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'physics' in all fields;
3911 items found
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Displaying Results 3901 - 3911 of 3911 on page 157 of 157
Marked
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The role of spin-orbit coupling in the optical spectroscopy of atomic sodium isolated in solid xenon
(2019)
de Pujo, P.; Ryan, M.; Crepin, Claudine; Mestdagh, J.M.; McCaffrey, John G.
The role of spin-orbit coupling in the optical spectroscopy of atomic sodium isolated in solid xenon
(2019)
de Pujo, P.; Ryan, M.; Crepin, Claudine; Mestdagh, J.M.; McCaffrey, John G.
Abstract:
Molecular dynamics calculations, based on the diatomics-in-molecules method, have been used to probe the manifestations of spin-orbit (SO) coupling in the experimental absorption bands of atomic sodium isolated in solid xenon. Inclusion of SO coupling of –320 cm−1 in spectral simulations of the 3p 2P 3s 2S transition leads to unequal band spacings which very closely match the asymmetrical bandshape observed for blue single vacancy (SV) site occupancy. This SO value, extracted in a previous MCD study, reveals the dramatic change in the effective SO coupling constant of the Na atom (from the gas phase value of +17 cm−1 ) in solid Xe when it is close to the 12 xenon atoms in the first surrounding sphere. In contrast, the symmetrical three-fold split band of the red tetra vacancy (TV) site in Na/Xe is not affected nearly as much by SO coupling. This reflects a greatly reduced “external heavy atom” effect when the 24 Xe atoms surrounding the Na atom in TV are located at greater distances...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13594/
Marked
Mark
Effects of trapping site on the spectroscopy of 1P1 excited group 12 metal atoms in rare gas matrices
(2019)
Lara-Moreno, M.; Alvarez-Hernandez, J.; Negrin-Yuvero, H.; McCaffrey, John G.; Rojas-Lo...
Effects of trapping site on the spectroscopy of 1P1 excited group 12 metal atoms in rare gas matrices
(2019)
Lara-Moreno, M.; Alvarez-Hernandez, J.; Negrin-Yuvero, H.; McCaffrey, John G.; Rojas-Lorenzo, Germán
Abstract:
A molecular dynamics deposition model has been used to simulate the growth of rare gas matrices doped with atoms of the group 12 elements zinc, cadmium and mercury. This study investigates the sites occupied by Zn, Cd and Hg metal atoms when isolated in the solid rare gases. To probe the results, the resonance 1P1 1 S0 transitions of the matrix-isolated metal atoms were calculated and compared with the recorded spectra of the M/RG solids. The theoretical spectroscopy obtained in this work was generated using the molecular dynamics with quantum transitions method. In Ne matrices the metal atoms preferably occupy tetra- and hexa-vacancy sites while in the case of Xe matrices, only the single vacancy site is formed. For Ar and Kr matrices Zn but especially Cd can be trapped in tetra- and hexa-vacancy sites in addition to single-vacancy sites, while Hg atoms show exclusive occupancy in single vacancy sites.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13595/
Marked
Mark
Weyl points and exceptional rings with polaritons in bulk semiconductors
(2020)
Eastham, Paul
Weyl points and exceptional rings with polaritons in bulk semiconductors
(2020)
Eastham, Paul
Abstract:
Weyl points are the simplest topologically protected degeneracy in a three-dimensional dispersion relation. The realization of Weyl semimetals in photonic crystals has allowed these singularities and their consequences to be explored with electromagnetic waves. However, it is difficult to achieve nonlinearities in such systems. One promising approach is to use the strong coupling of photons and excitons, because the resulting polaritons interact through their exciton component. Yet topological polaritons have only been realized in two dimensions. Here, we predict that the dispersion relation for polaritons in three dimensions, in a bulk semiconductor with an applied magnetic field, contains Weyl points and Weyl line nodes. We show that absorption converts these Weyl points to Weyl exceptional rings. We conclude that bulk semiconductors are a promising system in which to investigate topological photonics in three dimensions, and the effects of dissipation, gain, and nonlinearity.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94156
Marked
Mark
On the influence of background including neutrals on the dynamics of 3D scrape-off layer filaments in fusion devices
(2020)
Schwörer, David
On the influence of background including neutrals on the dynamics of 3D scrape-off layer filaments in fusion devices
(2020)
Schwörer, David
