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Displaying Results 5776 - 5793 of 5793 on page 232 of 232
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Dysregulation of Natural Killer Cells in Obesity
(2019)
O'Shea, Donal; Hogan, Andrew
Dysregulation of Natural Killer Cells in Obesity
(2019)
O'Shea, Donal; Hogan, Andrew
Abstract:
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes which classically form part of the innate immune system. They are defined as innate lymphocytes, due to their ability to kill infected or transformed cells without prior activation. In addition to their cytotoxic abilities, NK cells are also rapid producers of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and are therefore a critical component of early immune responses. Due to these unique abilities, NK cells are a very important component of host protection, especially anti-tumour and anti-viral immunity. Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, with over 600 million adults and 124 million children now classified as obese. It is well established that individuals who are obese are at a higher risk of many acute and chronic conditions, including cancer and viral infections. Over the past 10 years, many studies have investigated the impact of obesity on NK cell biology, detailing systemic dysregulation of NK cell functions. M...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13973/
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Telemedicine in the upper Amazon: Interplay with local health care practices
(2021)
Miscione, Gianluca
Telemedicine in the upper Amazon: Interplay with local health care practices
(2021)
Miscione, Gianluca
Abstract:
This article is based on the introduction of a telemedicine system in the jungles of northeastern Peru. The system was designed by a European consortium led by a Spanish polytechnic in cooperation with two universities in Lima and the Peruvian Ministry of Health. The purpose of the system was to improve health conditions by extending science-based medicine into a region with well-established traditional healing practices. The central analytical focus of this article is on the interplay between the public health care system, which used the telemedicine system, and local health care practices. The manner in which scientific medicine was delivered through information technology and public health care services is analyzed in terms of the health personnel's activity, the local population 's conceptions of health, and the trajectories followed by patients seeking recovery. The author participated in the design of the second evaluation of the telemedicine system and acted as a pa...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/11929
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Assessment of hip and knee joints and implants using acoustic emission monitoring: A scoping review
(2020)
Khokhlova, Liudmila; Komaris, Dimitrios-Sokratis; Tedesco, Salvatore; O'Flynn, Bre...
Assessment of hip and knee joints and implants using acoustic emission monitoring: A scoping review
(2020)
Khokhlova, Liudmila; Komaris, Dimitrios-Sokratis; Tedesco, Salvatore; O'Flynn, Brendan
Abstract:
Objectives: Population ageing and the subsequent increase of joint disorders prevalence requires the development of non-invasive and early diagnostic methods to enable timely medical assistance and promote healthy aging. Over the last decades, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, a technique widely used in non-destructive testing, has also been introduced in orthopedics as a diagnostic tool. This review aims to synthesize the literature on the use of AE monitoring for the assessment of hip and knee joints or implants, highlighting the practical aspects and implementation considerations. Methods: this review was conducted as per the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews. All types of studies, with no limits on date of publication, were considered. Articles were assessed and study design parameters and technical characteristics were extracted from relevant studies. Results: conducted search identified 1379 articles and 64 were kept for charting. Seven additional articles were added at a ...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/11052
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Comparing the Usability and Acceptability of Wearable Sensors Among Older Irish Adults in a Real-World Context: Observational Study
(2021)
Keogh, Alison; Dorn, Jonas F.; Walsh, Lorcan; Calvo, Francesc; Caulfield, Brian
Comparing the Usability and Acceptability of Wearable Sensors Among Older Irish Adults in a Real-World Context: Observational Study
(2021)
Keogh, Alison; Dorn, Jonas F.; Walsh, Lorcan; Calvo, Francesc; Caulfield, Brian
Abstract:
Background: Wearable devices are valuable assessment tools for patient outcomes in contexts such as clinical trials. To besuccessfully deployed, however, participants must be willing to wear them. Another concern is that usability studies are rarelypublished, often fail to test devices beyond 24 hours, and need to be repeated frequently to ensure that contemporary devices areassessed.Objective: This study aimed to compare multiple wearable sensors in a real-world context to establish their usability within anolder adult (>50 years) population.Methods: Eight older adults wore seven devices for a minimum of 1 week each: Actigraph GT9x, Actibelt, Actiwatch, Biovotion,Hexoskin, Mc10 Biostamp_RC, and Wavelet. Usability was established through mixed methods using semistructured interviewsand three questionnaires, namely, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and an acceptabilityquestionnaire. Quantitative data were reported descriptively and qualit...
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/11933
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COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy?
(2020)
Boylan, Fabio
COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy?
(2020)
Boylan, Fabio
Abstract:
Background: Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. Aims: To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for ?respiratory diseases? within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. Method: The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95092
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Effects of bean seed treatment by the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana on plant growth, spider mite populations and behavior of predatory mites
(2019)
Canassa, Fernanda; Tall, Susanna; de Andrade Moral, Rafael; de Lara, I.A.R.; Delalibera...
