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'time' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 26 - 50 of 10054 on page 2 of 403
Marked
Mark
Multiscaled cross-correlation dynamics in financial time series
(2009)
Conlon, Thomas; Ruskin, Heather J.; Crane, Martin
Multiscaled cross-correlation dynamics in financial time series
(2009)
Conlon, Thomas; Ruskin, Heather J.; Crane, Martin
Abstract:
The cross-correlation matrix between equities comprises multiple interactions between traders with varying strategies and time horizons. In this paper, we use the Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) to calculate correlation matrices over different time scales and then explore the eigenvalue spectrum over sliding time windows. The dynamics of the eigenvalue spectrum at different scales provides insight into the interactions between the numerous constituents involved. A study of the eigenvalue spectrum in its entirety provides further insight. On partitioning the eigenvalue time series, we show that negative index returns, (drawdowns), are associated with periods where the largest eigenvalue is greatest, while positive index returns, (drawups), are associated with periods where the largest eigenvalue is smallest. Furthermore, through the study of the small eigenvalues of the correlation matrix, we show that information about the correlation dynamics is visible at both ...
http://doras.dcu.ie/14915/
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Turning time from enemy into an ally using the Pomodoro technique
(2010)
Wang, Xiaofeng; Gobbo, Federico; Lane, Michael
Turning time from enemy into an ally using the Pomodoro technique
(2010)
Wang, Xiaofeng; Gobbo, Federico; Lane, Michael
Abstract:
Time is one of the most important factors dominating agile software development processes in distributed settings. Effective time management helps agile teams to plan and monitor the work to be performed, and create and maintain a fast yet sustainable pace. The Pomodoro Technique is one promising time management technique. Its application and adaptation in Sourcesense Milan Team surfaced various benefits, challenges and implications for distributed agile software development. Lessons learnt from the experiences of Sourcesense Milan Team can be useful for other distributed agile teams to turn time from enemy into an ally.
http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2229
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Development of a real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes in chicken samples.
(2008)
O'Regan, Edel; McCabe, Evonne; Burgess, Catherine M; McGuinness, Sheila; Barry, Th...
Development of a real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes in chicken samples.
(2008)
O'Regan, Edel; McCabe, Evonne; Burgess, Catherine M; McGuinness, Sheila; Barry, Thomas; Duffy, Geraldine; Whyte, Paul; Fanning, Seamus
Abstract:
Background: A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes in chicken samples. Poultry-associated serotypes detected in the assay include Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Typhimurium, Kentucky and Dublin. The traditional cultural method according to EN ISO 6579:2002 for the detection of Salmonella in food was performed in parallel. The real-time PCR based method comprised a pre-enrichment step in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) overnight, followed by a shortened selective enrichment in Rappaport Vasilliadis Soya Broth (RVS) for 6 hours and subsequent DNA extraction. Results: The real-time multiplex PCR assay and traditional cultural method showed 100% inclusivity and 100% exclusivity on all strains tested. The real-time multiplex PCR assay was as sensitive as the traditional cultural method in detecting Salmonella in artificially contaminated chicken samples and correctly identified the serotype. Artificially contaminated chicken samples result...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/246
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Providing Hard Real-Time Guarantees in Context-Aware Applications: Challenges and Requirements
(2005)
MEIER, RENE; CAHILL, VINNY
Providing Hard Real-Time Guarantees in Context-Aware Applications: Challenges and Requirements
(2005)
MEIER, RENE; CAHILL, VINNY
Abstract:
