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Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 3063 on page 10 of 123
Marked
Mark
Populism and the 'Pathologies of rational choice theory'
(2010)
Cannon, Barry
Populism and the 'Pathologies of rational choice theory'
(2010)
Cannon, Barry
Abstract:
This paper questions the orthodox institutionalist perspective and its reliance on rational choice theory in the literature on Latin American populism. Examining two articles on populism by Kurt Weyland and Kenneth M. Roberts, it argues that this dependence on rational choice theory promotes an overemphasis on elite leadership to the detriment of ideology and popular agency. Using a Marxist perspective, based on Laclau (2005) and using two case studies, President Fujimori of Peru (1990-2001) and President Chávez of Venezuela (1999-present), this paper argues that movements articulated with neoliberalism have much lower levels of popular involvement, while those influenced by socialism have a greater balance between populist leadership and bases, hence proving that ideology does have a determining impact on populist formations.
http://doras.dcu.ie/15103/
Marked
Mark
Time to travel in search of the political market
(2010)
McMenamin, Iain
Time to travel in search of the political market
(2010)
McMenamin, Iain
Abstract:
The central tension in capitalist democracy comes from the clash between votes and money. This conflict is at its most direct when money is seen to influence public policy at the expense of voters. According to the theory of the political market, political contributions by business are investments in favourable policy outcomes. The question of whether there is a political market has been one of the most enduring sources of controversy in the history of capitalist democracy across the globe. Moreover, business payments to politicians have been studied intensively by one influential group of political scientists: the specialists on the United States. Unfortunately, this subject has not presented an opportunity for political science to make an important contribution to the debate on a matter of enormous public concern. These political scientists have a very plausible theory but have not been able muster much direct support for the theory. They need a new theory or new evidence. ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15102/
Marked
Mark
If money talks, what does it say? Business financing of parties in Australia, Canada and Germany
(2010)
McMenamin, Iain
If money talks, what does it say? Business financing of parties in Australia, Canada and Germany
(2010)
McMenamin, Iain
Abstract:
This article is the first cross-national study of firm behaviour in political finance. It infers motivation by relating the strategies of 960 firms to variations in political competition in three countries over periods of between seven and seventeen years. Pragmatic contributions are a reaction to the policy risk created by majoritarian institutions, while ideological payments reflect party system polarisation. In centrist majoritarian Canada, pragmatism dominated business financing of parties. In consensual, traditionally ideological Germany, a small number of ideologically motivated firms choose to express their preference for the right. In Australia, with its intermediate institutional and polarisation positions, both motivations are present. The Australian combination of a substantial contribution rate and ideological bias gives a substantial advantage to the right. In both Australia and Canada, the logic of pragmatism suggests that public policy has been fragmented and d...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15100/
Marked
Mark
Statistically-constrained shallow text marking: techniques, evaluation paradigm and results
(2007)
VOGEL, CARL
Statistically-constrained shallow text marking: techniques, evaluation paradigm and results
(2007)
VOGEL, CARL
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
We present three natural language marking strategies based on fast and reliable shallow parsing techniques, and on widely available lexical resources: lexical substitution, adjective conjunction swaps, and relativiser switching. We test these techniques on a random sample of the British National Corpus. Individual candidate marks are checked for goodness of structural and semantic fit, using both lexical resources, and the web as a corpus. A representative sample of marks is given to 25 human judges to evaluate for acceptability and preservation of meaning. This establishes a correlation between corpus based felicity measures and perceived quality, and makes qualified predictions. Grammatical acceptability correlates with our automatic measure strongly (Pearson’s r = 0.795, p = 0.001), allowing us to account for about two thirds of variability in human judgements. A moderate but statistically insignificant (Pearson’s r = 0.422, p = 0.356) correlation is found with ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/32209
Marked
Mark
Enabling dynamic spectrum access using SS-MC-CDMA
(2007)
DOYLE, LINDA; NOLAN, KEITH EDWARD; SARATH, DEEPAK; SUTTON, PAUL DAVID
Enabling dynamic spectrum access using SS-MC-CDMA
(2007)
DOYLE, LINDA; NOLAN, KEITH EDWARD; SARATH, DEEPAK; SUTTON, PAUL DAVID
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