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the influence of background profiles and neutrals on scrape-off layer (SOL) filaments in fusion devices using 3D simulations. This was achieved by seeding filaments on steady-state background profiles including neutrals. In terms of the filament motion, both direct and indirect interaction between the neutrals and filaments have been studied. The simulations have been carried out using the STORM module, which is implemented using the BOUT++ library. STORM has been extended to include neutrals, using a new neutrals C++-API which also uses BOUT++. Filaments have been seeded on top of plasma backgrounds with changing plasma density and temperatures. The profiles have been generated by running a reduced set of equations to steady state. The backgrounds cover different regimes, namely low-recycling regime, high recycling as well as detached plasma conditions. In the attached conditions, the filament’s radial velocity increased with increasing target temperature, ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/24992/
Marked
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Pre-service teacher perceptions in integrating maker-centered learning in their mathematics and education initial teacher education programme
(2020)
Connolly, Cornelia; O Gorman, Sean; Hall, Tony; Hijón-Neira, Raquel
Pre-service teacher perceptions in integrating maker-centered learning in their mathematics and education initial teacher education programme
(2020)
Connolly, Cornelia; O Gorman, Sean; Hall, Tony; Hijón-Neira, Raquel
Abstract:
This paper describes an innovative programme ‘C2 4M2 : Creative Coding for Math’s Makers’, in an undergraduate concurrent teacher education degree programme. Using the Makerspace in a University setting, the programme fostered a culture of creativity and innovation through combining mathematics and the more widely recognized STEM subjects. In addressing the challenge of preparing teachers effectively to teach key STEM areas, such as computational thinking, in an engaging and effective way, this paper describes a maker-design and structure, integrating physics with computer coding, to address the challenge in preparing student teachers of mathematics. The paper aims to validate and explore the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of computer science and demonstrates the potential of maker-centred learning as a powerful context for promoting and enhancing STEM education, both amongst pupils and pre-service teachers. This paper examines if the design of the C2 4M2 fosters a positive attit...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/16362
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Investigation of fluid dynamics in a vibrating mesh nebulizer using the finite volume particle method
(2020)
Hassanzadeh Moghimi, Mohsen
Investigation of fluid dynamics in a vibrating mesh nebulizer using the finite volume particle method
(2020)
Hassanzadeh Moghimi, Mohsen
Abstract:
In Aerogen aerosol drug delivery technology, an aperture plate vibrates at high frequency under a piezoelectric drive. Liquid drug stored on one side of the plate passes through the apertures to form an aerosol of microscopic droplets, which can be inhaled. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique based on the finite volume particle method (FVPM) was developed to capture the physics of droplet formation in a single aperture. Two novel extensions to the modelling capability of FVPM are presented in this thesis. Firstly, a kinematic criterion for free surface extension (KCFSE) was developed to differentiate physical free surfaces from spurious numerical voids. The novel method enables background pressure to be applied at physical free surfaces and throughout the fluid, but not in non-physical voids, facilitating the suppression of spurious voids. The results obtained are in good agreement with benchmark data. Secondly, a surface tension model was developed in the FVPM. We prese...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/16392
Marked
Mark
Highly charged 180 degree head-to-head domain walls in lead titanate
(2020)
Moore, Kalani; Conroy, Michele; O'Connell, Eoghan N.; Cochard, Charlotte; Mackel, ...
Highly charged 180 degree head-to-head domain walls in lead titanate
(2020)
Moore, Kalani; Conroy, Michele; O'Connell, Eoghan N.; Cochard, Charlotte; Mackel, Jennifer; Harvey, Alan; Hooper, Thomas E.; Bell, Andrew J.; Gregg, J. Marty; Bangert, Ursel
Abstract:
Charged domain walls (DWs) in ferroelectric materials are an area of intense research. Microscale strain has been identified as a method of inducing arrays of twin walls to meet at right angles, forming needlepoint domains which exhibit novel material properties. Atomic scale characterisation of the features exhibiting these exciting behaviours was inaccessible with the piezoresponse force microscopy resolution of previous work. Here we use aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to observe short, stepped, highly charged DWs at the tip of the needle points in ferroelectric PbTiO3. Reverse Ti4+ shift polarisation mapping confirms the head-to-head polarisation in adjacent domains. Strain mapping reveals large deviations from the bulk and a wider DW with a high Pb2+ vacancy concentration. The extra screening charge is found to stabilise the DW perpendicular to the opposing polarisation vectors and thus constitutes the most highly charged DW possible in PbTiO3. Th...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/9545
Marked
Mark
The QUBIC instrument for CMB polarization measurements
(2020)
Mele, L.; Ade, P.A.R.; Alberro, J.G.; Almela, A.; Amico, G.; Arnaldi, L.H.; Auguste, D....
