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Displaying Results 226 - 250 of 3393 on page 10 of 136
Marked
Mark
Development of a cantilever based device for the investigation of malaria vaccine cross-reactivity
(2015)
Walther, Michael
Development of a cantilever based device for the investigation of malaria vaccine cross-reactivity
(2015)
Walther, Michael
Abstract:
THESIS 10520
The invention of the atomic force microscope and subsequent implementation of cantilevers as transducers for sensing applications laid the foundation for the current use of cantilevers as biosensors. This application involves functionalisation of the surface with a bio-recognition layer, immersion of the sensors in a physiological environment and operation in either the static or the dynamic mode to transduce the biological interaction into a measurable signal. When operated in dynamic mode, the cantilever is actuated at its resonance frequency. Mass uptake on the sensor results in a resonance frequency shift, thereby transforming the cantilever into a sensitive microbalance.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/80542
Marked
Mark
Localised surface plasmon mediated energy transfer in quantum dot systems
(2015)
Zhang, Xia
Localised surface plasmon mediated energy transfer in quantum dot systems
(2015)
Zhang, Xia
Abstract:
THESIS 10599
Nonradiative energy transfer to metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a technique used for optical- based distance measurements which is often implemented in sensing. Both Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) and nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) mechanisms have been proposed for emission quenching in proximity to metal NPs. Here quenching of emission of colloidal quantum dots (QD) in proximity to a monolayer of gold NPs is investigated. Five differently sized CdTe QDs are used to probe the wavelength dependence of the quenching mechanism as their emission peak moves from on resonance to off resonance with respect to the localized surface plasmon (LSP) peak of the Au NP layer.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/80552
Marked
Mark
Silicon-based resonant-cavity-enchanced photodiode with a buried SiO2 reflector
(1999)
Sinnis, Vasileios S.; Seto, M.; 't Hooft, G. W.; Watabe, Y.; Morrison, Alan P.; Ho...
Silicon-based resonant-cavity-enchanced photodiode with a buried SiO2 reflector
(1999)
Sinnis, Vasileios S.; Seto, M.; 't Hooft, G. W.; Watabe, Y.; Morrison, Alan P.; Hoekstra, W.; de Boer, W. B.
Abstract:
We report on a silicon-based resonant cavity photodiode with a buried silicon dioxide layer as the bottom reflector. The buried oxide is created by using a separation by implantation of oxygen technique. The device shows large Fabry-Perot oscillations. Resonant peaks and antiresonant troughs are observed as a function of the wavelength, with a peak responsivity of about 50 mA/W at 650 and 709 nm. The leakage current density is 85 pA/mm(2) at -5 V, and the average zero-bias capacitance is 12 pF/mm(2). We also demonstrate that the buried oxide prevents carriers generated deep within the substrate from reaching the top contacts, thus removing any slow carrier diffusion tail from the impulse response. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. (DOI: 10.1063/1.123499).
