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'engineering' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 126 - 150 of 7723 on page 6 of 309
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Visualising feasible operating ranges within tissue engineering systems using a "windows of operation" approach: A perfusion-scaffold bioreactor case study.
(2012)
McCoy, Ryan J; O'Brien, Fergal J
Visualising feasible operating ranges within tissue engineering systems using a "windows of operation" approach: A perfusion-scaffold bioreactor case study.
(2012)
McCoy, Ryan J; O'Brien, Fergal J
Abstract:
<p>This article is also available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com</a></p>
<p>Tissue engineering approaches to developing functional substitutes are often highly complex, multivariate systems where many aspects of the biomaterials, bio-regulatory factors or cell sources may be controlled in an effort to enhance tissue formation. Furthermore, success is based on multiple performance criteria reflecting both the quantity and quality of the tissue produced. Managing the trade-offs between different performance criteria is a challenge. A "windows of operation" tool that graphically represents feasible operating spaces to achieve user-defined levels of performance has previously been described by researchers in the bio-processing industry. This paper demonstrates the value of "windows of operation" to the tissue engineering field using a perfusion-scaffold bioreactor system as a c...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/anatart/52
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Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering
(2011)
O'Brien, Fergal J
Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering
(2011)
O'Brien, Fergal J
Abstract:
<p>NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Materials Today. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Materials Today, 14, 3, (March 2011). http://www.materialstoday.com/</p>
<p>Every day thousands of surgical procedures are performed to replace or repair tissue that has been damaged through disease or trauma. The developing field of tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate damaged tissues by combining cells from the body with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which act as templates for tissue regeneration, to guide the growth of new tissue. This article describes the functional requirements, and types, of materials used in developing state...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/anatart/38
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Analysis of osteogenesis on a novel collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffold- in vitro application for bone tissue engineering
(2010)
Keogh, Michael
Analysis of osteogenesis on a novel collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffold- in vitro application for bone tissue engineering
(2010)
Keogh, Michael
Abstract:
<p>Currently, there exists a need to develop new bone graft substitutes as an alternative to conventional autografting and allografting treatments due to disadvantages such as cost, scarcity of tissue, multiple surgical procedures and the risk of infection. Tissue engineering provides an alternative solution and relies extensively on the use of porous scaffolds to provide the appropriate environment for the regeneration of tissues and organs. These scaffolds are typically seeded with cells and occasionally growth factors or subjected to biophysical stimuli in the form of a bioreactor and are either cultured <em>in vitro </em>to synthesise tissues which can then be implanted into an injured site or are implanted directly into the injured site and through the body's own systems, regeneration of tissues or organs is induced <em>in vivo. </em>In our laboratory, we use a type 1 collagen glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold for tissue engineering applications...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/phdtheses/30
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A Novel Smart Device Student Response System For Supporting High Quality Active Learning In The Engineering And Science Disciplines
(2015)
McLoone, Seamus; Villing, Rudi; O'Keeffe, Simon
A Novel Smart Device Student Response System For Supporting High Quality Active Learning In The Engineering And Science Disciplines
(2015)
McLoone, Seamus; Villing, Rudi; O'Keeffe, Simon
Abstract:
This paper proposes and presents a unique smart device student response system (SDSRS) that allows for a more flexible input than existing classroom response systems, such as clickers. This, in turn, allows students to respond to the lecturer with higher quality and more relevant information and, thus, improves their active learning. This is of particular relevance in the science and engineering disciplines where methodology is as important, if not more so, than the final answer. The SDSRS allows the lecturer to quickly obtain this pertinent information in real-time within the classroom environment. The proposed system consists of three main elements, namely a student sketch application, a lecturer view-and-edit application and a central cloud-based service to co-ordinate the exchange of information between the two applications. The system was evaluated within two different engineering classrooms, with very positive feedback obtained from both the lecturers and students involved. De...