Context-aware applications rely on the ability to perceive the state of the surrounding environment. In this paper, we address a class of such applications where real-time guarantees are required on top of mobile ad hoc networks. While guaranteed timeliness is a critical requirement, the unpredictability of dynamic wireless networks adversely impacts such guarantees. Therefore, we identify the challenges and the requirements on different architectural levels in order to provide timeliness guarantees. None of the existing systems have succeeded in providing adequate solutions to all of the identified requirements. Therefore, we describe a crosslayer architecture that supports the development of real-time context-aware applications for wireless networks, in particular, ad hoc networks. This cross-layer architecture is based on three main components. (i) Sentient objects - mobile intelligent software agents that extract, interpret and use context information. (ii) Eventbased real-time ...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/16439
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Accelerated Entry Point Search Algorithm for Real Time Ray Tracing
(2009)
COLLINS, STEVEN; MANZKE, MICHAEL; FOWLER, COLIN
Accelerated Entry Point Search Algorithm for Real Time Ray Tracing
(2009)
COLLINS, STEVEN; MANZKE, MICHAEL; FOWLER, COLIN
Abstract:
Traversing an acceleration data structure, such as the Bounding Volume Hierarchy or kD-tree, takes a significant amount of the total time to render a frame in real-time ray tracing. We present a two phase algorithm based upon MLRTA for finding deep entry points in these tree acceleration data structures in order to speed up traversal. We compare this algorithm to a base MLRTA implementation. Our results indicate an across-the-board decrease in time to find the entry point and an increase in entry point depth. The overall performance of our real-time ray-tracing system shows an increase in frames per second of up to 36% over packet-tracing and 18% over MLRTA. The improvement is algorithmic and is therefore applicable to all architectures and implementations.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/27826
Marked
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Impact of speed change on estimated journey time: Failure of drivers to appreciate relevance of initial speed
(2009)
GORMLEY, MICHAEL
Impact of speed change on estimated journey time: Failure of drivers to appreciate relevance of initial speed
(2009)
GORMLEY, MICHAEL
Abstract:
peer-reviewed
Higher speeds are associated with increases in the probability of crashing and the severity of the outcome. Logically drivers speed to save time, and research evidence supports this assertion. It is therefore important to investigate drivers? understanding of how speed change impacts on journey time. Since it is likely that drivers do not appreciate the reciprocal nature of the function which links these two variables, and its implications, two predictions can be made: the impact of a speed change will be underestimated at low speeds and overestimated at high speeds. This issue was addressed through four questions generated by manipulating Speed Change (increase vs. decrease) and Starting Speed (30 mph vs. 60 mph) with the participants being asked how they felt these variables would impact on journey time. These were included in a large survey addressing speed related issues. Participants were a representative quota sample of 1,005 UK drivers, interviewed by questi...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/26479
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Integrating Real-time Bus-Tracking with Pedestrian Navigation in a Journey Planning System
(2010)
Shalaik, Bashir; Jacob, Ricky; Winstanley, Adam C.
Integrating Real-time Bus-Tracking with Pedestrian Navigation in a Journey Planning System
(2010)
Shalaik, Bashir; Jacob, Ricky; Winstanley, Adam C.
Abstract:
Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) systems provide real-time location information for emergency response, delivery services and freight transport. The advent of AVL systems has meant both public and private bus operators can implement systems to provide real-time passenger information, analyse their service performance and also to evaluate the quality of their operations. Traffic congestion, intersection delays, weather and operational conditions are some of the factors that make it difficult to predict the accurate bus arrival time in a real-time environment. In a joint project between NUI Maynooth and Blackpool Transport, a dynamic web application was developed to display and update vehicle locations (bustracking.co.uk) (Winstanley et al. 2009) and to provide predictive bus arrival times at stops. A journey by bus is usually part of a longer door-to-door itinerary, usually involving walking before, after or between bus segments. The passenger is really interested in door-to-door jou...