The demand for frequency spectrum and diversity of wireless devices accessing this spectrum depends upon the time of day, the characteristics of a frequency band, and the geographical location of the observer/wireless device. This paper highlights the value of employing a novel dynamic spectrum access technology using a highly reconfigurable spectrum access scheme with excellent frequency diversity properties. We name this robust scheme selective subcarrier multi-carrier code division multiple access (SS-MC-CDMA). This paper contains three main contributions. Firstly, the reconfigurability options in a physical layer (PHY) using MC-CDMA and the flexibility in system design of a cognitive radio are presented. Secondly, an application of the novel SS-MC-CDMA system in a dynamic spectrum access (DSA) scenario is developed in order to indicate the value and potential of this system. Finally, based on this scenario, we present some initial key results from both simulati...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/29823
Marked
Mark
On-demand trust evaluation
(2006)
COGHLAN, BRIAN ARTHUR; O'CALLAGHAN, DAVID
On-demand trust evaluation
(2006)
COGHLAN, BRIAN ARTHUR; O'CALLAGHAN, DAVID
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Security is a critical factor in interoperability of grid middleware. There is an opportunity to automate the trust evaluation and accreditation process for grid certification authorities to allow continuous evaluation of their policies and practices. To assess the feasibility and usefulness of automatic evaluation of trust in CAs a trust evaluation system has been designed and a prototype implemented. The service will evaluate a CA based on its published policies and observed practices with respect to a set of rules based on the requirements from an authentication profile. Development and testing are ongoing and we hope to deploy a pilot system shortly.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16679
Marked
Mark
An evaluation of aspect-oriented programming for Java-based real-time systems development
(2004)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN
An evaluation of aspect-oriented programming for Java-based real-time systems development
(2004)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN
Abstract:
Some concerns, such as debugging or logging functionality, cannot be captured cleanly, and are often tangled and scattered throughout the code base. These concerns are called crosscutting concerns. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a paradigm that enables developers to capture crosscutting concerns in separate aspect modules. The use of aspects has been shown to improve understandability and maintainability of systems. It has been shown that real-time concerns, such as memory management and thread scheduling, are crosscutting concerns [A. Corsaro et al., (2002), M.Deters et al., (2001), A. Gal et al., (2002)]. However it is unclear whether encapsulating these concerns provides benefits. We were interested in determining whether using AOP to encapsulate real-time crosscutting concerns afforded benefits in system properties such as understandability and maintainability. This paper presents research comparing the system properties of two systems: a real-time sentient traffic simulat...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16483
Marked
Mark
Theme: an approach for aspect-oriented analysis and design
(2004)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN
Theme: an approach for aspect-oriented analysis and design
(2004)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN
Abstract:
Aspects are behaviours that are tangled and scattered across a system. In requirements documentation, aspects manifest themselves as descriptions of behaviours that are intertwined, and woven throughout. Some aspects may be obvious, as specifications of typical crosscutting behaviour. Others may be more subtle, making them hard to identify. In either case, it is difficult to analyse requirements to locate all points in the system where aspects should be applied. These issues lead to problems achieving traceability of aspects throughout the development lifecycle. To identify aspects early in the software lifecycle, and establish sufficient traceability, developers need support for aspect identification and analysis in requirements documentation. To address this, we have devised the Theme approach for viewing the relationships between behaviours in a requirements document, identifying and isolating aspects in the requirements, and modelling those aspects using a design language. This ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16484
Marked
Mark
A gossip protocol to support service discovery with heterogeneous ontologies in MANETs
(2007)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN; CUNNINGHAM, RAYMOND
A gossip protocol to support service discovery with heterogeneous ontologies in MANETs
(2007)
CLARKE, SIOBHAN; CUNNINGHAM, RAYMOND
Abstract:
Service discovery is vital in enabling interoperability of distributed service-based applications. In mobile ad hoc net-works (MANETs), discovery must cope not only with transient communication but also with an environment in which mobile nodes are autonomous and connectivity is opportunistic. The use of syntactic service interfaces in MANETs requires a priori agreement on interface names, limiting node autonomy and the range of provided services. A more flexible discovery mechanism can be provided with the use of ontologies. Since the use of a single ontology to describe all services also requires a priori agreement on a common semantic representation, a more realistic assumption is the use of heterogeneous ontologies. However, this assumption poses many technical challenges by requiring a mechanism to match the different ontologies and make provided services available to all nodes. This paper presents a model to support such semantic service discovery in MANETs. A core part of the...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16490