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6334/
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Factors Which Influence The Academic Performance Of Level 7 Engineering Students
(2015)
McCool, Rauri; Kelly, Sinead; Maguire, Moira; Clarke, Dermot; Loughran, Damian
Factors Which Influence The Academic Performance Of Level 7 Engineering Students
(2015)
McCool, Rauri; Kelly, Sinead; Maguire, Moira; Clarke, Dermot; Loughran, Damian
Abstract:
High module failure rates can lead to poor student retention and a need exists for improved understanding of the determinants to academic performance. This research examines the influence of a number of factors on academic performance among Level 7 Engineering students in Dundalk Institute of Technology over a four year period. Using statistical regression techniques age-group, attendance, marks available for continuous assessment, class-size, semester of study and year of study were investigated. Statistical evaluations based on a sample set of 1263 identified that mature students, students with positive levels of attendance and modules with high levels of continuous assessment marks appear to result in better performance. It is envisaged that this work will contribute significant data to the limited knowledge base in this area especially in terms of engineering education. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that continuous assessment activities, which take place...
http://eprints.dkit.ie/481/
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An Infrastructure to Support Interoperability in Reverse Engineering
(2007)
Kraft, Nicholas A.; Malloy, Brian A.; Power, James F.
An Infrastructure to Support Interoperability in Reverse Engineering
(2007)
Kraft, Nicholas A.; Malloy, Brian A.; Power, James F.
Abstract:
An infrastructure is a set of interconnected structural elements, such as tools and schemas, that provide a framework for supporting an entire structure. The reverse engineering community has recognized the importance of interoperability, the cooporation of two or more systems to enable the exchange and utilization of data, and has noted that the current lack of interoperability is a contributing factor to the lack of adoption of available infrastructures. To address the problems of interoperability and reproducing previous results, we present an infrastructure that supports interoperability among reverse engineering tools and applications. We present the design of our infrastructure, including the hierarchy of schemas that captures the interactions among graph structures. We also develop and utilize our implementation, which is designed using a GXL-based pipe-filter architecture, to perform a case study that demonstrates the feasibility of our infrastructure.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6402/
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Toward an Infrastructure to Support Interoperability in Reverse Engineering
(2005)
Kraft, Nicholas A.; Malloy, Brian A.; Power, James F.
Toward an Infrastructure to Support Interoperability in Reverse Engineering
(2005)
Kraft, Nicholas A.; Malloy, Brian A.; Power, James F.
Abstract:
In this paper we present an infrastructure that supports interoperability among various reverse engineering tools and applications. We include an Application Programmer’s Interface that permits extraction of information about declarations, including classes, functions and variables, as well as information about scopes, types and control statements in C++ applications. We also present a hierarchy of canonical schemas that capture minimal functionality for middle-level graph structures. This hierarchy facilitates an unbiased comparison of results for different tools that implement the same or a similar schema. We have a repository, hosted by SourceForge.net, where we have placed the artifacts of our infrastructure.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6408/
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Mapping the Global Dimension within teaching and learning
(2014)
Byrne, Edmond P.
Mapping the Global Dimension within teaching and learning
(2014)
Byrne, Edmond P.