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/4928/
Marked
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Design and Analysis of a General Recurrent Neural Network Model for Time-Varying Matrix Inversion
(2005)
Zhang, Yunong; Ge, Shuzhi Sam
Design and Analysis of a General Recurrent Neural Network Model for Time-Varying Matrix Inversion
(2005)
Zhang, Yunong; Ge, Shuzhi Sam
Abstract:
Following the idea of using first-order time derivatives, this paper presents a general recurrent neural network (RNN) model for online inversion of time-varying matrices. Different kinds of activation functions are investigated to guarantee the global exponential convergence of the neural model to the exact inverse of a given time-varying matrix. The robustness of the proposed neural model is also studied with respect to different activation functions and various implementation errors. Simulation results, including the application to kinematic control of redundant manipulators, substantiate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the efficacy of the neural model on time-varying matrix inversion, especially when using a power-sigmoid activation function.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/2278/
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A Design Methodology for Switched Discrete Time Linear Systems with Applications to Automotive Roll Dynamics Control
(2008)
Solmaz, Selim; Shorten, Robert N.; Wulff, Kai; Ó Cairbre, Fiacre
A Design Methodology for Switched Discrete Time Linear Systems with Applications to Automotive Roll Dynamics Control
(2008)
Solmaz, Selim; Shorten, Robert N.; Wulff, Kai; Ó Cairbre, Fiacre
Abstract:
In this paper we consider the asymptotic stability of a class of discrete-time switching linear systems, where each of the constituent subsystems is Schur stable. We first present an example to motivate our study, which illustrates that the bilinear transform does not preserve the stability of a class of switched linear systems. Consequently, continuous time stability results cannot be transformed to discrete time analogs using this transformation. We then present a subclass of discrete-time switching systems, that arise frequently in practical applications. We prove that global attractivity for this subclass can be obtained without requiring the existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF). Using this result we present a synthesis procedure to construct switching stabilizing controllers for an automotive control problem, which is related to the stabilization of a vehicle's roll dynamics subject to switches in the center of gravity (CG) height.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/892/
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Nonlinear Damage Identification in Fiber-reinforced Cracked Composite Beams through Time-space Wavelet Analysis
(2014)
BRODERICK, BRIAN; BASU, BISWAJIT
Nonlinear Damage Identification in Fiber-reinforced Cracked Composite Beams through Time-space Wavelet Analysis
(2014)
BRODERICK, BRIAN; BASU, BISWAJIT
Abstract:
It is well-known that wavelet analysis is, in the space domain, an efficient way to determinate the damage location (Pakrashi et al., 2007; Loutridis et al., 2004), while, in the time domain, it is an efficient tool to identify the system stiffness variation (Hou et al., 2000; Basu et al., 2008). Based on the idea of combining the information of the structural response in both space and time domains, a new time-space wavelet-based technique aimed at identifying the nonlinear behaviour of damage for SHM is presented. A FE model of a fiber-reinforced cantilever beam with a bridged crack is used to simulate the nonlinear static structural response. On the basis of particular conditions related to the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) of the beam deflection and of the features of the 4th order Coiflets wavelet, a linear relation between the values of the relative rotation due to the crack and the normalized wavelet coefficients at the crack position is ruled out. By analysing through C...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72138
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Sodium-23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging has potential for improving penumbra detection but not for estimating stroke onset time
(2014)
Sodium-23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging has potential for improving penumbra detection but not for estimating stroke onset time
(2014)
Abstract:
Tissue sodium concentration increases in irreversibly damaged (core) tissue following ischemic stroke and can potentially help to differentiate the core from the adjacent hypoperfused but viable penumbra. To test this, multinuclear hydrogen-1/sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the changing sodium signal and hydrogen-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the ischemic core and penumbra after rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Penumbra and core were defined from perfusion imaging and histologically defined irreversibly damaged tissue. The sodium signal in the core increased linearly with time, whereas the ADC rapidly decreased by >30% within 20?minutes of stroke onset, with very little change thereafter (0.5?6?hours after MCAO). Previous reports suggest that the time point at which tissue sodium signal starts to rise above normal (onset of elevated tissue sodium, OETS) represents stroke onset time (SOT). However, extrapolating core data back i...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/72440
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An approach to quantifying the run-time behaviour of Java GUI applications
(2004)
Mitchell, Aine; Power, James F.
An approach to quantifying the run-time behaviour of Java GUI applications
(2004)
Mitchell, Aine; Power, James F.