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4410
Marked
Mark
Photons in restricted topologies
(2016)
Ballantine, Kyle
Photons in restricted topologies
(2016)
Ballantine, Kyle
Abstract:
THESIS 10965
In this work we discuss three different aspects of the topological classification of propagating beams of light. This topological classification relies on global properties of the light beam, which are insensitive to local disorder or perturbations. However, topological invariants calculated for scalar fields may not fully describe a beam of light, which consists of a vector field which points in a particular direction at a given time. We consider the extension of the topological classification of light beams to cases where the polarisation is allowed to vary. When the phase of a scalar electric field varies around a point, that field carries angular momentum, proportional to the magnitude of the change of phase. When the polarisation also varies, we show that there is a new angular momentum which is carried by such a beam. This generalised angular momentum accounts for the possible winding in both the direction of polarisation and the phase around a point. We show ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82893
Marked
Mark
Morphology and time evolution of thermal jets associated with low-mass young stars
(2016)
Ainsworth, Rachael Evelyn
Morphology and time evolution of thermal jets associated with low-mass young stars
(2016)
Ainsworth, Rachael Evelyn
Abstract:
THESIS 11249
Jets are one of the most ubiquitous processes in the Universe, observed from astrophysical objects spanning an extreme range of masses. Despite the difference in scale, the similar morphologies and other characteristics between astrophysical jets suggest that the launching mechanism may be universal, although this suggestion is still controversial. It is widely accepted that many astrophysical jets, including those from young stars, are driven by accretion and launched through magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes, in particular, the centrifugal acceleration of material along magnetic field lines anchored to a rotating disk. However, many open questions remain: Where is the precise origin of jet launch? What is the role of the magnetic field? How does the jet evolve with time? These questions are best answered within the domain of low-mass star formation, as the large numbers of (relatively) nearby young stellar objects (YSOs) uniquely allows the region of jet launch ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82887
Marked
Mark
Mechanically alloyed Sm-Co hard magnetic materials
(2002)
Gallagher, Kathleen
Mechanically alloyed Sm-Co hard magnetic materials
(2002)
Gallagher, Kathleen
Abstract:
THESIS 7062
In the recent search for new high-temperature permanent magnet materials, research has concentrated on bulk Sm2Co17-type magnets. The usual approach to development of coercivity in bulk Sm-Co based materials is to prepare a nanophase cellular microstructure with cell walls that act as pinning sites (precipitation hardening). An alternative approach is to mechanically alloy the materials, with the goals of reducing particle size, forming metastable phases, and introducing planar crystalline defects that act as pinning sites. The objectives of this work were to produce SmZr(Co,Fe) alloys by mechanical alloying, to study the effect of composition on magnetic properties, and to assess whether these materials would make good high temperature magnets. In this work, SmzZry(Co1-xFex)100-z-y nanocrystalline powders, where 13 ? z ? 15, 0 ? y ? 5, and 0 ? x ? 0.5 (compositions intermediate to SmCo5 and Sm2Co17), were prepared by mechanical alloying followed by an optimized anne...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83128
Marked
Mark
The surface energetics of low dimensional nanomaterials
(2017)
Ferguson, Auren
The surface energetics of low dimensional nanomaterials
(2017)
Ferguson, Auren
Abstract:
THESIS 11405
Over the past two decades, there has been great interest in the discovery and research of low dimensional nanomaterials. These materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are amongst the strongest and most conductive materials ever discovered and show great promise for applications such as, electronics, renewable energy and polymer composites. Great strides in their understanding have been achieved, however, one material property that isn't well understood is their surface energy. Surface energy is a measure of the energy required to produce a unit area of surface and it controls how a material interacts with its environment. Therefore, understanding the surface energetics of low dimensional materials is very important, particularly in the case of the exfoliation of layered 2D materials in liquid, e.g. the exfoliation of graphite to produce graphene. This thesis develops a framework for the measurement and analysis of the surface energy of layered materia...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83125
Marked
Mark
The growth, formation and magnetic behaviour of noble metal capped atomic wires
(2016)
Duignan, Martin James
The growth, formation and magnetic behaviour of noble metal capped atomic wires
(2016)
Duignan, Martin James
Abstract:
THESIS 11313
Transition metal nanostructures have been observed to have several interesting magnetic properties. Nanowire of atomic widths on a vicinal surfaces show these interesting properties clearly, which also vary with the width of the wires. If these nanostructures are to be of future use in devices they will have to be able to survive outside of a ultra high vacuum environment. The most obvious means to prevent the nanowires from oxidising is to cap noble metal or inert overlayer. It is a system of this type that is the subject of the study, specifically cobalt atomic wires on a vicinal platinum surface, which have been capped with four to eight monolayers of gold. During this work the growth of the wires, and the capping layer was investigated using low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunnelling microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Along with their lifetime before oxidisation outside of a ultra high vacuum environments by x-ray absorption and photoemission ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83124
Marked
Mark
Interactions between quantum emitters in the presence of plasmonic nanostructures
(2016)
Karanikolas, Vasilios D.