Abstract:
This chapter attempts to map the Global Dimension of engineering within the academic setting and hence provide some pointers as to how academics can incorporate Global Dimension perspectives and capacities into engineering programmes. It takes its cue (both in terms of defining the Global Dimension and in framing the problem of Global Dimension incorporation) from the Engineers Against Poverty publication "The Global Engineer: Incorporating global skills within UK higher education of engineers" (Bourne and Neal, 2008), and proceeds to propose some possible interventions. For this reason, this chapter should be read in conjunction with the above mentioned publication, which is available online.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2483
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Situating requirements engineering methods within design science research
(2016)
Akhigbe, Okhaide; Lessard, Lysanne
Situating requirements engineering methods within design science research
(2016)
Akhigbe, Okhaide; Lessard, Lysanne
Abstract:
Design Science Research Methodologies (DSRM) are increasingly used to guide research in fields beyond Information Systems, in particular those of Requirements Engineering and Software Engineering (RE/SE). While a number of DSR methodologies have been developed by scholars in the RE/SE fields, there remains a certain level of confusion about the way in which the aim and scope of DSRM and those of methods typically used in RE/SE differ. This issue can be observed in graduate students' work as well as in published literature. In particular, the difference be-tween the research orientation of DSRM and the solution orientation of RE/SE methods can be difficult to navigate. We propose to address this challenge by situating three RE/SE methodologies proposed in published literature within one common DSRM; doing so clarifies the scope of these methodologies and highlights ways in which the knowledge contributions of their results could be further enhanced. This effort is a first step t...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2564
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Human Factors Engineering in System Design: A Roadmap for Improvement
(2015)
LEVA, CHIARA
Human Factors Engineering in System Design: A Roadmap for Improvement
(2015)
LEVA, CHIARA
Abstract:
This paper summarises current industrial practices and standards promoting Human Factors Engineering (HFE) at design stage and revise them with an action research approached based on the concrete case studies performed during a European project called TOSCA. The paper highlights how HFE can significantly impact the costs and risk associated with a plant lifecycle and the current gaps and issues encountered. The gaps identified are used to guide industrial practices and standards towards a more valuable inclusion of Human Factors knowledge in structured system design processes to support human performance and reduce the potential for human errors in operations and maintenance.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/76899
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Tissue engineering whole bones through endochondral ossification: Regenerating the distal phalanx
(2015)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL
Tissue engineering whole bones through endochondral ossification: Regenerating the distal phalanx
(2015)
BUCKLEY, CONOR; KELLY, DANIEL
Abstract:
Novel strategies are urgently required to facilitate regeneration of entire bones lost due to trauma or disease. In this study, we present a novel framework for the regeneration of whole bones by tissue engineering anatomically shaped hypertrophic cartilaginous grafts in vitro that subsequently drive endochondral bone formation in vivo. To realize this, we first fabricated molds from digitized images to generate mesenchymal stem cell-laden alginate hydrogels in the shape of different bones (the temporomandibular joint [TMJ] condyle and the distal phalanx). These constructs could be stimulated in vitro to generate anatomically shaped hypertrophic cartilaginous tissues that had begun to calcify around their periphery. Constructs were then formed into the shape of the distal phalanx to create the hypertrophic precursor of the osseous component of an engineered long bone. A layer of cartilage engineered through self-assembly of chondrocytes served as the articular surface of these const...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/77351
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Case study of the Home Energy Saving Scheme : a multidisciplinary approach
(2014)
Byrne, Amiee Jennifer
Case study of the Home Energy Saving Scheme : a multidisciplinary approach
(2014)
Byrne, Amiee Jennifer
Abstract:
THESIS 10709
The EU has set itself the objective of achieving 20% primary energy savings by 2020. Because of the relatively recent move towards sustainability, there is a limited understanding of how effective related policies and actions have been. This in turn stymies the development and impact of such policies. To this end, this thesis examines the case study of the Irish government's national grant scheme to encourage energy efficiency retrofit in private housing. That is the Home Energy Saving (HES) Scheme, later rebranded the Better Energy; Homes (BEH) scheme. The methodology design draws from the disciplines of structural engineering, thermal engineering and human geography.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/79504
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Software process improvement in industry in a graduate software engineering curriculum
(2016)
Laporte, Claude; O'Connor, Rory
Software process improvement in industry in a graduate software engineering curriculum
(2016)
Laporte, Claude; O'Connor, Rory
Abstract:
