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'time' in all fields;
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Displaying Results 26 - 50 of 2850 on page 2 of 114
Marked
Mark
Identification of a time-delayed process model using an overparameterisation method
(2007)
Roe, John; Gao, Ruiyao; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Identification of a time-delayed process model using an overparameterisation method
(2007)
Roe, John; Gao, Ruiyao; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
An extensive literature exists on the estimation of the model parameters of time-delayed processes. This paper briefly reviews the main overparameterisation methods for the Single-Input, Single Output (SISO) and Multi-Input, Multi-Output (MIMO) model parameter (and time delay) estimation problem. Subsequently, two algorithms, and their modifications, are discussed, and their performances are assessed in simulation. Results indicate that both the algorithms can suitably identify the model parameters, including the time delay. The third author has taught the method successfully to students taking advanced level control courses at DIT for a number of years; these experiences will be briefly reported. The paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the overparameterisation approach.
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/49
Marked
Mark
Comparison of process identification techniques in the time and frequency domains
(2003)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Comparison of process identification techniques in the time and frequency domains
(2003)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
This paper describes ten methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use step response data and one of the methods uses impulse response data for identification. Two of the methods use frequency response data and the final method uses information from relay-based experiments. The best results are obtained using a combined analytical and gradient method [6] in the frequency-domain and, in the time-domain, using the two-point algorithm [1] and a method proposed by Suganda et al. [5].
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/45
Marked
Mark
Compensation of processes with time delays
(1998)
Heeg, Thomas; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Compensation of processes with time delays
(1998)
Heeg, Thomas; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
Methods which allow comparisons in the use of PI and PID controller strategies for the control of first order lag plus time delay processes (FOLPD) are worthy of investigation because of the relative lack of work done in this area. In this paper, strategies for comparing performance and robustness for a PI or PID controlled FOLPD process are analysed and designed. The use of different PID controller structures for processes with time delay is also worth considering in detail. Various PID controller structures are compared by means of servo and regulator time responses, Bode plots and Nyquist plots.
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/59
Marked
Mark
Comparison of open and closed loop process identification techniques in the time domain
(2002)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Comparison of open and closed loop process identification techniques in the time domain
(2002)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
This paper describes seven methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use the step response data and one of the methods uses the impulse response data for identification.
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/55
Marked
Mark
PID compensation of time delayed processes 1998-2002: a survey
(2003)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
PID compensation of time delayed processes 1998-2002: a survey
(2003)
O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
A time delay may be defined as the time interval between the start of an event at one point in a system and its resulting action at another point in the system. Delays are also known as transport lags or dead times; they arise in physical, chemical, biological and economic systems, as well as in the process of measurement and computation. Methods for the compensation of time delayed processes may be broadly divided into proportional integral derivative (PID) based controllers, in which the controller parameters are adapted to the controller structure, and structurally optimised controllers, in which the controller structure and parameters are adapted optimally to the structure and parameters of the process model. The purpose of this paper is to extract the essence of the developments in design, tuning and implementation of PID controllers for delayed processes over the five years 1998-2002, concentrating on journal publications. The paper will provide a framework against which the l...
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/43
Marked
Mark
Multi-frequency scale Gaussian regression for noisy time-series data.
(2006)
Seng Neo, Kian; Leithead, W.E.; Zhang, Yunong
Multi-frequency scale Gaussian regression for noisy time-series data.
(2006)
Seng Neo, Kian; Leithead, W.E.; Zhang, Yunong
Abstract:
Regression using Gaussian process models is applied to time-series data analysis. To extract from the data separate components with different frequency scales, the Gaussian regression methodology is extended through the use of multiple Gaussian process models. Fast and memory-efficient methods, as required by Gaussian regression to cater for large time-series data sets, are discussed. These methods are based on the generalised Schur algorithm and a procedure to determine the Schur decomposition of matrices, the key step to realising them, is presented. In addition, a procedure to appropriately initialise the Gaussian process model training is presented. The utility of the procedures is illustrated by application of a multiple Gaussian process model to extract separate components with different frequency scales from a 5000-point time-series data set with gaps.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1776/
Marked
Mark
Mechanism-based Inhibition: Deriving KI and kinact directly from Time-Dependent IC50 Values
(2009)
Krippendorff, Ben-Fillippo; Neuhaus, Roland; Lienau, Philip; Reichel, Andreas; Huisinga...