Interactions between quantum emitters in the presence of plasmonic nanostructures
(2016)
Karanikolas, Vasilios D.
Abstract:
THESIS 11217
In this thesis the spontaneous emission, of a single quantum emitter, and the energy transfer, between a pair of quantum emitters, rates are investigated in the presence of conducting nanostructures. The competition between these two rates leads to the introduction of the energy transfer efficiency. Metallic and graphene nanostructures are investigated. The excitation of surface plasmon modes, hybrid modes of the conduction band electrons and the electromagnetic field, is crucial for enhancing the spontaneous emission and energy transfer rates, compared with their free space values. The near field of the quantum emitters can directly excite the surface plasmon modes. The surface plasmon wavelengths depend on the shape and material properties of the nanostructures. The spectral and distance dependences of the spontaneous emission and energy transfer processes are studied. It is of particular interest, from the point of view of applications, to be able to manipulate t...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83132
Marked
Mark
Electronic properties of doped carbon-based nanostructures
(2016)
Lawlor, James
Electronic properties of doped carbon-based nanostructures
(2016)
Lawlor, James
Abstract:
THESIS 11188
Carbon-based nanostructures have been at the forefront of scientific research for the last couple of decades due to their unique properties, giving rise to many potential applications especially for electronics. Their simple structure and the ease with which many of their electronic properties can be studied makes them particularly interesting from a theoretical perspective. These electronic properties can be modified by altering the atomic structure, for example through the introduction of dopants to the system. In this thesis a thorough investigation of several topics related to doping in bulk graphene, narrow strips of graphene (nanoribbons) and carbon nanotubes is be undertaken. A tight-binding Green function formalism is developed and then employed in the study of impurity modelling, Friedel oscillations, impurity scattering and sublattice segregation of impurities. The distinct advantage of using such a mathematically transparent approach is that it better rev...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83133
Marked
Mark
LOFAR tied-array imaging and spectroscopy of solar radio bursts
(2016)
Morosan, Diana E.
LOFAR tied-array imaging and spectroscopy of solar radio bursts
(2016)
Morosan, Diana E.
Abstract:
THESIS 11418
The Sun is the source of the most powerful explosions in the solar system such as solar ares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These explosions can occur up to several times per day and they release up to 1032 ergs (1025 J) of energy. Radio emission at frequencies ranging from a few kHz to a few hundred GHz is often associated with these energetic phenomena. At low radio frequencies (<200 MHz), the Sun has only been studied at selective frequency bands due to instrumental and imaging limitations of previous radio telescopes. With the recent commissioning of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), the low frequency Sun can now be studied with unprecedented spectral, spatial and temporal resolution. The low frequency radio spectrum and the possibility of imaging of radio bursts at low frequencies was explored with LOFAR, which has only been done before on limited occasions with older radio telescopes. A new observational method was applied to solar observations, tied-arr...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83465
Marked
Mark
Simulation and analysis of foam structure
(2017)
Whyte, David
Simulation and analysis of foam structure
(2017)
Whyte, David
Abstract:
THESIS 11397
We use the method of bond-orientational order parameter analysis on X-ray tomographic data to investigate the interal structure of an experimental sample of ~25 000 microbubbles. By employing appropriate cutoff distances in the parameter space, we see that over the 7 days of the experiment the amount of ordering in the sample increases signficantly. In line with previous experiments and simulations, we see a preference for face-centred cubic (fcc) ordering over hexagonal close-packed (hcp). We present a simple geometrical argument concerning the ideal shapes of bubbles at an arbitrary liquid fraction between the dry and wet limits. By applying the appropriate transformation to an fcc bubble at a given liquid fraction, we obtain a ?trial? hcp bubble of the same surface area. This surface can be relaxed, proving that the hcp structure has lower energy than the fcc. We perform Surface Evolver simulations of fcc and hcp bubbles over the full range of liquid fractions. T...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83457
Marked
Mark
The structures and extents of the chromospheres of late-type stars