Marked
Mark
Irish foreign policy in the United Nations and European Union: influence and participation
(2010)
Doyle, John; Connolly, Eileen
Irish foreign policy in the United Nations and European Union: influence and participation
(2010)
Doyle, John; Connolly, Eileen
Abstract:
The United Nations has had a central place in Irish foreign policy from the state’s accession in 1955. Both political discourse and public opinion polls indicate widespread support for the organisation as a source of international legitimacy and as the appropriate forum to make major decisions regarding peace and security; international human rights; and development. The EU has an equally central role in Ireland’s economic and social development in the last three decades, and while there is no significant opposition to EU membership, recent referenda on the EU Treaties of Nice and Lisbon were defeated on the first attempts, highlighting opposition to some aspects of recent EU integration processes. This chapter begins with a brief examination of the first White Paper on foreign policy in the history of the state, published in 1996, as a means of looking at some of the long running context for Irish Foreign policy priorities.1 It then explores Ireland’s recent relationship with the E...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15215/
Marked
Mark
The Use and effectiveness of mediation as a conflict resolution tool
(2010)
Daly, Brenda; Higgins, Noelle
The Use and effectiveness of mediation as a conflict resolution tool
(2010)
Daly, Brenda; Higgins, Noelle
http://doras.dcu.ie/15382/
Marked
Mark
Using parliamentary questions to measure constituency orientation
(2010)
Martin, Shane
Using parliamentary questions to measure constituency orientation
(2010)
Martin, Shane
Abstract:
Individual legislators differ in the degree to which they work to cultivate personal votes. While conventional wisdom declares that the electoral system typically motivates the choice of legislative role, researchers have found difficulty assessing empirically the role-orientation of legislators. This study suggests using content analysis of parliamentary questions as a mechanism to measure variations in personal vote earning strategies. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, and the constituency-orientation of Irish parliamentarians, 123,762 questions tabled by Dáil Deputies between 1997 and 2002 are analysed. While evidence of some orientation toward localism is apparent, the data suggests significant variations in role-orientation within the chamber. Explanations of intra-system variation in personal vote earning effort are hypothesised and tested. Characteristics such as electoral vulnerability, geography, intra-party competition and career only partially explain the va...
http://doras.dcu.ie/15434/
Marked
Mark
Electrophysiological correlates of flicker-induced form hallucinations
(2010)
Twomey, Deirdre; Glennon, Mark; Elliott, Mark
Electrophysiological correlates of flicker-induced form hallucinations
(2010)
Twomey, Deirdre; Glennon, Mark; Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
Form hallucinations can be reliably induced using temporally modulated light within a specific frequency range (15-30Hz). The neural substrates of such states have yet to be established with certainty. Brain activity of 5 ¿high responders¿ was recorded as they completed a visual report paradigm in flickering Ganzfeld (FGF) conditions. Illusory geometric forms were induced via stimulation of the Ganzfeld with rapid and intermittent square-wave light pulses of 3,000 cd/m2 at 15-30Hz. On experiencing a specified target form (point, rectangle, spiral or circle) a left index button press was made to terminate the flicker presentation. A synchronization of activity in the theta (3.5-7Hz) and gamma (30-70Hz) frequency bands reflective of top-down and bottom-up processing respectively may enable the apperception of geometric form.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1457
Marked
Mark
Structural imbalance and aesthetic preference in domestic chicks
(2010)
Mulcahy, Paul; Elliott, Mark
Structural imbalance and aesthetic preference in domestic chicks
(2010)
Mulcahy, Paul; Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
In Arnheim¿s (1954/1974) theory of structural balance, an image is more aesthetically pleasing when it demonstrates balance between multiple internal sources of directed perceptual force. Areas of balance and preferred object positioning are assumed to be near/at centre, and along major structural axes (horizontal, vertical, and diagonals). We studied expediencies in visual processing of structural misalignment in week-old domestic chicks (Gallus gallus), using a conditioning procedure to reinforce chicks for pecking at either an ¿aligned¿ or ¿misaligned¿ image as their training stimulus. Subsequently, a generalization testing phase (using less axially dense stimuli) established whether the chicks would retain their group category, or revert to chance responding. Chicks trained on the misaligned stimuli were more likely to prefer the misaligned test stimuli, while the aligned group reverted to chance responding. Findings are discussed in terms of action-relevant dynamic information ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1453
Marked
Mark
Temporal structure and inner psychophysics: A glimpse of equilibrium?
(2010)
Elliott, Mark
Temporal structure and inner psychophysics: A glimpse of equilibrium?