Mechanism-based Inhibition: Deriving KI and kinact directly from Time-Dependent IC50 Values
(2009)
Krippendorff, Ben-Fillippo; Neuhaus, Roland; Lienau, Philip; Reichel, Andreas; Huisinga, Wilhelm
Abstract:
The potential of enzyme inhibition of a drug is frequently quantified in terms of IC50 values. While this is a suitable quantity for reversible inhibitors, concerns arise when dealing with irreversible, or mechanism-based inhibitors (MBI). IC50 values of MBI are time-dependent, causing serious problems when aiming at ranking different compounds with respect to their inhibitory potential. As a consequence, most studies and ranking schemes related to MBI rely on the inhibition constant (KI) and the rate of enzyme inactivation (kinact) rather than on IC50 values. In this article we derive a novel relation between potentially time-dependent IC50 values and KI, kinact parameters for different types of inhibition. This allows for direct estimation of KI and kinact values from time-dependent IC50 values, even without the need of additional pre-incubation experiments. The application of this approach is illustrated using a fluorimetric assay to access the drug-drug interaction potential ass...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1847/
Marked
Mark
Part-time working in Ireland in a European context
(1991)
DREW, EILEEN PATRICIA
Part-time working in Ireland in a European context
(1991)
DREW, EILEEN PATRICIA
Abstract:
The subject of part-time work is one which has become increasingly important in industrialized economies, most notably Norway, Sweden, United States, Canada, Denmark and the United Kingdom, where it accounts for a substantial and growing proportion of total employment. It has been noted that resort to part-time workers was generally a response to a shortage of available labour, particularly when it coincided with periods of economic boom. However the view that part-timers would be engaged at times of economic upturn and be among the first categories of workers to be let go at periods of recession has not been upheld during the last decade. It is now recognized that part-time working is no temporary practice. Rather it represents a growth segment of an otherwise static to falling labour force in many developed economies.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/2758
Marked
Mark
International time
(1913)
Stanuell, Charles A.
International time
(1913)
Stanuell, Charles A.
Abstract:
In dealing with the subject of international time, I should like to state at once that I propose to deal with it in a popular style without any scientific terms, as I think that there have been some misunderstandings of the subject due to the elaborate scientific explanations which have been put forward, and not understood. I propose to first explain what I mean by the expression "International Time." I refer to an arrangement between the nations who belong to the Postal Union, entered into about 1884, under which a general system of time applicable to the whole world was introduced, and recommended to the various nations who had joined the Postal Union, nearly all the civilized globe.
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7932
Marked
Mark
Measuring the opportunity cost of time in recreation demand modelling: an application to a random utility model of whitewater kayaking in Ireland
(2004)
Hanley, Nick; O'Donoghue, Cathal
Measuring the opportunity cost of time in recreation demand modelling: an application to a random utility model of whitewater kayaking in Ireland
(2004)
Hanley, Nick; O'Donoghue, Cathal
Abstract:
The treatment of the opportunity cost of travel time and the measurement of travel costs in recreational demand modelling has been a contentious issue for many decades. This paper demonstrates how a potential wage rate can be used in the measurement of the opportunity cost of travel (leisure) time in order to calculate the travel costs associated with a recreational activity. Most recreation demand studies use a fraction of the wage rate extracted from the gross income variable for the sample population, in calculating the opportunity cost of travel time and each individuals overall travel cost. However, we use each individuals potential hourly wage, as predicted by an earnings model from a secondary dataset, based upon that persons actual socio-economic characteristics. These travel cost estimates are then used in a multi-nomial logit random utility site choice model to calculate the demand for whitewater kayaking in Ireland. We also use the whitewater site choice models to estimat...
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/990
Marked
Mark
24-Hour Electrical Load Data - A Time Series or a Set of Independent Points?
(2001)
Fay, Damien; Ringwood, John V.; Condon, Marissa; Kelly, Michael
24-Hour Electrical Load Data - A Time Series or a Set of Independent Points?