Abstract:
This paper outlines a new technique for collecting dynamic trace information from Java GUI programs. The problems of collecting run-time information from such interactive applications in comparison with traditional batch style execution benchmark programs is outlined. The possible utility of such run-time information is discussed and from this a number of simple run-time metrics are suggested. The metrics results for a small CelsiusConverter Java GUI program are illustrated to demonstrate the viability of such an analysis.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6438/
Marked
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3-winding flyback transformer model extraction using time domain system identification
(2012)
Trong Vu, T.; Ringwood, John
3-winding flyback transformer model extraction using time domain system identification
(2012)
Trong Vu, T.; Ringwood, John
Abstract:
For low frequency applications, transformer model extraction has been widely investigated using both time and frequency domain data. However, the studies for high frequency transformers have been carried out in the frequency domain only. The reason is due to the complications in acquiring time domain data for high frequency transformer model estimation. This paper presents a methodology to deal with the numerical difficulties associated with time domain data collection, and to obtain a frequency-dependent model of a 3-winding flyback transformer using time domain system identification techniques. The obtained transformer model is experimentally verified.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6862/
Marked
Mark
Compile-time optimisation of store usage in lazy functional programs
(1993)
Hamilton, Geoffrey
Compile-time optimisation of store usage in lazy functional programs
(1993)
Hamilton, Geoffrey
Abstract:
Functional languages offer a number of advantages over their imperative counterparts. However, a substantial amount of the time spent on processing functional programs is due to the large amount of storage management which must be performed. Two apparent reasons for this are that the programmer is prevented from including explicit storage management operations in programs which have a purely functional semantics, and that more readable programs are often far from optimal in their use of storage. Correspondingly, two alternative approaches to the optimisation of store usage at compile-time are presented in this thesis. The first approach is called compile-time garbage collection. This approach involves determining at compile-time which cells are no longer required for the evaluation of a program, and making these cells available for further use. This overcomes the problem of a programmer not being able to indicate explicitly that a store cell can be made available for further use. Th...
http://doras.dcu.ie/21140/
Marked
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Time- and momentum-resolved probe of heat transport in photo-excited bismuth
(2013)
Chen, J.; Trigo, M.; Fahy, Stephen B.; Murray, Éamonn D.; Sheu, Y. M.; Graber, T.; Henn...
Time- and momentum-resolved probe of heat transport in photo-excited bismuth
(2013)
Chen, J.; Trigo, M.; Fahy, Stephen B.; Murray, Éamonn D.; Sheu, Y. M.; Graber, T.; Henning, R.; Chien, Y. J.; Uher, C.; Reis, D. A.
Abstract:
We use time- and momentum-resolved x-ray scattering to study thermalization in a photo-excited thin single crystal bismuth film on sapphire. The time-resolved changes of the diffuse scattering show primarily a quasi-thermal phonon distribution that is established in less than or similar to 100 ps and that follows the time-scale of thermal transport. Ultrafast melting measurements under high laser excitation show that epitaxial regrowth of the liquid phase occurs on the time-scale of thermal transport across the bismuth-sapphire interface. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. (DOI: 10.1063/1.4804291)
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/4284
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Time-scale modification of music using a subband approach based on the bark scale
(2003)
Dorran, David; Lawlor, Bob
Time-scale modification of music using a subband approach based on the bark scale
(2003)
Dorran, David; Lawlor, Bob
Abstract:
Time-domain time-scaling algorithms are efficient in comparison to their frequency-domain counterparts, but they rely upon the existence of a quasi-periodic signal to produce a high quality output. This requirement makes them unsuitable for use on multi-pitched signals such as polyphonic music. However, time-domain techniques applied on a subband basis can resolve the multi-pitch problem. We propose an improved subband implementation based upon the bark scale for the time-scale modification of music. The new subband approach is supported by psychoacoustic and music theory and subjectively through informal listening tests.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/8790/
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The time scape of smart cities
(2017)
Kitchin, Rob
The time scape of smart cities
(2017)
Kitchin, Rob
Abstract:
To date, critical examinations of smart cities have largely ignored their temporality. In this paper I consider smart cities from a temporal perspective arguing that they produce a new timescape and constitute space-time machines. The first half of the paper examines temporal relations and rhythms, exploring how smart cities are the products of and contribute to space-time compression, create new urban polyrhythms, alter the practices of scheduling, and change the pace and tempos of everyday activities. The second half of the paper details how smart cities shape the nature of temporal modalities, considering how they reframe and utilise the relationship between the past, present and future. The analysis draws from a set of 43 interviews conducted in Dublin, Ireland, and highlights that much of the power of smart urbanism is derived from how it produces a new timescape, rather than simply reconfiguring spatial relations.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/9038/
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Time and technology in Orlando
(2014)
O'Sullivan, James
Time and technology in Orlando
(2014)
O'Sullivan, James
Abstract:
Technologies of time are central to Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, symbolism that is equally present in Sally Potter’s film adaptation of the novel. Both Woolf and Potter advance narratives that detail a journey through time, achieved through an exploration of external devices, all of which serve to embody the self, and resolve it with the surrounding environment. In this paper, the concept of external devices, specifically in relation to technologies of time, as examined in both Woolf’s novel and Potter’s adaptation, will be analysed thematically. This paper will begin with a delineation of social and cultural theories relevant to this discourse, before offering theoretically-informed criticism of the aforementioned works.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5365
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Utilising symptom dimensions with diagnostic categories improves prediction of time to first remission in first-episode psychosis.
