes require appropriate WEC system assessment tools. The paper describes the structure of an integrated techno-economic WEC system performance assessment framework. This comprises a WEC engineering analysis and a wavefarm lifecycle analysis. Both are presented in content and structure. Six core sub-models of the wavefarm lifecycle analysis are described and generic example results are provided. It is shown how the WEC system performance assessment framework provides a solid foundation for imple...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3552/
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Variability and evolution in model-based engineering of embedded systems
(2011)
Botterweck, Goetz; Polzer, Andreas; Kowalewski, Stefan
Variability and evolution in model-based engineering of embedded systems
(2011)
Botterweck, Goetz; Polzer, Andreas; Kowalewski, Stefan
Abstract:
In this paper, we report on techniques for variability and evolution in Model-based Engineering of Embedded Systems. The techniques are based on an integration of domain-specific languages for embedded systems with model-driven techniques for Software Product Lines. In particular, we discuss (1) product configuration with interactive tools, (2) product derivation with model transformations, and (3) first steps towards feature-oriented evolution planning.
SFI
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/662
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On searching relevant studies in software engineering
(2011)
Zhang, He; Ali Babar, Muhammad
On searching relevant studies in software engineering
(2011)
Zhang, He; Ali Babar, Muhammad
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has become an important research methodology in software engineering since 2004. One critical step in applying this methodology is to design and execute appropriate and effective search strategy. This is quite time consuming and error-prone step, which needs to be carefully planned and implemented. There is an apparent need of a systematic approach to designing, executing, and evaluating a suitable search strategy for optimally retrieving the target literature from digital libraries. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the research reported in this paper is to improve the search step of doing SLRs in SE by devising and evaluating systematic and practical approaches to identifying relevant studies in SE. OUTCOMES: We have systematically selected and analytically studied a large number of papers to understand the state-of-the-practice of search strategies in EBSE. Having identified the limitations of the current ad-hoc nature of search strat...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/730
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Engineering carbon chains from mechanically stretched graphene-based materials
(2011)
POPOV, IGOR
Engineering carbon chains from mechanically stretched graphene-based materials
(2011)
POPOV, IGOR
Abstract:
The electrical response of graphene-based materials can be tailored under mechanical stress. We report different switching behaviors that take place in mechanically deformed graphene nanoribbons prior to the breakage of the junction. By performing tight-binding molecular dynamics, the study of structural changes of graphene nanoribbons with different widths is achieved, revealing that carbon chains are the ultimate bridges before the junction breaks. The electronic and transport calculations show that binary on/off states can be switched prior to and during breakage depending on the atomic details of the nanoribbon. This work supports the interpretation of recent experiments on nonvolatile memory element engineering based on graphene break junctions.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/50744
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What we can't learn from nature
(2011)
TAYLOR, DAVID
What we can't learn from nature
(2011)
TAYLOR, DAVID
Abstract:
When attempting to design bio-inspired materials and structures, it is important to remember that Nature employs some strategies for optimising the use of load-bearing materials which we, as engineers, cannot replicate. A material in a biological structure, such as a bone or plant stem, experiences stresses which are higher than would be allowed in an engineering structure, even if we were using exactly the same material. There are several reasons for this: biological materials are subject to continuous inspection and repair; they are constructed in more optimal ways, especially in respect to fibre orientations, and they are allowed to operate at higher failure rates. In the present paper I discuss four particular examples of Nature's strategies and, in each case, I try to quantify their effect for the case of cortical bone. The overall conclusion is that, thanks to these four little tricks, Nature is able to operate bone at a stress which is about 17 times greater than the str...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/53333
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Developing Overall Equipment Effectiveness Metrics for Prototype Precision Manufacturing
(2011)
Michael, O'Neill
Developing Overall Equipment Effectiveness Metrics for Prototype Precision Manufacturing
(2011)
Michael, O'Neill
Abstract:
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a powerful metric of manufacturing performance incorporating measures of the utilisation, yield and efficiency of a given process, machine or manufacturing line. When associated with the reasons for performance loss, OEE provides the means to compare and prioritise improvement efforts. This research assesses the current systems used in the high-volume production lines of Company-X, a precision manufacturer of computer components. This assessment led to the design of a singular methodology that functions in a high-volume production environment, in the rapid prototyping production, and the program qualification production divisions of Company-X. The methodology defined indicators (Utilisation, Efficiency and Yield), and factors that must be recorded on an individual piece of equipment within a manufacturing line to determine its OEE. These equipment-level records were captured utilising the equipment’s computer-controller, supplemented by ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16119/
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The Development and Optimisation of a Low Cost Optical Chemical Sensing Platform
(2011)
Orpen, Dylan
The Development and Optimisation of a Low Cost Optical Chemical Sensing Platform
(2011)
Orpen, Dylan
Abstract:
With recent improvements in wireless sensor network hardware it is logical there should be a concurrent push to develop the sensors that are compatible in terms of price and performance. Wireless sensor networks are made up of a multitude of low power sensing nodes and are typically deployed in a scatter web configuration. A key concept is that the nodes are so low cost and are spread so densely, that the failure of any one node will not be a cause for great concern. The sensed data collected from wireless sensing networks have advantages over other traditional sensing methods. For example, the accuracy of any one particular node is not critical to the system; however, there must be reproducibility in the data from one node relative to the next. Therefore, when data is compared from multiple nodes one can deduce if the signal is increasing or decreasing and, hence, develop a directional sense to the response. This is something that cannot be achieved using traditional single point g...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16088/
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Evaluating "Independent" Assessment of Capstone Projects by Mechanical Engineering Students in DIT
(2011)
Delaney, Kevin
Evaluating "Independent" Assessment of Capstone Projects by Mechanical Engineering Students in DIT
(2011)
Delaney, Kevin
Abstract:
<p>A review has recently been conducted to evaluate the process from the perspective of both students and staff with a view to determining whether or not this structure should be continued with. This paper documents the rationale behind the concept, the logistical challenges, and an analysis of the feedback received from both students and staff as part of the review. In addition, future plans to improve the fairness, consistency and transparency of the assessment process for such projects are outlined.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/engschmeccon/42
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Thermal spray of a drug delivery system onto femoral orthopaedic implant
(2011)
Chebbi, Ahmed
Thermal spray of a drug delivery system onto femoral orthopaedic implant
(2011)
Chebbi, Ahmed
Abstract:
Hydroxyapatite bioceramics are proven to be good materials for bone replacement and repair applications, due to their similarity in chemical composition to bone. Plasma spraying has been commonly used to apply hydroxyapatite coatings onto metallic implants for use in orthopaedic surgeries. The addition of HA coatings was successful in improving the performance of titanium implants. However, this type of implant has shown some limitations with regards to mechanical (implant loosening) and biological (infections) behaviour. It is thought that local drug delivery would be useful to prevent implant failures that could be treated with therapeutic agents (drug/growth factor). It is hypothesised in this work that polymers proven in drug delivery for other applications could be successfully applied to implants using existing technology in the sector. This research aims to introduce biodegradable materials (polymers) to the existing HA-titanium combination and to bare titanium implants in or...
http://doras.dcu.ie/16638/
Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 422 on page 1 of 17
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