(2001)
Fay, Damien; Ringwood, John V.; Condon, Marissa; Kelly, Michael
Abstract:
The paper investigates whether a time series or a set of independent points is a more appropriate description of 24-hour Irish electrical load data. A set of independent points means that the load at each hour of the day is independent from the load at any other hour. The data is first split into 24 series, one for each hour of the day i.e. a 1am 2am 3am series etc. These are called parallel series. The linear cross-correlation's of the parallel series are used to indicate independence. While the loads at 9am and 6pm to 8pm appear independent the remaining loads are highly inter-correlated. This suggests that 24-hour electrical load data has a dual nature. Two techniques are used to test this hypothesis. The first technique models each parallel series using neural networks. This technique is found to be computationally expensive. The second technique uses a hybrid technique called the Multi Time Scale (MTS) technique. This models 24-hour electrical load data as a time series th...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1967/
Marked
Mark
Forecasting Electrical Load Using a Multi-time-scale Approach
(1999)
Ringwood, J.V.; Murray, F.T.
Forecasting Electrical Load Using a Multi-time-scale Approach
(1999)
Ringwood, J.V.; Murray, F.T.
Abstract:
This paper describes the application of a multi-time-scale technique to the modelling and forecasting of short-term electrical load. The multi-time-scale technique is based on adjusting the underlying short sampling period forecast time series with specific target points and possible aggregated demand. This allows not only improvement of the short sampling period forecast, but also focuses on weighting the accuracy of the forecast at certain critical points e.g. the overnight minimum and daily peaks. Various model types may be utilised at the upper level (forecating the aggregated consumption and target points at daily level), including intelligent models such as neural and fuzzy models, but the base model is currently restricted to a linear form. Results for the Irish national electrical grid demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1963/
Marked
Mark
Space, Time and the Constitution of Subjectivity: Comparing Elias and Foucault
(2010)
Dolan, Paddy
Space, Time and the Constitution of Subjectivity: Comparing Elias and Foucault
(2010)
Dolan, Paddy
Abstract:
<p>The work of Foucault and Elias has been compared before in the social sciences and humanities, but here I argue that the main distinction between their approaches to the construction of subjectivity is the relative importance of space and time in their accounts. This is not just a matter of the “history of ideas,” as providing for the temporal dimension more fully in theories of subjectivity and the habitus allows for a greater understanding of how ways of being, acting and feeling in different spaces are related but largely unintended. Here I argue that discursive practices, governmental operations and technologies of the self (explanatory claims of both Foucault and the Foucauldian tradition) take shape as processes within the continuities of the figurational flow connecting people across space and time. Continuity should not be understood as stability or sameness over time, but as the contingent relations between successive social formations. As Elias argues, there is...
http://arrow.dit.ie/clsart/4
Marked
Mark
Computing Upper-bounds of the Minimum Dwell Time of Linear Switched Systems via Homogeneous Polynomial Lyapunov Functions
(2010)
Chesi, D.; Colaneri, P.; Geromel, J.C.; Middleton, R.; Shorten, R.
Computing Upper-bounds of the Minimum Dwell Time of Linear Switched Systems via Homogeneous Polynomial Lyapunov Functions
(2010)
Chesi, D.; Colaneri, P.; Geromel, J.C.; Middleton, R.; Shorten, R.
Abstract:
This paper investigates the minimum dwell time for switched linear systems. It is shown that a sequence of upper bounds of the minimum dwell time can be computed by exploiting homogeneous polynomial Lyapunov functions and convex optimization problems based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). This sequence is obtained by adopting two possible representations of homogeneous polynomials, one based on Kronecker products, and the other on the square matrix representation (SMR). Some examples illustrate the use and the potentialities of the proposed approach. It is also conjectured that the proposed approach is asymptotically nonconservative, i.e. the exact minimum dwell time is obtained by using homogeneous polynomials with sufficiently large degree.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/2243/
Marked
Mark
Hardware implementation of a real-time 3D video acquisition system
(2010)
Andorko, Istvan; Corcoran, Peter M.
Hardware implementation of a real-time 3D video acquisition system
(2010)
Andorko, Istvan; Corcoran, Peter M.
Abstract:
An implementation of a real-time 3D video acquisition system on a single FPGA is presented. Our approach is based on the use of stereo image sensors and can display real-time 3D video when combined with shutter glasses. The 3D effect is generated based on the parallax of the stereo sensors. An overview of the system architecture is given, including some details of the FPGA implementation of actual image processing pipeline. This architecture provides the basis for a low-cost, personal 3D imaging appliance.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1437
Marked
Mark
Comparison of Process Identification Techniqies in the Time- and Frequency-domains
(2003)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Comparison of Process Identification Techniqies in the Time- and Frequency-domains
(2003)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
This paper describes ten methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use step response data and one of the methods uses impulse response data for identification. Two of the methods use frequency response data and the final method uses information from relay-based experiments. The best results are obtained using a combined analytical and gradient method [6] in the frequency-domain and, in the time-domain, using the two-point algorithm [1] and a method proposed by Suganda et al. [5].