Effects of bean seed treatment by the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana on plant growth, spider mite populations and behavior of predatory mites
(2019)
Canassa, Fernanda; Tall, Susanna; de Andrade Moral, Rafael; de Lara, I.A.R.; Delalibera, Italo; Meyling, Nicolai V.
Abstract:
The fungal genera Metarhizium and Beauveria are considered as both entomopathogens and endophytes; they are able to colonize a wide variety of plants and can cause increased plant growth and protect plants against pests. In view of the need for new biological methods for plant protection and how promising and little studied candidates entomopathogens are, the aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of two isolates of Metarhizium robertsii (ESALQ 1622) and Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ 3375) to suppress spider mite Tetranychus urticae population growth and ability to promote growth of bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris after seed treatment, in order to develop an innovative strategy by using these fungi as inoculants to improve both spider mites control and plant growth and yield. In addition, behavioral responses and predation rates of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis towards fungal treated plants and spider mites from these plants were also evaluated in leaf disc assay...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/14013/
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Root inoculation of strawberry with the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana reduces incidence of the twospotted spider mite and selected insect pests and plant diseases in the field
(2020)
Canassa, Fernanda; Esteca, Fernanda C.N.; de Andrade Moral, Rafael; Meyling, Nicolai V....
Root inoculation of strawberry with the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana reduces incidence of the twospotted spider mite and selected insect pests and plant diseases in the field
(2020)
Canassa, Fernanda; Esteca, Fernanda C.N.; de Andrade Moral, Rafael; Meyling, Nicolai V.; Klingen, Ingeborg; Delalibera, Italo
Abstract:
The effect of inoculation of strawberry roots by two entomopathogenic fungal isolates, Metarhizium robertsii (ESALQ 1622) and Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ 3375), on naturally occurring arthropod pests and plant diseases was investigated in four commercial strawberry fields during two growing seasons in Brazil. Three locations represented open-field production while strawberries were grown in low tunnels at the fourth location. Population responses of predatory mites to the fungal treatments were also assessed. Plants inoculated by the fungal isolates resulted in significantly fewer Tetranychus urticae adults compared to control plants at all four locations. The mean cumulative numbers ± SE of T. urticae per leaflet were: M. robertsii (225.6 ± 59.32), B. bassiana (206.5 ± 51.48) and control (534.1 ± 115.55) at the three open-field locations, while at the location with tunnels numbers were: M. robertsii (79.7 ± 10.02), B. bassiana (107.7 ± 26.85) and control (207.4 ± 49.90). Plants treat...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/14014/
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Archaeological evidence that a late 14th-century tsunami devastated the coast of northern Sumatra and redirected history
(2019)
Daly, Patrick; Sieh, Kerry; Seng, Tai Yew; McKinnon, Edmund Edwards; Parnell, Andrew; A...
Archaeological evidence that a late 14th-century tsunami devastated the coast of northern Sumatra and redirected history
(2019)
Daly, Patrick; Sieh, Kerry; Seng, Tai Yew; McKinnon, Edmund Edwards; Parnell, Andrew; Ardiansyah; Feener, R Michael; Ismail, Nazli; Nizamuddin; Majewski, Jedrzej
Abstract:
Archaeological evidence shows that a predecessor of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated nine distinct communities along a 40-km section of the northern coast of Sumatra in about 1394 CE. Our evidence is the spatial and temporal distribution of tens of thousands of medieval ceramic sherds and over 5,000 carved gravestones, collected and recorded during a systematic landscape archaeology survey near the modern city of Banda Aceh. Only the trading settlement of Lamri, perched on a headland above the reach of the tsunami, survived into and through the subsequent 15th century. It is of historical and political interest that by the 16th century, however, Lamri was abandoned, while low-lying coastal sites destroyed by the 1394 tsunami were resettled as the population center of the new economically and politically ascendant Aceh Sultanate. Our evidence implies that the 1394 tsunami was large enough to impact severely many of the areas inundated by the 2004 tsunami and to provoke a sign...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/14028/
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Five-year standardised mortality ratios in a cohort of homeless people in Dublin
(2019)
Ivers, Jo-Hanna
Five-year standardised mortality ratios in a cohort of homeless people in Dublin
(2019)
Ivers, Jo-Hanna
Abstract:
Objective: To calculate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for a cohort of homeless people in the Dublin region over a 5-year period and to examine leading causes of death. Setting: Homeless services reporting deaths from homeless persons in their care across the Dublin Homeless Region. Methods: Death data among people who experience homelessness was acquired from the Dublin Region Homeless Executive (2011?2015) and validated from both death certificates and records from the Dublin Coroner?s Office. Participants: Two hundred and nine deaths were recorded; of these 201 were verified (n=156 males, 77.6%). Deaths that could not be verified by certificate or coroners record were excluded from the study. Results: SMRs were 3?10 times higher in homeless men and 6?10 times higher in homeless women compared with the general population. Drug and alcohol-related deaths were the leading cause of death, accounting for 38.4% of deaths in homeless individuals. These were followed by circulatory...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95241
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Sedentary behaviour levels in adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review protocol
(2020)
Lynch, Louise Annmarie
Sedentary behaviour levels in adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review protocol
(2020)
Lynch, Louise Annmarie
Abstract:
Background: Sedentary behaviour contributes to non-communicable diseases, which account for almost 71% of world deaths. Of these, cardiovascular disease is one of the largest causes of preventable death. It is not yet fully understood what level of sedentary behaviour is safe. People with an intellectual disability have poorer health than the general population with higher rates of multi-morbidity, obesity and inactivity. There is a paucity of evidence on whether this poorer health is due to sedentary behaviour or physical inactivity. This systematic review will investigate the sedentary behaviour levels of adults with an intellectual disability. Method: The PRISMA-P framework will be applied to achieve high-quality articles. An extensive search will be conducted in Medline, Embase, psycINFO and Cinahl and grey literature sources. All articles will be independently reviewed by two reviewers and a third to resolve disputes. Initially, the articles will be reviewed by title and abstra...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95250
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Perceived stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2020)
Ward, Mark
Perceived stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2020)
Ward, Mark
Abstract:
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived stress has increased significantly among older adults. This increase will likely negatively affect both physical and psychological wellbeing among this population. Older adults who live in shared households experienced the greatest increase in stress. At this early stage, we suspect that this may be driven by fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus from other household members who may not be confined to home. This may also manifest itself in a perceived lack of control of ones? own environment and wellbeing. Alternatively, levels of stress may have increased among this group due to the pressures of being confined with others in a situation where usual activities and behaviours have been changed dramatically. Combining the rich existing TILDA data source with new data collected during the pandemic will enable us to investigate the reasons behind the results reported here.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95247
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Altered lives in a time of crisis: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of older adults in Ireland. Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
(2021)
Ward, Mark
Altered lives in a time of crisis: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of older adults in Ireland. Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
(2021)
Ward, Mark
Abstract:
The ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 infection and disease, is threatening healthcare systems globally as well as in Ireland. (1) The COVID-19 pandemic, and public health-associated restrictions, is having a significant impact on the physical, mental, social and economic health and wellbeing of our citizens. No age group is as greatly affected as the older members of our society, with adults aged 65 and over having a 6-8 times increased risk of hospitalisation, and 80% of deaths due to COVID-19 reported among this age group also. (2,3) Older people are at high risk because of age related deficiencies in immune response, the presence of long-term health conditions, problems with mobility, as well as loneliness and social isolation. (4-6) From the recently published TILDA report, The Older Population of Ireland on the Eve of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we know that three-quarters of community-dwelling older adults in Ireland have ?2 chronic condition...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95248
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Medication Safety in Polypharmacy
(2019)
Medication Safety in Polypharmacy
(2019)
Abstract:
Ensuring medication safety in polypharmacy is one of the key challenges for medication safety today. Due to the traditional focus of both medical research and health care delivery models on single-disease interventions, there has been a notable lack of evidence-based solutions. Conventionally polypharmacy has been perceived as an overuse of medicines, whereas it may be more useful to perceive in terms of appropriateness,as there are many cases where the concurrent use of multiple medicines may be deemed necessary and beneficial. Globally the prevalence of polypharmacy is set to rise as the population ages and more people suffer from multiple long-term conditions. Countries should therefore prioritize raising awareness of the problems associated with inappropriate polypharmacy and the need to address this issue. All stakeholders have a vital role to play in driving change for the management of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy management involves multifaceted decision-making and necessitate...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95279
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Climate, disease and society in late-medieval Ireland
(2020)
Ludlow, Francis
Climate, disease and society in late-medieval Ireland
(2020)
Ludlow, Francis
Abstract:
Palaeoclimatic data are used to track the significant changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and weather conditions that affected Ireland between 1000 and 1500CE. How these climatic developments and associated shifts in the epidemiological environment were mapped onto Irish society is explored using a tree-ring chronology reflecting the retreat and advance of oak woodland. Years characterised by significant weather-related food scarcities are identified from the Irish Annals in combination with the independent record of English chronicles, grain yields and prices. Between the thirteenth and the fifteenth centuries the experience of the two countries is shown to have diverged. It is suggested that in late-medieval Ireland scarcity heightened the resort to violence and was from 1348 often a proximate cause of plague outbreaks. In combination, scarcity, violence and plague helped entrap fifteenth-century society in a low-level equilibrium of sparse population, economic under-devel...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95280
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Managing diversity in practical ambient assisted living ecosystems
(2010)
O’Grady, Michael; Walsh, Michael; Tynan, Richard; Gurrin, Cathal; Dragone, Mauro; O...