Software process improvement (SPI) is considered one of the most important fields in the software engineering discipline. But despite its importance, increasing its coverage in educational settings is still challenging. By influencing the syllabus for university-level graduate and undergraduate courses to include quality and process improvement, the future professionals, on entering the various industries, could act as ambassadors for process improvement. This article deals with one such example at the École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), where SPI is taught in lecture format and with a 10-week implementation project in organizations by teams of students from the graduate software engineering curriculum. The SPI course is taught using a “problem-goal-solution” approach where students learn that any process improvement initiative must be based on issues preventing an organization from achieving its organizational goals whether the organization is a company or a not-for-profit organ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/21428/
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Tissue engineering scaled-up anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing
(2014)
Mesallati, Tariq
Tissue engineering scaled-up anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs for joint resurfacing
(2014)
Mesallati, Tariq
Abstract:
THESIS 10426
Partial and total joint replacements are the only surgical procedures currently available to treat articular cartilage degeneration associated with degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). While these procedures are well established, they are not without limitations and failures are not uncommon. Joint replacement prostheses also have a finite lifespan making them unsuitable for the growing population of younger and more active patients requiring treatment for OA. In recent years there has been increased interest in the use of cell and tissue engineering based therapies for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. These therapies aim to regenerate or replace damaged tissues through a combination of cells, three-dimensional scaffolds and signalling molecules. While significant progress has been made in this field, realizing an efficacious therapeutic option for the treatment of OA remains elusive and is considered to be one of the greatest challenges in th...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/80349
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Developments in global software engineering education
(2016)
Clear, Tony; Beecham, Sarah; Barr, John; Daniels, Mats; Oudshoorn, Michael; Noll, John
Developments in global software engineering education
(2016)
Clear, Tony; Beecham, Sarah; Barr, John; Daniels, Mats; Oudshoorn, Michael; Noll, John
Abstract:
An ITiCSE 2015 conference working group report has recently delivered a comprehensive systematic review of the literature addressing the challenges and solutions in teaching global software engineering courses. In this panel session, a group of authors of that report will review the findings, and present their own views on teaching such courses, the pros and cons and their own motivations and experiences, together with strategies that have proven effective. We argue that these courses are critical for preparing students for practice as software engineers in today's global settings, but they are certainly not for the faint-hearted. After the review and presentation of position statements by panelists there will be a question and answer session with the audience and a discussion elaborating on the next frontiers in research and practice for global software engineering education.
ACCEPTED
peer-reviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/6009
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Continuous software engineering – a microservices architecture perspective
(2017)
O'Connor, Rory; Elger, Peter; Clarke, Paul
Continuous software engineering – a microservices architecture perspective
(2017)
O'Connor, Rory; Elger, Peter; Clarke, Paul
Abstract:
From its earliest days, software development has been beset with challenges in relation to timely delivery, appropriateness of features and quality of deliverables. Many advances in software development processes have helped to address these concerns. For example, agile software development has helped to deliver working software more frequently and capability maturity frameworks have brought about improved consistency in quality levels. However, the age-old challenge of better, cheaper, faster software has continued to beguile developers. In this paper, we discuss an emerging approach to software development, continuous software engineering (CSE), wherein software of operational quality may be delivered on a very frequent basis, up to many times in a given day. This approach employs a complex set of independent tools that together reduce the lead time in delivering commercial-grade software. Having examined the situational context of one industrial organisation applying CSE, we conc...
http://doras.dcu.ie/22111/
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Software and systems engineering lifecycle processes and the ISO/IEC 29110 standards and guides
(2017)
O'Connor, Rory; Laporte, Claude; Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo
Software and systems engineering lifecycle processes and the ISO/IEC 29110 standards and guides
(2017)
O'Connor, Rory; Laporte, Claude; Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo
Abstract:
This special issue was motivated by the need to promote and disseminate recent advances in the field of Software and Systems Engineering Process Lifecycle Management as applied to Very Small Entities utilizing the Management and Engineering guides of the ISO/IEC 291110 standard, both at academic and industry level. Very Small Entities (VSEs) are enterprises, organizations (e.g. public or non-profit), departments or projects having up to 25 people.