(2017)
Ajnakina, Olesya; Lally, John; Di Forti, Marta; Stilo, Simona A; Kolliakou, Anna; Gardn...
Utilising symptom dimensions with diagnostic categories improves prediction of time to first remission in first-episode psychosis.
(2017)
Ajnakina, Olesya; Lally, John; Di Forti, Marta; Stilo, Simona A; Kolliakou, Anna; Gardner-Sood, Poonam; Dazzan, Paola; Pariante, Carmine; Reis Marques, Tiago; Mondelli, Valeria; MacCabe, James; Gaughran, Fiona; David, Anthony S; Stamate, Daniel; Murray, Robin M; Fisher, Helen L
Abstract:
<p>The original article is available at https://www.sciencedirect.com </p>
<p>There has been much recent debate concerning the relative clinical utility of symptom dimensions versus conventional diagnostic categories in patients with psychosis. We investigated whether symptom dimensions rated at presentation for first-episode psychosis (FEP) better predicted time to first remission than categorical diagnosis over a four-year follow-up. The sample comprised 193 FEP patients aged 18-65years who presented to psychiatric services in South London, UK, between 2006 and 2010. Psychopathology was assessed at baseline with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and five symptom dimensions were derived using Wallwork/Fortgang's model; baseline diagnoses were grouped using DSM-IV codes. Time to start of first remission was ascertained from clinical records. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to find the best fitting accelerated failure time model of ...
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/psychart/70
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The development of an algorithm to track blood pressure accurately based on the pulse transit time method
(2015)
McCarthy, Brian M
The development of an algorithm to track blood pressure accurately based on the pulse transit time method
(2015)
McCarthy, Brian M
Abstract:
Oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitors are currently used to diagnose hypertension both in home and clinical settings. These monitors take BP measurements once every 15 minutes over a 24 hour period and provide a reliable and accurate system that is minimally invasive. Although intermittent cuff measurements have proven to be a good indicator of BP, a continuous BP monitor is highly desirable for the diagnosis of hypertension and other cardiac diseases. However, no such devices currently exist. A novel algorithm has been developed based on the Pulse Transit Time (PTT) method, which would allow non-invasive and continuous BP measurement. PTT is defined as the time it takes the BP wave to propagate from the heart to a specified point on the body. After an initial BP measurement, PTT algorithms can track BP over short periods of time, known as calibration intervals. After this time has elapsed, a new BP measurement is required to recalibrate the algorithm. Using the PhysioNet datab...
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3376
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Integration of multi-time-scale models in time series forecasting
(2000)
Murray, Fiona T.; Ringwood, John; Austin, Paul C.
Integration of multi-time-scale models in time series forecasting
(2000)
Murray, Fiona T.; Ringwood, John; Austin, Paul C.