Managing diversity in practical ambient assisted living ecosystems
(2010)
O’Grady, Michael; Walsh, Michael; Tynan, Richard; Gurrin, Cathal; Dragone, Mauro; O'Hare, Gregory M.P.
Abstract:
Though the motivation for developing Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems is incontestable, significant challenges exist in realizing the ambience that is essential to the success of such systems. By definition, an AAL system must be omnipresent, tracking occupant activities in the home and identifying those situations where assistance is needed or would be welcomed. Embedded sensors offer an attractive mechanism for realizing ambience as their form factor and harnessing of wireless technologies aid in their seamless integration into pre-existing environments. However, the heterogeneity of the end-user population, their disparate needs and the differing environments in which they inhabit, all pose particular problems regarding sensor integration and management
http://doras.dcu.ie/25547/
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A grouping genetic algorithm for joint stratification and sample allocation designs
(2019)
O’Luing, Mervyn; Prestwich, Steven D.; Tarim, S. Armagan
A grouping genetic algorithm for joint stratification and sample allocation designs
(2019)
O’Luing, Mervyn; Prestwich, Steven D.; Tarim, S. Armagan
Abstract:
Finding the optimal stratification and sample size in univariate and multivariate sample design is hard when the population frame is large. There are alternative ways of modelling and solving this problem, and one of the most natural uses genetic algorithms (GA) combined with the Bethel-Chromy evaluation algorithm. The GA iteratively searches for the minimum sample size necessary to meet precision constraints in partitionings of atomic strata created by the Cartesian product of auxiliary variables. We point out a drawback with classical GAs when applied to the grouping problem, and propose a new GA approach using “grouping” genetic operators instead of traditional operators. Experiments show a significant improvement in solution quality for similar computational effort.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/11091
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Sentiment analysis of user feedback on the HSE’s Covid‑19 contact tracing app
(2021)
Rekanar, Kaavya; O'Keeffe, Ian R.; Buckley, Sarah; Abbas, Raja Manzar; Beecham, Sa...
Sentiment analysis of user feedback on the HSE’s Covid‑19 contact tracing app
(2021)
Rekanar, Kaavya; O'Keeffe, Ian R.; Buckley, Sarah; Abbas, Raja Manzar; Beecham, Sarah; Chochlov, Muslim; Fitzgerald, Brian; Glynn, Liam G.; Johnson, Kevin; Laffey, John; McNicholas, Bairbre; Nuseibeh, Bashar; O'Connell, James; O'Keeffe, Derek; O'Callaghan, Mike; Razzaq, Abdul; Richardson, Ita; Simpkin, Andrew; Storni, Cristiano; Tsvyatkova, Damyanka
Abstract:
Background Digital Contact Tracing is seen as a key tool in reducing the propagation of Covid-19. But it requires high uptake and continued participation across the population to be efective. To achieve sufcient uptake/participation, health authorities should address, and thus be aware of, user concerns. Aim This work manually analyzes user reviews of the Irish Heath Service Executive’s (HSE) Contact Tracker app, to identify user concerns and to lay the foundations for subsequent, large-scale, automated analyses of reviews. While this might seem tightly scoped to the Irish context, the HSE app provides the basis for apps in many jurisdictions in the USA and Europe. Methods Manual analysis of (1287) user reviews from the Google/Apple play stores was performed, to identify the aspects of the app that users focused on, and the positive/negative sentiment expressed. Results The fndings suggest a largely positive sentiment towards the app, and that users thought it handled data protectio...
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/9809
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An Integrated Framework for Estimating the Number of Classes with Application for Species Estimation
(2021)
Al-Ghamdi, Asmaa
An Integrated Framework for Estimating the Number of Classes with Application for Species Estimation
(2021)
Al-Ghamdi, Asmaa
Abstract:
The two most common approaches for estimating the number of distinct classes within a population are either to use sampling data directly with combinatorial arguments or to extrapolate historical discovery data. However, in the former case, such detailed sampling data is often unavailable, while the latter approach makes assumptions on the form of parametric curves used to fit the discovery data, that are often lacking in theoretical justification. Instead, we propose an integrated transdisciplinary framework that dissolves the boundaries between the above two approaches. This is achieved by directly describing the samplingdiscovery process in parallel with describing a co-variate latent e↵ort process, where we have historical discovery data for the former process and some proxy data for the latent process. The linkage between these two processes allows one to form data on sampling records by forcing some constraints on how many samples were taken over time. Due to the nat...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/95385
Displaying Results 5776 - 5793 of 5793 on page 232 of 232
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