(2015)
? Riain, Neal
The structures and extents of the chromospheres of late-type stars
(2015)
? Riain, Neal
Abstract:
THESIS 10990
The chromosphere is the region of a star, above what is traditionally defined as the stellar surface, from which photons freely escape. As the definition implies, this region is characterised by complexity, non-equilibrium, and specifying its structure is a vastly non-linear, nonlocal problem. In this work we are concerned with the chromospheres of late-type stars, objects of spectral type K to M, the thermodynamic structure, extent, and heating mechanisms of whose chromospheres are not well understood. We use a number of observational and computational methods in order to gain a detailed quantitative understanding of these chromospheres. We construct a model to compute the mm, thermal bremsstrahlung flux from the chromospheres of late-type objects, based on a number of simplifying assumptions concerning their thermodynamic structure. We compare this model with archival and recent observations, and find that the model is capable of reproducing the observed flux from...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85162
Marked
Mark
New materials for spin electronics
(2015)
Betto, Davide
New materials for spin electronics
(2015)
Betto, Davide
Abstract:
THESIS 10958
Magnetic components are currently widely used in electronic devices, especially in the field of data storage. The need for downscaling the lateral dimensions of every component following Moore's law brings new challenges and will preclude the use of the currently employed materials and structures. The study presented is concerned with the investigation of new materials for future use in spin electronics devices. The first part focuses on full and half Heuser alloys Mn3Ga, Mn2Ga and the unprecedented hybrid Mn2RuxGa. We investigated Mn3Ga in the D022 cubic structure with large tetragonal distortion using x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (XAS/XMCD). We found that two different magnetic moments are present: the main component shows high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), while a second, smaller one is oriented in the plane and posses no anisotropy. This configuration is due to the canted magnetic moment on one sublattice. The decomposition of...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85161
Marked
Mark
Studies of radon in Ireland : outdoor levels, detector intercomparison and school remediation methods
(2016)
Gunning, Gillian A.
Studies of radon in Ireland : outdoor levels, detector intercomparison and school remediation methods
(2016)
Gunning, Gillian A.
Abstract:
Although Ireland has a comprehensive radon strategy in place and an active research community, the rate of testing is still low. The work in this thesis aims to reduce knowledge gaps by making outdoor radon measurements, aid the introduction of radon testing for conveyancing purposes and evaluate the necessity of remediation follow-up programmes. Long term outdoor radon measurements across Ireland were recorded using CR-39 track etch detectors. For this study, a measurement protocol was designed that was optimised for the relatively low radon concentrations expected outdoors. This protocol included pre-etching the detectors before exposure to allow radon tracks to be more easily distinguished from background. The average outdoor radon concentration for the Republic of Ireland was found to be 5.6 ? 0.7 Bq/m3 which equates to an annual dose of 0.05 mSv to the Irish population. Prior to this study, a value of 6 Bq/m3 was estimated to be the outdoor concentration for Ireland and this va...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85219
Marked
Mark
Point contact Andreev reflection and tunneling spectroscopy using high-field superconductors, topological insulators and compensated ferrrimagnets
(2017)
Borisov, Kiril
Point contact Andreev reflection and tunneling spectroscopy using high-field superconductors, topological insulators and compensated ferrrimagnets
(2017)
Borisov, Kiril
Abstract:
THESIS 11416
Spin electronics is a young and thriving research and technology field which relies more on the spin of the electron rather than its charge. The tunneling magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance effects have been already utilized in novel non-volatile magnetic memories and highly sensitive magnetic sensors. The improvement of the current magnetic storage and detection devices depends critically on integration of new compositions with enhanced magnetic and magneto-transport properties. The data retention and further scalability depend on materials with higher anisotropy and lower magnetization. A critical parameter is the spin polarization, because the tunneling magnetoresistance and the giant magnetoresistance effects depend on it, so does the switching efficiency through the spin-transfer torque. Therefore, novel materials with higher anisotropy, lower magnetization and higher spin polarization are sought-after. Among the spin polarization measurement techniq...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85206