(2010)
Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
It has been suggested that the synchronization of spatially distributed neural assemblies at fast frequencies in the range 20 - 80 Hz (the ¿gamma¿ band) is instrumental for binding the separate feature-elements of a figure or object. In agreement with this we have shown that reaction times to a display matrix containing a target Kanizsa square (an illusory square consisting of grouping 90° corner junctions) are expedited when the target is preceded at its location by a synchronous priming stimulus. This stimulus comprises four crosses presented simultaneously within a matrix of otherwise asynchronously presented premask crosses, but only if the premask display flickers at key frequencies within the range 27.75 ¿ 67.5 Hz. We have previously argued that this can be partly explained as a function of the return phase of the priming stimulus, suggesting that one of the primary functions of repeated stimulus presentation is the formation of a pattern of anticipatory activity, and it is pr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1449
Marked
Mark
Importing, exporting and productivity in Irish manufacturing
(2009)
McCann, Fergal
Importing, exporting and productivity in Irish manufacturing
(2009)
McCann, Fergal
Abstract:
The impact of international trade on firm productivity is tested by accounting for firms' import as well as export status for a large panel of Irish manufacturing firms. Two-way traders and exporters-only are found to be the most productive firms, with a significant gap between them and importersonly and non-traders. tfp is calculated using a modified version of the Olley and Pakes (1996) estimator, taking account of a four-category trade status. Selection of the most productive firms into exporting or importing is not found in any robust sense. Fixed effcts, as well as Propensity Score Matching with Difference in Differences, are used to calculate productivity improvements from entering into international trade. These improvements are found to be highly contingent on export status, with import status being unimportant. The key finding of the paper is that the gains from trade, for Ireland at least, appear to lie on the export side. Interestingly, quitting trade leads to a mirr...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2620
Marked
Mark
Some effects of negative delays upon the perception of causal relatedness
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
Some effects of negative delays upon the perception of causal relatedness
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
We examined the effects of negative delays on the perception of causality using a variation of the paradigm originated by Michotte (1954) and as an extension to similar work conducted by Kanizsa and Vicario (1968). In our design, on some trials a second Object B started to move prior to collision with the launching Object A Given that contact A B was made we expected reports akin to ¿A launched B¿ following some negative delays. However, rather than obtaining unequivocal measures related to launching, with variations in reportage over the range of negative delays, Experiment 1 revealed a tendency for subjects to adjust their pattern of responses following positive delays as a function of their reportage following negative delays. In fact observers tended to equilibrate their pattern of causality and no causality responses such that the different proportions of responses were symmetrical across negative and positive delays. In Experiment 2, which introduced a further report alternati...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1530
Marked
Mark
From Federations to Global Factories: Assessing the Contribution of the Subsidiary Middle Manager in Today’s MNE
(2010)
O'Brien, Donal; Sharkey Scott, Pamela; Gibbons, Pat
From Federations to Global Factories: Assessing the Contribution of the Subsidiary Middle Manager in Today’s MNE
(2010)
O'Brien, Donal; Sharkey Scott, Pamela; Gibbons, Pat
Abstract:
<p>The evolution of MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) from rigid and hierarchical structures to more distributed authority and autonomy led to the theoretical justification for conceptualising them as a federative rather than unitary organisations (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1990). Fundamental to the Federative MNE is the suggestion that subsidiary units, through their own actions, can modify the power base and influence MNE strategy ‘from below’ (Andersson et al., 2007). Considerable research highlights the potential of subsidiary units for knowledge creation and initiative (Birkinshaw, 1997, Rugman and Verbeke, 2001, Williams, 2009), but to date it has failed to confirm that MNEs actually operate as federations.The research objective in this paper is to access the impact MNE structural developments are having on subsidiary strategy development. The actors and practices that contribute to strategy development at the subsidiary level is already a neglected research area (Dörrenbäche...
http://arrow.dit.ie/buschmanart/14
Marked
Mark
New measures of functional (but not perceptual) continuity in visual grouping
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
New measures of functional (but not perceptual) continuity in visual grouping
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
The benzodiazepine, Lorazepam enhances the efficiency of inhibitory GABA-A synapses in the cortex, which stabilize postsynaptic, excitatory activity by synchronizing their own discharges at around 40 Hz. Lorazepam treatment also affects contour integration processes, suggesting GABAA-mediated synchronization may be of direct influence during visuo-perceptual organization. By adding contours orthogonal (but at varying distances) to the unspecified continuances formed by the collinear arrangement of cross elements that flicker asynchronously but in a regularly arranged 3 x 3 element matrix, we found priming by means of 4 synchronized crosses presented in square arrangement was substantially increased when orthogonal contours were placed directly adjacent to the virtual continuances between the crosses, but only following lorazepam administration. We conclude that GABAA-induced inhibition influences directly the coding of relations between spatially separate visual stimuli related to t...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1558
Marked
Mark
The visual hallucinatory response to flickering polychromatic light.
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
The visual hallucinatory response to flickering polychromatic light.