http://doras.dcu.ie/21702/
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3D Bioprinting of Developmentally Inspired Templates for Bone and Joint Regeneration
(2018)
3D Bioprinting of Developmentally Inspired Templates for Bone and Joint Regeneration
(2018)
Abstract:
There is an urgent need to develop alternatives to synthetic joint prosthesis to promote the regeneration of diseased osteoarthritic joints. Cell based therapies have shown promise for repairing cartilage and bone; however, existing approaches are designed to repair small focal defects, and are not suitable for treating large injuries or for regenerating osteoarthritic joints. The objective of this thesis was to bioprint cell laden constructs capable of recapitulating key aspects of limb development as implants for large bone defect healing and joint regeneration. To this end, a novel biofabrication strategy for engineering whole bone organs was first developed by bioprinting hypertrophic cartilage templates with the capacity to undergo endochondral ossification following implantation in vivo. These soft cartilaginous templates could be mechanically reinforced with a network of co-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers, resulting in a dramatic increase in construct compressive ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82727
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A review of structural failures in Ireland
(2018)
DUCKENFIELD, IAN JAMES
A review of structural failures in Ireland
(2018)
DUCKENFIELD, IAN JAMES
Abstract:
Many technical papers have been written and presented to the structural engineering community in Ireland giving details of major projects successfully completed. These projects are on time and under budget. Far more interesting to practising engineers are the cases where things go wrong, and in some cases very badly wrong. Unfortunately the lessons learnt in such cases are hidden from view. No engineer wants to admit that he made an error which now, with the benefit of hindsight, is obvious. The risks of structural failures are extremely low, especially when compared to activities such as car driving and smoking. Nevertheless lives have been lost and life-altering injuries sustained by structural collapses in Ireland. The author has over 40 years of structural design experience and has been collecting examples of failures and near misses. This includes cases where the author acted as an expert witness relating to failures. As part of the research work for the thesis, a number of...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82871
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Modulating mechanical cues and oxygen availability to regulate chondrogenesis within MSC laden hydrogels
(2017)
Irvine, Alan D.
Modulating mechanical cues and oxygen availability to regulate chondrogenesis within MSC laden hydrogels
(2017)
Irvine, Alan D.
Abstract:
THESIS 11580
Tissue engineering is a potential alternative to conventional surgical techniques for regenerating damaged tissues that lack the ability to spontaneously repair. MSCs are a promising cell source for tissue engineering strategies intended to treat a range of injuries and diseases. Within the synovial joint environment, a complex array of biochemical, environmental and biomechanical stimuli arise. If MSCs are to be successfully used in vivo, understanding the effects on their differentiation and function in response to these stimuli is vital. A central hypothesis of this thesis is that oxygen availability and mechanical stimulation can direct chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy of MSCs. This thesis examines the response of MSC-laden hydrogels to oxygen availability, substrate stiffness and dynamic compressive strain. The overall objective is to develop the precursor to an osteochondral graft by mechanically modulating chondrogenesis and hypertrophy of MSCs wi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85222
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The Evaluation of Star-Shaped Polypeptides for Gene Delivery in Tissue Engineering
(2018)
Walsh, David
The Evaluation of Star-Shaped Polypeptides for Gene Delivery in Tissue Engineering
(2018)
Walsh, David
Abstract:
<p>The field of tissue engineering (TE) is increasingly using biomaterial scaffolds which are augmented with therapeutics to facilitate enhanced tissue regeneration. The formation of a “gene activated” scaffold, an advanced construct containing gene therapeutics within a 3D scaffold is recognised as a safe method to provide improved spatiotemporal control of growth factor release at a defect site via the <em>in-situ </em>transfection of host cells. However, a versatile and biocompatible gene delivery vector which is capable of functionalising 3D scaffolds for the efficient <em>in vivo </em>delivery of nucleic acids is currently lacking. The primary objective of this thesis was to create a next generation gene activated scaffold which could be applied to multiple TE applications via the incorporation of innovative, bio-inspired gene delivery vectors in the form of star-shaped poly(L-lysine) polypeptides (star-PLLs).</p> <p>Herein, we systemat...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/phdtheses/246
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Production of hard tissue scaffolds using three-dimensional printing method
(2009)
Szűcs, Tamás D.