Marked
Mark
Structure and Electronic Properties of Point Defects at Semiconductor Oxide Interfaces
(2015)
Mehes, Eric
Structure and Electronic Properties of Point Defects at Semiconductor Oxide Interfaces
(2015)
Mehes, Eric
Abstract:
Semiconductor-oxide interfaces, particularly Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2, are the centrepieces of transistor technology. Defects at such interfaces can massively affect device performance. Experimental studies on Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2 interfaces accurately describe the structure of some of these defects, but the local atomic structure of others remains unknown. The exact positions of individual atoms at semiconductor-oxide interfaces can not yet be determined experimentally. Theoretical simulations are thus required to analyse the possible structural and electronic properties of the interface defects. This work aims to answer two questions: which defects appear in (001) Si/SiO2 and (001) Si/HfO2 interfaces and what states do such structure produce in the band gap region of the structures. For this a mix of molecular dynamics and density functional theory methods were used to generate valid interface structures. Recurring interface defects were identified. The contribution of these defects to ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85250
Marked
Mark
Physics-based TCAD analysis of border and interface traps in Al2O3/InGaAs stacks using multifrequency CV-curves
(2018)
Caruso, Enrico; Lin, Jun; Burke, K. F.; Cherkaoui, Karim; Esseni, D.; Gity, Farzan; Mon...
Physics-based TCAD analysis of border and interface traps in Al2O3/InGaAs stacks using multifrequency CV-curves
(2018)
Caruso, Enrico; Lin, Jun; Burke, K. F.; Cherkaoui, Karim; Esseni, D.; Gity, Farzan; Monaghan, Scott; Palestri, P.; Hurley, Paul K.; Selmi, L.
Abstract:
In this paper, we analyze the multi-frequency C-V curves of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSCAPs by employing physics-based TCAD simulations including both border and interface traps. The calculations reproduce the experimental inversion and accumulation capacitance, and the general trend of the depletion capacitance. A study of the influence of the quantization model on the extraction of the trap distribution is also carried out.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/7160
Marked
Mark
Surface studies of magnetite (100)
(2000)
Seoighe, Ciaran
Surface studies of magnetite (100)
(2000)
Seoighe, Ciaran
Abstract:
THESIS 5338
The (100) surface of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ultra high vacuum (UHV) with a view to establishing a test surface for spin polarised STM experiments. Two structured surface arrangements were found. The first was found to form after annealing in UHV at 970 ? 15 K for about 4 hours. This consists of cubic terraces with edges aligned along [110]. The terraces are separated by 2.0 ? 0.2 A in the z-direction. This is twice the interplanar distance for magnetite (100) and implies that the observed terraces consist of a combination of octahedral and tetrahedral planes. However, this surface state is only metastable. Further annealing for a total of approximately 22 hours causes the surface to transform into another state. This state consists o f rows running along [110] directions which rotate by 90? every 2.0 ? 0.3 A in the z-direction. They have a width of 18 to 42 A and are found to become generally narrower with in...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85507
Marked
Mark
The weakly coupled chiral Schwinger model on a finite lattice
(2000)
Pinto, Carlos
The weakly coupled chiral Schwinger model on a finite lattice
(2000)
Pinto, Carlos
Abstract:
THESIS 5638
The primary aim of this work is the development of a perturbative analysis of the phase structure of the lattice Schwinger model. A novel method for implementing this analysis is presented. It is shown analytically that the photon propagators which appear in the solution can be specified without ambiguity, provided special boundary conditions are implemented on the lattice. A detailed numerical study is carried out to confirm this analytical work. The results of the perturbative calculation indicate the absence of a phase transition in the weakly coupled Schwinger model, contrary to the findings, based on numerical studies, of other groups.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85499
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Mark
Numerical and experimental investigation of a novel waveguide design for use in high power laser diode devices
(2002)
Patchell, John A.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a novel waveguide design for use in high power laser diode devices
(2002)
Patchell, John A.