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/140
Marked
Mark
Comparison of Open- and Closed-loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time-Domain
(2002)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Comparison of Open- and Closed-loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time-Domain
(2002)
Kealy, Tony; O'Dwyer, Aidan
Abstract:
Abstract: This paper describes seven methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use the step response data and one of the methods uses the impulse response data for identification.
http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheleart/138
Marked
Mark
Validated Real-time Energy Models for Small-Scale Grid-Connected PV-Systems
(2010)
Ayompe, Lacour; Duffy, Aidan; McCormack, Sarah; Conlon, Michael
Validated Real-time Energy Models for Small-Scale Grid-Connected PV-Systems
(2010)
Ayompe, Lacour; Duffy, Aidan; McCormack, Sarah; Conlon, Michael
Abstract:
<p>This paper presents validated real-time energy models for small-scale grid-connected PV-systems suitable for domestic application. The models were used to predict real-time AC power output from a PV system in Dublin, Ireland using 30-min intervals of measured performance data between April 2009 and March 2010. Statistical analysis of the predicted results and measured data highlight possible sources of errors and the limitations and/or adequacy of existing models, to describe the temperature and efficiency of PV-cells and consequently, the accuracy of power prediction models. PV-system AC output power predictions using empirical models for PV-cell temperature and efficiency prediction showed lower percentage mean absolute errors (PMAEs) of 7.9-11.7% while non-empirical models had errors of 10.0-12.4%. Cumulative errors for PV-system AC output power predictions were 1.3% for empirical models and 3.3% for non-empirical models. The proposed models are suitable for predicting P...
http://arrow.dit.ie/dubenart/5
Marked
Mark
Analyzing time-course microarray data using functional data analysis - a review
(2011)
Coffey, Norma; Hinde, John
Analyzing time-course microarray data using functional data analysis - a review
(2011)
Coffey, Norma; Hinde, John
Abstract:
Gene expression over time can be viewed as a continuous process and therefore represented as a continuous curve or function. Functional data analysis (FDA) is a statistical methodology used to analyze functional data that has become increasingly popular in the analysis of time-course gene expression data. Several FDA techniques have been applied to gene expression profiles including functional regression analysis (to describe the relationship between expression profiles and other covariate(s)), functional discriminant analysis (to discriminate and classify groups of genes) and functional principal components analysis (for dimension reduction and clustering). This paper reviews the use of FDA and it¿s associated methods to analyze time-course microarray gene expression data.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/1903
Marked
Mark
Real-time electrochemical monitoring of brain tissue oxygen: A surrogate for functional magnetic resonance imaging in rodents
(2010)
Lowry, John P.; Griffin, Karen; McHugh, Stephen B.; Lowe, Andrew S.; Tricklebank, Mark;...
Real-time electrochemical monitoring of brain tissue oxygen: A surrogate for functional magnetic resonance imaging in rodents
(2010)
Lowry, John P.; Griffin, Karen; McHugh, Stephen B.; Lowe, Andrew S.; Tricklebank, Mark; Sibson, Nicola R.