The QUBIC instrument for CMB polarization measurements
(2020)
Mele, L.; Ade, P.A.R.; Alberro, J.G.; Almela, A.; Amico, G.; Arnaldi, L.H.; Auguste, D.; Aumont, J.; Azzoni, S.; Banfi, S.; Battistelli, E.; Bau, A.; Bélier, B.; Bennett, D.; Bergé, L.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bigot-Sazy, M.-A.; Bleurvacq, N.; Bonaparte, J.
Abstract:
Measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization may reveal the presence of a background of gravitational waves produced during cosmic inflation, providing thus a test of inflationary models. The Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is an experiment designed to measure the CMB polarization. It is based on the novel concept of bolometric interferometry, which combines the sensitivity of bolometric detectors with the properties of beam synthesis and control of calibration offered by interferometers. To modulate and extract the input polarized signal of the CMB, QUBIC exploits Stokes polarimetry based on a rotating half-wave plate (HWP). In this work, we illustrate the design of the QUBIC instrument, focusing on the polarization modulation system, and we present preliminary results of beam calibrations and the performance of the HWP rotator at 300 K.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13772/
Marked
Mark
Electromagnetic modelling of few-moded Winston cones in the far-infrared
(2002)
Gleeson, E.; Murphy, J.Anthony; Church, S.E.; Colgan, R.; O'Sullivan, Créidhe
Electromagnetic modelling of few-moded Winston cones in the far-infrared
(2002)
Gleeson, E.; Murphy, J.Anthony; Church, S.E.; Colgan, R.; O'Sullivan, Créidhe
Abstract:
Winston cones have traditionally been used as detector feeds in far-infrared cosmological experiments, such as SuZIe, the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Infra-red Experiment [1] on the CSO. They are usually designed using ray tracing, which becomes a very poor approximation when the number of spatial modes propagated by the horn is small in number, often the case at the longest wavelengths. We describe a more accurate approach involving electromagnetic modelling of Winston cones using a rigorous electromagnetic mode matching technique. It is straightforward to also consider the case of few-moded corrugated Winston cones, which offer lower sidelobe levels than smooth walled cones which is important for high sensitivity experiments. Furthermore, the mode matching technique allows more complex structures such as back-to-back Winston cones and the detector cavities to also be analyzed.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13782/
Marked
Mark
Dual-layer grid polarizers for MM and sub-MM waves: Theory and experiment
(2010)
Yurchenko, V.; Gradziel, Marcin; Murphy, J.Anthony
Dual-layer grid polarizers for MM and sub-MM waves: Theory and experiment
(2010)
Yurchenko, V.; Gradziel, Marcin; Murphy, J.Anthony
Abstract:
This work is concerned with design, manufacturing and testing of enhanced dual-layer grid polarizers for millimeter (MM) and sub-millimeter (sub-MM) electromagnetic waves. Enhanced MM and sub-MM wave (THz) polarizers are needed in astrophysics (detection of polarization of Cosmic Microwave Background at the level of about -80 dB), polarization interferometry, remote sensing, etc.
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13786/
Marked
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Never the right time: maternity planning alongside a science career in academia
(2020)
EREN, EBRU
Never the right time: maternity planning alongside a science career in academia
(2020)
EREN, EBRU
Abstract:
Pregnancy and maternity planning pose a challenge and stress in the academic career of a researcher, especially at the PhD and postdoctoral level, where the conditions of employment and role status are not clear. This paper discusses how women evaluate maternity-related issues and balance their scientific career in the field of physics and the physical sciences from undergraduate to postdoctoral level. The paper tries to assess how this affects their progress in academic science. The data were generated through in-depth individual interviews with 15 women from four universities in Dublin. The participants of this study were not necessarily mothers or mother-to-be. The findings indicate that compared to their male counterparts, the need to continually publish, the absence of paid parental leave, short-time positions, lack of clear institutional policies on maternity, lack of pregnancy-maternity friendly work plans and the non-extension of contracts, puts many female early-career scie...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/94561
Displaying Results 3901 - 3911 of 3911 on page 157 of 157
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