Abstract:
THESIS 6724
Because of their efficiency, small size and reliability high power laser diodes are used for numerous tasks, such as the pumping of solid state lasers, second harmonic generation and the pumping of rare earth fibre amplifiers. The next generation of optical networks will most likely use Raman amplifiers for optical regeneration instead of Erbium doped fibre amplifiers. Up to now the widespread use of Raman has been limited by the availability high power pump modules. In this thesis we examine a new type of waveguide design for use in high power laser diodes, a unique feature of this design is that the last mode before cut-off is predominantly confined to the low index region of the waveguide structure. As this is quite a counter intuitive result, structures based on this design concept, are for shorthand purposes referred to as Lo-guides. The subject matter in this thesis is concerned with the investigation of waveguide structures which could potentially facilitate t...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85498
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Mark
Supersymmetric noether currents and Seiberg-Witten theory
(2000)
Iorio, Alfredo
Supersymmetric noether currents and Seiberg-Witten theory
(2000)
Iorio, Alfredo
Abstract:
THESIS 5619
This thesis has been devoted to the construction of the Noether supercharges for the Seiberg-Witten (SW) model. One of our most important results is the first complete and direct derivation of the SW version of the mass formula.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85477
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Mark
Curing of complex monomer systems: a spectroscopic and thermal analysis
(2001)
Martin, Se?n J.
Curing of complex monomer systems: a spectroscopic and thermal analysis
(2001)
Martin, Se?n J.
Abstract:
THESIS 6307
This thesis describcs the development of a novel methodology, which uses the high resolution liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic technique to continuously monitor in real time the thermal and UV-photoinitiated curing dynamics of a range of multi-component monomer systems, comprising mainly of N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate / 4 and 5-t-butyl-2-hydroxycyclohexyl methacrylate (NVP/HEMA/TBE). These systems are of both academic and commercial interest, in this case, in the manufacture of hydrogel contact lenses.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85487
Marked
Mark
A search for X-ray flares in the nuclei of galaxies
(2003)
Cunniffe, John
A search for X-ray flares in the nuclei of galaxies
(2003)
Cunniffe, John
Abstract:
THESIS 7161
Observations of the giant elliptical galaxy NCG 4552 at ultraviolet wavelengths during the early 1990?s showed sharply peaked emission within ~2pc of its centre which initially brightened and then faded. The features of this flare in emission around the nucleus made it one of the few candidates for a stellar tidal disruption event not identified at X-ray energies. In order to compare its X-ray properties with the existing flare candidates a detailed analysis of the X-ray history of NGC 4552 was carried out. No correlation was found between the UV and X-ray variability and the limits placed on the X-ray output from any faint flare component imply th a t the mass accreted must have been less than 10-5/?0.1M?.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85461
Marked
Mark
Ultrafast non-linear optics for telecommunication applications
(2003)
Communal, Jean-Edouard Paul Camille
Ultrafast non-linear optics for telecommunication applications
(2003)
Communal, Jean-Edouard Paul Camille
Abstract:
THESIS 7170
The aim of the research done for this thesis was to characterise the properties of a fibre laser producing ultrashort pulses at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550nm. We also measured the nonlinear optical properties of molecules designed for all optical switching. In order to understand the effects underlying the production and propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in fibre optics, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of material are described in the conditions relevant to single mode step index silica fibre. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is derived and its solutions of interest are introduced. Depending on the condition of dispersion, the instability of the continuous solution leads to the formation of pulses and the stability of the pulsed solution leads to the formation of optical solitons.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/85458
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