Abstract:
Long-term in-vivo electrochemistry (LIVE) enables real-time monitoring and measurement of brain metabolites. In this study we have simultaneously obtained blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI and amperometric tissue O2 data from rat cerebral cortex, during both increases and decreases in inspired O2 content. BOLD and tissue O2 measurements demonstrated close correlation (r=0.7898) during complete (0%) O2 removal, with marked negative responses occurring ca. 30 s after the onset of O2 removal. Conversely, when the inspired O2 was increased (50, 70 and 100% O2 for 1 min) similar positive rapid changes (ca. 15 s) in both the BOLD and tissue O2 signals were observed. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the practical feasibility of obtaining real-time metabolite information during fMRI acquisition, and that tissue O2 concentration monitored using an O2 sensor can serve as an index of changes in the magnitude of the BOLD response. As LIVE O2 sensors can be used in awa...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/2586/
Marked
Mark
Multi-channel Audio Time-scale Modification
(2005)
Dorran, David; Lawlor, Robert; Coyle, Eugene
Multi-channel Audio Time-scale Modification
(2005)
Dorran, David; Lawlor, Robert; Coyle, Eugene
Abstract:
<p>Phase vecoder based approaches to audio time-scale modification introduce a reverberant artefact into the time scaled output. Recent techniques have been developed to reduce the presence of this artefact; however, these techniques have the effect of introducing additional issues relating to their application to multi-channel recordings. This paper addresses these issues by collectively analysing all channels prior to time-scaling each individual channel.</p>
http://arrow.dit.ie/argcon/66
Marked
Mark
Time dependent efficiency of free trade agreements: the case of Slovenia and the CEFTA agreement
(2002)
Damijan, Joze P.; Masten, Igor
Time dependent efficiency of free trade agreements: the case of Slovenia and the CEFTA agreement
(2002)
Damijan, Joze P.; Masten, Igor
Abstract:
In international trade literature there is a common feature that the abolishment of barriers to trade leads to direct expansion of trade flows. Many empirical studies that simulate welfare effects of trade liberalisation explicitly make use of this direct tariff reduction – trade expansion mechanism. On the contrary, this paper explores panel data to analyse the time dependent efficiency of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It is shown that trade liberalisation per se needs time to become effective, and that immediately after the enforcement of the FTA the autonomous factors (such as domestic demand for particular import goods) are of great importance. Using an illustrative case of rapid expansion of Slovenian imports from other CEECs in the period 1993–1998, the paper demonstrates that the tariff reductions become effective in the second to third year after enforcement of the FTA. In addition, the relation between tariff reductions and trade expansions is non-linear, which reflects the...
http://hdl.handle.net/2262/62073
Marked
Mark
Short-Term Wave Forecasting with AR models in Real-Time Optimal Control of Wave Energy Converters
(2010)
Fusco, Francesco; Ringwood, John
Short-Term Wave Forecasting with AR models in Real-Time Optimal Control of Wave Energy Converters
(2010)
Fusco, Francesco; Ringwood, John
Abstract:
Time domain control of wave energy converters requires knowledge of future incident wave elevation in order to approach conditions for optimal energy extraction. Autoregressive models revealed to be a promising approach to the prediction of future values of the wave elevation only from its past history. Results on real wave observations from different ocean locations show that AR models allow to achieve very good predictions for more than one wave period in the future if the focus is put on low frequency components, which are the most interesting from a wave energy point of view. For real-time implementation, however, the lowpass filtering introduces an error in the wave time series, as well as a delay, and AR models need to be designed so to be as robust as possible to these errors.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/3614/
Marked
Mark
Multi-timescale measurements of brain responses in visual cortex during functional stimulation using time-resolved spectroscopy
(2005)
Lebid, S.; O'Neill, R.; Markham, C.; Ward, T.; Coyle, S
Multi-timescale measurements of brain responses in visual cortex during functional stimulation using time-resolved spectroscopy
(2005)
Lebid, S.; O'Neill, R.; Markham, C.; Ward, T.; Coyle, S
Abstract:
Studies of neurovascular coupling (hemodynamic changes and neuronal activation) in the visual cortex using a timedomain single photon counting system have been undertaken. The system operates in near infrared (NIR) range of spectrum and allows functional brain monitoring to be done non-invasively. The detection system employs a photomultiplier and multi-channel scaler to detect and record emerging photons with sub-microsecond resolution (the effective collection time per curve point is ~ 200 ns). Localisation of the visual evoked potentials in the brain was done using knowledge obtained from electroencephalographic (EEG) studies and previous frequency-domain optical NIR spectroscopic systems. The well-known approach of visual stimulation of the human brain, which consists of an alternating black and white checkerboard pattern used previously for the EEG study of neural responses, is applied here. The checkerboard pattern is synchronized with the multi-channel scaler system and allow...
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1442/
Marked
Mark
Impact of Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter Mismatch on Digital Receivers
(2008)
Soudan, Michael; Farrell, Ronan
Impact of Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter Mismatch on Digital Receivers
(2008)
Soudan, Michael; Farrell, Ronan
Abstract:
This paper presents the impact that gain, offset and timing mismatch in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) have on digital receiver systems. An analysis of the mismatch errors shows the dependency of the different errors from the spectrum of the input signal. A discrete-time TIADC model is derived allowing to simulate the mismatch effects of the individual ADCs. Finally, simulations results present the performance degradation that can be expected by the usage of non-ideal analog-to-digital converters (ADC) sampling alternately the inphase and quadrature signals in a direct conversion receiver architecture when random data is processed.
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1397/
Displaying Results 26 - 50 of 2850 on page 2 of 114
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