(2004)
Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
Our understanding of human visual perception generally rests on the assumption that conscious visual states represent, in some qualitative fashion, a complex interaction between spatially structured variations in the ambient optic array and our visual nervous systems. The existence of visual hallucinations in a number of pathologies (e. g. Kolmel, 1984) as well as in experimental contexts (Fechner, 1838; Benham, 1895; Herrmann & Elliott, 2001; Knoll & Kugler, 1959) questions the assumption that what we see in the environment is necessarily determined by spatial structure in the distal stimulus. Here we show that complex colour and form hallucinations are evoked by flickering light and that the type of hallucination varies with flicker frequency flicker phase and the occurrence of other flicker induced hallucinations. This evidence supports theories of consciousness that stress temporal aspects of perceptual processing.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1553
Marked
Mark
Expectancy, not memory determines identical search rates in static and dynamic displays.
(2005)
Elliott, Mark
Expectancy, not memory determines identical search rates in static and dynamic displays.
(2005)
Elliott, Mark
Abstract:
Search rates are often used as a measure of search efficiency. Horowitz & Wolfe employed this measure to compare static and dynamic visual search (Horowitz & Wolfe, 1998). Based on identical search rates, they argued that visual search operates without memory. Subsequently and in contrast a number of other authors have agued that visual search relies upon iconic memory ( Bäcker & Peral, 1999; Peterson, Kramer, Wang, Irwin, & McCarley, 2001; Scheier, Khurana, Itti, & Koch, 1999). In a reanalysis of Horowitz and Wolfe¿s data, Kornbrot found contrary results (Kornbrot, 2004). Search rates only indicate search efficiency and the implications of this may be limited. In this commentary we propose a probability model and point out that factors such as target probability and subjective expectancy may bring about similar results.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1577
Marked
Mark
War Crimes in Israel and Palestine
(2009)
Clonan, Tom
War Crimes in Israel and Palestine
(2009)
Clonan, Tom
Abstract:
Gaza Weapons Use Prior to the January ceasefires, Amnesty International sent a team of independent observers into Gaza in order to investigate allegations of war crimes during the conflict on the part of Hamas and the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF). The Amnesty group were among the first independent observers to gain access to Gaza during the closing stages of the conflict. Their report, which has been seen by Dr. Tom Clonan contains disturbing evidence of the abuse of international law by all parties to the conflict.
http://arrow.dit.ie/aaschmedart/45
Marked
Mark
Failing to Make That Connection: An Analysis of the Web Reservation Facility in the Top 50 International Hotel Chains
(1999)
Horan, Patrick; O'Connor, P
Failing to Make That Connection: An Analysis of the Web Reservation Facility in the Top 50 International Hotel Chains
(1999)
Horan, Patrick; O'Connor, P
Abstract:
Consumers increasingly expect to be able to locate and book suitable hotel accommodation in a single seamless process over the World Wide Web. By assessing the facilities provided by the top 50 worldwide hotel companies, the current level of sophistication of hotel Web reservations facilities is established. Factors such as the provision of search facilities, on-line availability and rate quotations and security are examined. In addition, a comparison is made between the information obtained over the Web and that available through each company’s call centre in an attempt to assess the accuracy and credibility of data obtained through Web reservations sites.
http://arrow.dit.ie/tfschmtcon/14
Marked
Mark
Housing and human rights
(2011)
Kenna, Padraic
Housing and human rights
(2011)
Kenna, Padraic
Abstract:
Housing meets a primary human need and housing rights are now enshrined housing rights within international human rights law, regional and constitutional legal instruments. These rights extend beyond shelter, and encompass adequacy, affordability of housing and security of tenure. Enforcing international housing rights has developed a corpus of jurisprudence, with key concepts of human dignity, minimum core obligations and progressive realization of rights being interpreted in local housing and legal contexts. Today, market and commoditisation approaches dominate the debate on housing shadowing housing rights discourse. Yet, housing rights provide a moral compass for housing law, policy and systems.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1744
Marked
Mark
Can housing rights be applied to modern housing systems?
(2010)
Kenna, Padraic
Can housing rights be applied to modern housing systems?
(2010)
Kenna, Padraic
Abstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline and examine the growing corpus of housing rights and assess their relevance and applicability to complex contemporary housing systems across the world. Design/methodology/approach - The paper sets out the principal instruments and commentaries on housing rights developed by the United Nations, regional and other bodies. It assesses their relevance in the context of contemporary analysis of housing systems, organized and directed by networks of legal and other professionals within particular domains. Findings - Housing rights instruments are accepted by all States across the world at the level of international law, national constitutions and laws. The findings suggest that there are significant gaps in the international law conception and framework of housing rights, and indeed, human rights generally, which create major obstacles for the effective implementation of these rights. There is a preoccupation with one element of housin...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1748
Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 3063 on page 10 of 123
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