Abstract:
A solution to the problem of producing long-range forecasts on a short sampling interval is proposed. It involves the incorporation of information from a long sampling interval series, which could come from an independent source, into forecasts produced by a state-space model based on a short sampling interval. The solution is motivated by the desire to incorporate yearly electricity consumption information into weekly electricity consumption forecasts. The weekly electricity consumption forecasts are produced by a state-space structural time series model. It is shown that the forecasts produced by the forecasting model based on weekly data can be improved by the incorporation of longer-tim e-scale information, particularly when the forecast horizon is increased from 1 year to 3 years. A further example is used to demonstrate the approach, where yearly UK primary fuel consumption information is incorporated into quarterly fuel consumption forecasts.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/9511/
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Design of a hold-off time control circuit for geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes
(2012)
Deng, Shijie; Morrison, Alan P.
Design of a hold-off time control circuit for geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes
(2012)
Deng, Shijie; Morrison, Alan P.
Abstract:
A high-resolution hold-off time control circuit for Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) that enables linear changes to the hold-off time from several nanoseconds to microseconds is presented. The resolution of the hold-off time can be varied from nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds with a range up to microseconds to cater for a variety of GM-APDs. This circuit allows setting of the optimal 'afterpulse-free' hold-off time for any GM-APD through digital inputs or additional signal processing circuitry. With this circuit, the APD is automatically reset following the end of the hold-off period that further simplifies the end-user’s control. A layout of this circuit is designed using a conventional 0.15 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, resulting a area of 95 μm × 55 μm which makes it suitable for use with APD arrays.
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6387
Marked
Mark
A result on the existence of common quadratic Lyapunov functions for pairs of stable discrete-time LTI systems
(2003)
Mason, Oliver; Shorten, Robert N.
A result on the existence of common quadratic Lyapunov functions for pairs of stable discrete-time LTI systems
(2003)
Mason, Oliver; Shorten, Robert N.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the existence of weak and strong common quadratic Lyapunov functions (CQLFs) for pairs of stable discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The main result of the paper provides a simple characterization of pairs of such systems for which a weak CQLF of a given form exists but for which no strong CQLF exists. An application of this result to second order discrete-time LTI systems is presented.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/10159/
Marked
Mark
Prototyping real-time systems
(1994)
Clynch, Gary
Prototyping real-time systems
(1994)
Clynch, Gary
Abstract:
The traditional software development paradigm, the waterfall life cycle model, is defective when used for developing real-time systems. This thesis puts forward an executable prototyping approach for the development of real-time systems. A prototyping system is proposed which uses ESML (Extended Systems Modelling Language) as a prototype specification language. The prototyping system advocates the translation of non-executable ESML specifications into executable LOOPN (Language of Object Oriented Petn Net) specifications so that ESML can be used as a graphical executable specification language for the prototyping of real-time systems. If the translation process is automatic then the user need not be aware of LOOPN. The ESML/LOOPN prototyping system defines an execution semantics for the ESML language in terms of LOOPN nets, a set of translation templates are supplied for the translation of ESML language specifications into LOOPN language specifications. The execution semantics are...
http://doras.dcu.ie/18415/
Marked
Mark
Variations in travel time for N loading to groundwaters in four case studies in Ireland:Implications for policy makers and regulators
(2009)
Fenton, Owen; Coxon, Catherine E.; Haria, Atul H.; Horan, Brendan; Humphreys, James; Jo...
Variations in travel time for N loading to groundwaters in four case studies in Ireland:Implications for policy makers and regulators
(2009)
Fenton, Owen; Coxon, Catherine E.; Haria, Atul H.; Horan, Brendan; Humphreys, James; Johnson, Paul; Murphy, Paul; Necpalova, Magdalena; Premrov, Alina; Richards, Karl G.
Abstract:
Mitigation measures to protect waterbodies must be implemented by 2012 to meet the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. The efficacy of these measures will be assessed in 2015. Whilst diffuse N pathways between source and receptor are generally long and complex, EU legislation does not account for differences in hydrological travel time distributions that may result in different water quality response times. The “lag time” between introducing mitigation measures and first improvements in water quality is likely to be different in different catchments; a process that should be considered by policy makers and catchment managers. Many examples of travel time variations have been quoted in the literature but no Irish specific examples are available. Lag times based on initial nutrient breakthrough at four contrasting sites were estimated to a receptor 500 m away from a source. Vertical travel times were estimated using a combination of depth of infiltration calculations bas...
http://hdl.handle.net/11019/198
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