Production of hard tissue scaffolds using three-dimensional printing method
(2009)
Szűcs, Tamás D.
Abstract:
Synthesised bone replacement scaffolds provide the possibility to individually tailor properties, overcome limited donor availability and improve osteointegration. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to provide solutions to these problems by making available high quality transplants that can be supplied in larger quantities. In these applications both the internal and external geometry of the scaffold are very important since they have significant effect on mechanical properties, permeability and cell proliferation. Rapid Prototyping technologies allow the use of customised materials with predetermined and optimised geometries to be fabricated with good accuracy. This work investigates the ability of the 3D printing technology to manufacture intricate bone scaffold geometries from biocompatible calcium phosphate based materials. Initial investigations with the proprietary materials showed that predicted directional mechanical behaviour can be realised. Practical measurements inves...
http://doras.dcu.ie/2373/
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On searching relevant studies in software engineering
(2010)
Zhang, He; Ali Babar, Muhammad
On searching relevant studies in software engineering
(2010)
Zhang, He; Ali Babar, Muhammad
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has become an important research methodology in software engineering since 2004. One critical step in applying this methodology is to design and execute appropriate and effective search strategy. This is quite time consuming and error-prone step, which needs to be carefully planned and implemented. There is an apparent need of a systematic approach to designing, executing, and evaluating a suitable search strategy for optimally retrieving the target literature from digital libraries. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the research reported in this paper is to improve the search step of doing SLRs in SE by devising and evaluating systematic and practical approaches to identifying relevant studies in SE. OUTCOMES: We have systematically selected and analytically studied a large number of papers to understand the state-of-the-practice of search strategies in EBSE. Having identified the limitations of the current ad-hoc nature of search strat...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/730
Marked
Mark
Chemical engineering in an unsustainable world: obligations and opportunities
(2009)
Byrne, Edmond P.; Fitzpatrick, John J.
Chemical engineering in an unsustainable world: obligations and opportunities
(2009)
Byrne, Edmond P.; Fitzpatrick, John J.
Abstract:
Human society faces a set of unprecedented challenges emanating from the unsustainable nature of the current societal model. The creation of a new sustainable societal construct is required, essentially adopting a needs based approach over one based on ever increasing consumption. Failure to achieve this will result in the widespread destruction of our increasingly stressed environment followed quickly by inevitable collapse of society as we know it, both socially and economically. Technology alone is insufficient to meet the challenges at hand; ecological, social and economic considerations must be incorporated through a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach. Because chemical engineers possess a core set of threshold concepts which are central to a sustainable society, and because engineers will ultimately help design any new society, they bear a moral and ethical responsibility to play an active and indeed central role in its development. A new engineering paradigm is req...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/344
Marked
Mark
Multi-grounded action research in method engineering: the MMC case
(2007)
Karlsson, Fredrik; Agerfalk, Par J.
Multi-grounded action research in method engineering: the MMC case
(2007)
Karlsson, Fredrik; Agerfalk, Par J.
Abstract:
There appears to be two schools of information systems development methods research that largely pursue their own agendas without many cross-references, On the one hand there is the method engineering research and on the other hand there is the method-in-action research, There seems to be much to be gained from integrating these two schools, developing knowledge that both has the formality (rigor) and reflects its enactment in practice, To achieve this, the research approach adopted has to embrace this duality, In this paper we explore how multi-grounded action research (MGAR) can contribute to achieving this aim, MGAR has been used in the development of a method for method configuration, a research product that integrates the strengths of both schools.
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2286
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